Bombardier Report Essay, Research Paper
Bombardier Report
Analysis of Bombardier:
Bombardier took on its present form in 1976 when MLW-Worthington, a
manufacturer of locomotives, acquired Bombardier Ltd., a manufacturer of snow
tractors and snowmobiles. The company was renamed Bombardier Inc. in 1978. The
company has been active ever since in the acquisitions of various aerospace and
transportation companies around the world.
Nature of the Business
Bombardier conducts business in five main areas: transportation
equipment, aerospace, defense, motorized consumer products, and in financial and
real estate services. The total revenues increased by 20% from $5.9 billion to
$7.1 billion over the last year.
To be able to see the extent of Bombardier’s operations it is best to
look at each manufacturing group separately.
Aerospace
Aerospace is Bombardier’s most important industry. It accounted for 47%
of sales and 33% of profit in 1995 and makes Bombardier the fourth largest
civilian airplane manufacturer in the world. Bombardier’s customers are spread
out over the globe. They range from government and private commercial airlines
to wealthy individuals and corporations in need of private jets. The products
that are driving the growth in this division are the RJ, the Global Express, and
the Lear-45. De Havilland, which was recently purchased with help from the
Ontario government, produces the Dash-8 series of airplanes. The Dash-8 has had
its production rate increased to 48 planes a year with about 81 on order.
Modified versions of the Dash-8 are in the works that could enable an even
bigger increase in production. Bombardier has cut costs and increased the
profit margin at de Havilland to improve profitability. Bombardier will likely
exercise the option to buy the remaining 49% from the Ontario government. The
outlook for the success of the RJ is very good, although most of its sales rely
on a small number of companies, these companies are pleased with the RJ’s
performance to date. Bombardier’s entrant into the long-range market is the
Global Express that has ?about 60 orders? on the table, but needs 100 to break
even at a price of $34 million. It is experiencing strong competition from
Gulfstream, which produces a plane that is targeted for the same market as the
Global Express. Bombardier has been successful in turning around the troubled
Learjet operations and now expects Learjet to expand its aircraft production
with the introduction of the Lear-45, which already has 90 orders on hand. The
Canadair 50 seat regional jets are continuing to be turned out at a rate of 60
per year. Overall the Aerospace industry has strong growth potential, provided
that Bombardier sticks to its successful niche marketing strategy. Bombardier
is competing with some of the biggest companies in the world. Boeing, McDonnell
Douglas, Lockheed Martin, and Raytheon are all counted as the opposition.
Transportation Equipment
This industry is responsible for 22% of sales and 22% of profits for
1995. The nature of this group is cyclical. Bombardier manufactures subway
cars, high speed trains, passenger cars, and a variety of other equipment, which
is primarily sold in the North American and European markets. Bombardier has
made many acquisitions in this industry that are usually acquired at a loss.
These acquisitions along with the huge loss in the Eurotunnel contract has made
it difficult for Bombardier to show it’s real profitability in this industry.
Revenues have increased by 20% since 1994. Bombardier has 28% and 12% of the
North American and European markets respectfully. The outlook for expansion in
the North American market is encouraging with the contract with Am-Trac to
supply high-speed trains and equipment for use in the United States. Recent
developments in Mexico has led to an increase in demand for railway cars in that
country. As well, the acquisition of Waggonfabrik Talbot will give Bombardier a
strong foothold in the European market that already accounts for 60% of sales.
One area of concern is that Bombardier’s competitors in this industry are
becoming stronger. The merger between Asea Brown Boveri (ABB) and Damhler-Benz
has created a strong competitor. The reemergence of Morrison Kundsen has also
increases the competition in this area. The fact that more and more
transportation authorities are being privatized and will need to adapt their
fleets to meet consumer preferences creates a positive outlook. To accomplish
these adaptations these companies will have to renew their 1000’s of vehicles.
Motorized Consumer Products.
The biggest products in this group are the Sea-Doo and Ski-Doo
recreation vehicles. This group accounted for 23% of sales and 38% of profit.
High profit margins have helped Bombardier achieve success in this market.
Sales in the Sea-Doo area have increased by 20% last summer making Sea-Doo the
leader in the personal water craft market. The increase in Ski-Doo’s sales has
been about 8% per year over the last few years giving Bombardier the number two
position in the market behind Polaris. Other competitors in this group are
Arctic Cat and Brunswick. Bombardier has also recently expanded into electric
vehicles marketed to closed gate communities in the southern US mainly occupied
by seniors. The markets for personal recreation vehicles is cyclical, but the
strong economy in North America right now is helping to buoy sales. A problem
on the horizon for Bombardier is that the aging demographics of its market may
mean a fall in purchases in the future. Defense
Defense accounted for 6% of sales and -2% of profit. The major products
in this group are the Starstreak missile, Shorts Missile Systems, and various
support services. Customers are mainly governments in the UK, US, Middle East,
France, and Canada. Bombardier has seen the demand for its products in this
market shrink over the past few years. Efforts are being made to outsource
production and carry over technology from defense to civilian uses. The major
competitors in this market are the same as in the aerospace industry as well as
Loral and Rockwell.
