1. Chapter I. Various American cuisine
1.1 Hot dogs
1.2 Hamburgers
1.3 Doughnuts
1.4 Apple pie
1.5 Potato chips
1.6 Coca-Cola
1.7 Pop- Corn
2. Chapter II. Hospitality of Ukrainian cuisine
2.1 Overview of Ukrainian cuisine history
2.2 Cuisines of Ukraine
2.3 Preparation methods of Ukrainian cooking
2.4 Special equipment of Ukrainian cooking
2.5 Ukrainian food traditions and festivals
3. Chapter III. Table manners
Conclusion
References
INTRODUCTION
Have you ever stopped to really think about what you and your family eat every day and why? Have you ever stopped to think what other people eat? In the movie Indiana Jones and the Temple of Doom, there are two scenes in which the two lead characters are offered meals from a different culture. One meal, meant to break the ice, consisted of insects. The second meal was a lavish banquet that featured such delicacies as roasted beetles, live snakes, eyeball soup, and chilled monkey brains for dessert. Some cultures eat such things as vipers and rattlesnakes, bush rats, dog meat, horsemeat, bats, animal heart, liver, eyes, and insects of all sorts.
The manner in which food is selected, prepared, presented, and eaten often differs by culture. Americans love beef, yet it is forbidden to Hindus, while the forbidden food in the Moslem and Jewish cultures is normally pork, eaten extensively by the Chinese and others. In large cosmopolitan cities, restaurants often carter to diverse diets and offer “national” dishes to meet varying cultural tastes. Feeding habits also differ, and the range goes from hands to chopsticks to full sets of cutlery. Even when cultures use a utensil such as fork, one can distinguish a European from an American by which hand holds the implement. Subcultures, too, can be analyzed from this perspective, such as the executive’s dining room, the soldier’s mess… or the ladies’ tea room, and the vegetarian’s restaurant.
Often the differences among cultures in the foods they eat are related to the differences in geography and local resources. People who live near water (seas, lakes, and rivers) tend to eat more fish and crustaceans. People who live in colder climates tend to eat heavier, fatty foods. However, with the development of a global economy, food boundaries and differences are beginning to dissipate: McDonalds is now on every continent except Antarctica, and tofu and yoghurt are served all over the world. [5., 324]
The aim of the course paper is to identify two absolutely different types of cuisines and to analyze the right behavior during the meal.
The subjects of the work are features of national cuisine and table manners.
The object of the course paper is the wide range of dishes, the comparison of Ukrainian and American cuisine and table manners.
The objectives of the course paper are as follows:
· to compare the Ukrainian and American cuisine;
· to study the wide range of dishes which were mentioned in the course paper;
· to review table manners;
· to analyze recipes of different dishes;
· to identify the origin of some meals.
While researching there were used the following methods of investigation: analysis of books, magazines, descriptive method and comparative analysis.
The structure of the course paper is caused by the consistency of research. The course paper consists of introduction, chapter I, chapter II, chapter III, conclusion, references and resume.
Chapter I. Various American cuisine
The popular view outside the U.S.A. that Americans survive on cheeseburgers, Cokes and French fries is as accurate as the American popular view that the British live on tea and fish’n’chips, the Germans only on beer, bratwurst, and sauerkraut, and the French on red wine and garlic.
This view comes from the fact that much of what is advertised abroad as “American food” is a very pretty flat, tasteless imitation. American beef, for example, comes from specially grain-fed cattle, not from cows that are raised mainly for milk production. As a result, American beef is tenderer and tastes better than what is usually offered as an “American steak” in Europe. When sold abroad, the simple baked potato that comes hot and whole in foil often lacks the most important element, the famous Idaho potato. This has different texture and skin that comes from the climate and soil in Idaho.
Even sometimes as basic as barbecue sauces shows difference from many of the types found on supermarket shelves overseas. A fine barbecue sauce from the Southside of Chicago has its own fire and soul. The Texas has a competition each year for the hottest barbecue sauce (the recipes are kept secret).
America has two strong advantages when it comes to food. The first is that as the leading agriculture nation, she has always been well supplied with fresh meats, fruits, and vegetables in great variety at relatively low prices. This is one reason why steak or beef roast is probably the most “typical” American food; it has always been more available. But good Southern-fried chicken also has champions, as do hickory-smoked or sugar-cured hams, turkey, fresh lobster, and other seafood such as crabs or clams.
In a country with widely different climates and many fruit and vegetable growing regions, such items as fresh grapefruit, oranges, lemons, melons, cherries, peaches, or broccoli, iceberg lettuce, avocados, and cranberries do not have to be imported. This is one reason why fruit dishes and salads are so common. Family vegetable gardens have been very popular, both as a hobby and as a way to save money, from the days when most Americans were farmers. They also help to keep fresh food on the table.