Financial Services
2% of sales and 9% of profit was contributed to this group. Bombardier
deals in three main areas. It gives loans and leases to dealers of its own
products and other dealers, it provides leasing and financing to its customers,
and it provides financing and support for Bombardiers other divisions. There
are really no competitors because Bombardier knows it’s own business better than
anyone else. The major banks may provide some competition in areas of customer
financing. The success of this division depends on the successes of the other
groups.
Management Quality
Bombardier management has acquired a very good reputation for turning
around failing businesses. Bombardier management has been able to see
opportunities and take advantage of them. The ability to turn around businesses,
strong stability, strategic vision and good returns to shareholders in the past
have displayed that the Bombardier management is, at the least, of good quality.
Ownership Control
There are a total of 335,505,211 common shares. 88,756,982 of these
shares are Class A, which have voting rights of 10 votes each. The other
246,748,229 shares are Class B with 1 vote each. The Class B shares can be
converted to Class A shares under special situations.
There are 1,236,900 cumulative, non-voting preferred shares totaling
30.9 million dollars. The dividends received from these shares are either 75%
of prime or 1.875%, which ever is greater.
Family members of the founder, J. Armand Bombardier, some of which are
management own about 62% of the voting shares.
Dividend Policy
The payout ratio objective of the company is to achieve 30% of net
income as dividends.
Financial Analysis:
Financial Strength (please refer to Appendix A and B for calculations)
Bombardier has a total of $2,289,200,000 worth of debt and $30,900,000
worth of preferred stock. The values of significant ratios are: Debt to equity
of 87.4%, Total debt to Total capital of 57%, and Share holder equity to Total
capital of 41%. These indicate that Bombardier has a significant amount of debt
and any situations where additional debt might be taken on should be scrutinized.
The most current bond rating comes from the CBRS in 1995 and is A-1,
meaning very good quality and should have good performance throughout the
economic cycle. Value line gives Bombardier a timeliness rating of 2, which is
an above average rating. An average rating of 3 for safety was also achieved.
S&P gave the stock a rating of A-1, which is also an above average rating on the
stocks past performance. These ratings show Bombardier to be a stable,
dependable company without much risk associated with it. The total capital has
increased to $4,007.5 million from $3,634.1 million in the year ending on
January 31, 1995.
Profitability Levels (for calculations please refer to Appendix C)
Net Income would have been $308.0 Million in 1995 without the huge write
off that was incurred in the contract with the Eurotunnel. This is a healthy
gain from $241.9 in the previous year. The following numbers are buoyed up
because of the Eurotunnel write off, that should not be accounted for as it was
a special circumstance and does not help in determining the real value of the
firm. The NPM was 4.335% and the ROTC was 16.1% in 1995. The ROE was a good
18.9%. All of these numbers are also in sink with the patterns of growth that
Bombardier has experienced in past years.
Growth Rates (for calculations please refer to Appendix D)
The 5 year annual growth rate(from 1990 to 1995) are: 19.7% in sales,
25.3% in earnings, 17.3% in dividends, and 21.3% in EPS. The differences in
earnings and EPS growth is due to the fact that the number of shares outstanding
has increased over the past 5 years. These results are over an entire economic
cycle, from the recession in 1990 to the strong growth in 1995. All of these
numbers are respectful and attest to the quality of the Bombardier company. The
forecasted EPS used an average NPM, skipping the poor years between 1990 and
1992, of 4.5% and a predicted sales of $8,359.13 million (using 5 year sales
growth rate). The estimated EPS for the year ending Jan. 31, 1997 is $1.13.
Profit Variability(for consistency Value Line figures have been used)
Referring to the Variability graph the trend lines for ROE, NPM, and
Sales growth can be seen. The ROE over the past ten years has been stable,
except in the recession in the early 90’s, but it has since returned to pre-
recession levels. The NPM has remained stable at around 4.5% over the last ten
years. The major concern is the wild variability in sales growth, which has
varied wildly even in good times.
Quarterly earnings per share have trended higher over the last four years,
with some spikes occurring in the fourth quarter of each year and dropping in
the first quarter of the next year. Based on the past trend the 4th quarter
should bring an increase in earnings.