The second advantage America has enjoyed is that immigrants have brought with them, and continue to bring, the traditional foods of their countries and cultures. The variety of foods and styles is simply amazing. Whether Armenian, Basque, Catalonian, Creole, Danish, French, German, Greek, Hungarian, Italian, traditional Jewish, Latvian, Mexican, Vietnamese or what have you, these traditions are now also at home in the U.S.A.
There seem to be four trends in America at present, which are connected with foods and dining. First, there has been a notable increase in the number of reasonably priced restaurants, which offer specialty foods. These include those that specialize in many varieties and types of pancakes, those that offer only fresh, baked breakfast foods, and the many that are buffets or salad bars. Secondly, growing numbers of Americans are more regularly going out to eat in restaurants. One reason is that they are not many American women do not feel that their lives are best spent in the kitchen. They would rather pay a professional chef and also enjoy a good meal. At the same time, there is an increase in fine cooking as a hobby for both men and women. For some two decades now, these have been popular television series on all types and styles of cooking, and the increasing popularity can easily be seen in the number of best-selling specialty cookbooks and the number of stores that specialize in often-exotic cooking devices and spices. [2., 52]
A third is that as a result of nationwide health campaigns, Americans in general are eating a much light diet. Cereals and grain foods, fruit and vegetables, fish and salads are emphasized instead of heavy and sweet foods. Finally, there is the international trend to “fast food” chains, which sell pizza, hamburgers, Mexican foods, chicken, salads and sandwiches, seafoods and various ice creams. While many Americans and many other people resent this trend and while, as many are expected, restaurants also dislike it, many young, middle-aged, and old people, both rich and poor, continue to buy and eat fast foods.
Hot Dogs
Tad Dorgan, a sports cartoonist, gave the frankfurter its nickname in 1906. Munching on a frank at a baseball game, he concluded that it resembled a dachshund’s body and put that whimsy into a drawing, which he captioned “Hot dog”.
Sausages go all the way back to ancient Babylon, but the hot dog was brought to the U.S.A. shortly before the Civil War by a real Frankfurter – Charles Feltman, a native of Frankfurt, Germany, who opened a stand in New York and sold grilled sausages on warmed rolls – first for a dime apiece, later, a nickel.
The frank appealed to busy Americans, who – as an early 19th century comment put it – tend to live by the maxim of “gobble, gulp and go”. Nowadays Americans consume more than 12 billion frankfurters a year.
Hamburgers
Modern hamburgers on a bun were first served at the St. Louis Fair in 1904, but Americans really began eating them in quantity in the 1920s, when the White Castle snack bar chain featured a small, square patty at a very low price. Chopped beef, tasty and easily prepared, quickly caught on as family fare, and today hamburger stands, drive-ins, and burger chains offer Americans their favorite hot sandwich at every turn.
The history of the hamburger dates back to medieval Europe. Early German sailors brought a Tartar dish of shredded raw beef seasoned with salt and onion juice from Russia to Germany. The lightly broiled German chopped-beef cake, with pickles and pumpernickel on the side, was introduced to America in the early 1800s by German immigrants in the Midwest. [4., 67]
Doughnuts
It was early Dutch settlers and the Pennsylvania Germans who introduced the yeasty, deep-fried doughnut to America. To the Dutch it was a festive food, eaten for breakfast on Shrove Sunday.
Legend has it that doughnut got its hole in 1847 when Hanson Gregory, a lad later to become a sea captain, complained to his mother that her fried cakes were raw in the center and poked hole4s in the next batch before they were cooked.
During World War I, when the Salvation Army served them to the troops, doughnuts really took off as popular fare. Since then, coffee and doughnuts become a national institution. Stores sell them plain, sugared, frosted, honey-dipped, or jam-filled.
Apple pie
At its best, with a savory filling and crisp, light-brown crust, apple pie has long been favorite on American tables.
Apples and apple seems were among the precious supplies the early colonists brought to the New World. The first large apple orchards were planted near Boston by William Blaxton in the 1600s. When he moved to Rhode Island in 1635, he developed the tart Rhode Island Greening, still considered one of America’s finest apple pies.
As the fruit became abundant, many settlers ate apple pie at every meal. Garnished with a chunk of cheese, it was a favorite colonial breakfast dish. By the 18th century apple pie became so popular that Yale College in New Haven served it every night at supper for more than 100 years.
America’s love affair with apple pie has remained constant. Today’s housewives, pressed for time, can shortcut the tradition by buying the pastry ready-made at bakeries and supermarkets. Many variations on the good old original are available, but the classical apple pie, irresistible when topped with a slice of rat-trap cheese or slathered with vanilla ice cream, is still America’s favorite. [4., 68-69]
Potato chips
George Crumb, an American Indian who was the chef at Moon’s Lake House in Saratoga Springs, New York, in the mid-19th century, was irked when a finicky dinner guest kept sending back his French fried potatoes, complaining they were too thick. In exasperation, Crumb shaved the potatoes into tissue-thin slice and deep-fried them in oil. He had a dishful of crisp “Saratoga chips” presented to the guest, who was delighted with the new treat.