Dividend Record (for calculations please refer to Appendix E)
The estimated dividend is $.23, with a .959% yield, and a payout ratio
of 21.7% for 1995.
Considering the trend in quarterly earnings a spike in earnings for the 4th
quarter should occur. If management tries to adhere to their payout objective
an increase in dividends should occur in the 4th quarter to bring the total to
23 cents for the year from the 15 cents already paid out this year.
Industry Comparisons
The preceding charts are comparing Bombardier to its competitors using
Value Line numbers but with a price as of November 28, 1996 and earnings
annualized over the last four quarters. It can be seen that Bombardier has the
lowest EPS, second highest P/E, second highest P/S, average NPM, average
earnings growth, and second lowest size as measured by market capitalization.
The TSE 300 has a P/E of 24.14. Bombardier’s P/E comes in under the market
value at 21.94 is bang on the market, but is higher than the average P/E for the
industries where it operates: Aerospace/Defense (15.7), Electrical Equipment
(14.6), Recreation (15.9).
Stock Analysis:
Risk Classification
The inherent risk in Bombardier is low and the institutional rating
services acknowledge this (CBRS, A-1; S&P, A-; Value Line Safety, 3). The huge
size of Bombardier and the diversification also classify Bombardier as a
conservative company. The appropriate market capitalization rate for Bombardier
is 11% given this information, please refer to appendix F for breakdowns.
Investor Preference
A past annual sales growth over the past 5 years of 17.5% and Value
Line’s estimated future growth of 12% over the next 5 years; as well as past
growth of 18% in earnings with estimated future growth of 18.5% are signs of a
growth stock. This stock has remarkable growth rates and prospects for such a
big company it is a good base for a growth stock and investors should view it as
such.
Stock Price Volatility
Value Line gives Bombardier a beta of .85, which indicates a less
sensitive reaction to market fluctuations. With the phenomenal growth that we
are experiencing in the TSE right now, Bombardier’s stock will not be going up
as much (only 85% of the increases). Of course, beta is dead and is just a
reflection of past performance with no bearing on the future.
Price Momentum
Bombardier’s average stock price over the past ten years has been
steady. The stock has been split 2 for 1 five times in ten years. If this
price trend continues, a price of $25 is achievable in the next year. Even
during the recession of the recession of the early 90’s the price still grew,
although at a lower rate than other years. In the long run the stock will not
be able to sustain the appreciation and there will be a correction.
Stock Price Sensitivity
Bombardier’s stock is affected by the level of interest rates. The financial
services sector is more affected by the interest rate level than the rest of the
company. Bombardier’s business can be affected by interest rate levels in many
ways. If interest rates are high then individuals, companies, and government’s
may postpone purchases to wait for lower interest rates. If interest rates are
low, like we are now experiencing, then new customers and ones who postponed
purchases because of high interest rates in the past are more willing to buy
Bombardier’s products.
Valuation Ratios (for calculations please refer to Appendix G) All calculations
use the price as of November 28, 1996 of $24.60 and the estimated EPS for the
next year. The valuation ratios are as follows:P/E = 21.94
P/CF = 17.63
P/S= 1.078
P/BV= 4.98
CA/CL= 1.67
RPGM= $19.31
Expected Total Return = 15.9%
The DDM could not be utilized because the growth rate (14.95%) is greater than
the discount rate (10.5%).
Opinion
Using general preferences the following results have been obtained: 1)
The P/E ratio is 21.94 which is greater than 20x the current EPS over
the last 4 quarters of 20.4 (This is an upper limit for stock purchases). The
P/E is greater then the industry P/E’s of the areas it manufactures in, It is
also higher than it’s own P/E in the recent past. The market P/E is 24.14 and
more than the P/E of Bombardier, but in an environment with low interest rate
high P/E values are usually found, so all P/E are probably to high in these
times of low interest rates. P/E’s are usually preferred if they are under 15x.
2) The projected EPS of $1.12 times 25 is 28. This is greater than the
current P/E, which does not point to an overvaluation. 3) The P/E is over
the ROE of 18.9%. This points to an overvaluation. 4) The total return
of 14.25% is greater than the discount rate of 11%. This is a sign of a good
buy. 5) The ROE is just over the acceptable rate of 18%. 6) The
SE/TC is .413 and is not preferred because it is under 70% 7) The P/BV of 4.98
is over the generally preferred multiple of 4x. 8) The P/CF of 17.63 is
over the generally preferred multiple of 10x.
The above facts give conflicting signs of whether the stock is overvalued or not.
One fact that settle the disputing evidence is that the calculated FV from the
RGPM is $19.31 and is well under the current market price of $24.60. There is
no single factor that determines whether a stock is overvalued or not, but in