Potato chips became the specialty of Moon’s Lake House and, later, America’s crunchiest between-meal snack.
Coca-Cola
America’s best-known soft drink was first concocted by an Atlanta pharmacist in 1886. The syrup was cooked up by John S. Pemberton from extracts of coca leaves and the kola nut. He then organized the Pemberton Chemical Company, and Coca-Cola syrup mixed with plain water was sold in a local drug store for 5 cents a glass.
Sales were slow until in 1887 a prosperous Atlanta druggist, Asa G. Candler, bought the Coca-Cola formula – then as now a carefully guarded secret – and added carbonate water to the syrup instead of plain water.
Advertisement stressing the words “delicious” and “refreshing” and carry coupons for free Coca-Cola added to the increase in consumption. A system of independent local bottling companies was developed, and the flared bottle, familiar worldwide and said to resemble the hobble skirt, was designed in 1916.
In 1919 the company was sold out for $25 million to a group headed by Ernest Woodruff. Under his son, Robert W. Woodruff, Coca-Cola rapidly expanded its market. By the mid-1970s more than 150 million Cokes a day were sold in country all over the world.
Today Coca-Cola has to compete with many other soft drinks, but it is still one of the symbols of the United States.
Pop- Corn
It’s impossible to imagine American take-away food or snacks without popcorn. Clear as a day, it is made from corn. But what about the first part of the word “pop”. Actually, when you put a kernel of corn on a fire, the water inside makes the corn explode. This makes a “pop” noise. That is why we call it popcorn. It’s an interesting thing to know that not all corn pops. A seed of corn must contain 14% water in it. Other kinds of corn have less water and do not pop. The American Indians, who popped corn a long time ago, knew that special sort. They introduced corn to the first settlers. In 1620 when Pilgrims had a Thanksgiving dinner they invited the Indians, who brought popcorn with them. Since that time Americans continued to pop corn at home. But in 1945 a new machine was invented that changed the history of the product. The electric machine enabled to pop corn outside the home. And soon movies started selling popcorn to make more money. The famous American habit of eating popcorn at the movies is well- known. Many people like to put salt or melted butter in their popcorn, some prepare to have it without. Either way Americans love their popcorn. [4., 69]
Restaurant “Friday’s”
There are a lot of places in Kiev and in Ukraine where you can taste American cuisine. But the best and the most popular is Restaurant “Friday’s”.
Friday's is an international chain of American cuisine restaurants. To date, there are more than 700 Friday's restaurants located in 55 countries throughout the world.
Friday's is also famous for its collection of bric-a-brac, which can tell many an intriguing story. Friday's rare objects come from all over the world, and the restaurants act as custodians of their stories.
Friday's success formula is simplicity itself. The guest's wishes are commands for the staff; that's why restaurants make every visitor feel at home. Friday's personnel are young, energetic, friendly young men and women who have received their professional education at the company's training center. The restaurants maintain at all times a happy, friendly atmosphere beloved by guests.
But the main attraction here is genuine American cuisine. It was Friday's that invented the recipe for loaded potato skins, which has gone on to become not only the restaurant's hit, but also a signature American dish. All drinks at Friday's are mixed according to the most exacting recipes. The dishes startle with the size of servings. When reading the menu, Friday's visitors quite often face the problem of what to choose. The job is indeed far from an easy one. Judge for yourselves: Friday's sauced mushrooms, coated and fried till crisp and crunchy; Friday's quesadilla, a tortilla pancake with beef or chicken fillet; Fettuccine Alfredo, pasta served with Cajun sauce; and Jack Daniel's glazed ribs, are just a few of the most popular dishes. And there are also salads, sandwiches, Friday's signature hamburgers, juicy steaks, Cajun recipes and chef's specials. To say nothing of desserts and beverages! But truth be told, at Friday's you'll get help in making your choice: the waiter will be only too happy to explain what this or that dish is like. All you'll have to do is place your order.
At Friday's you'll always be comfortable, well fed, and happy! [14.]
Sam’s Steak House
If you want to taste a real American steak, you have to go to the Sam’s Steak House. The best selection of steaks is there. You may peak your own steak and watch them cooked to perfection by the frill chef.
Also there is an excellent choice of Californian and European dishes,
exquisitely cooked seafood and classical desserts: Cheese cake, hot Apple pie.
This restaurant, arguably serving the best selection of steaks in the Ukraine, is situated on the cross road at 37 Zhilyanskaya Str. Decorated in the "New colonial" style, the light maple wood interior with green highlights and red brick walls sets off the wooden American colonial period furniture. The shelves holding period china, cupboards wherein are displayed the restaurant's wines, matching green curtains and plethora of large comfortable cushions completes the homely atmosphere. Situated in the main dining hall is the impressive open grill flanked by the chilled meat display cabinets. While you eat your meal watch sports events or fashion shows on the TV's, or look for the numerous Kiev personalities such as Sports stars, DJ's and pop singers who always go where the action is and the steak action is most definitely right here in Sam's Steak House.