Роль чтения в процессе обучения речевому общению на уроках английского языка (стр. 7 из 8)
Проанализировав данные по уровню владения коммуникативными навыками учащихся 6 «В» класса, полученные в результате контрольного этапа опытно-практической работы, мы пришли к заключению, что применение текстов различной степени трудности на уроках английского языка в средней школе способствует развитию навыков речевого общения.
Заключение
Мы видим, что по сравнению с результатами констатирующего этапа, результаты экспериментальной группы в ходе контрольного эксперимента стали заметно выше. Подводя итог всей работе в целом, следует сделать следующие выводы:
1. Суть чтения как вида коммуникативной деятельности заключается в извлечении информации, заключенной в тексте, в необходимом объеме.
2. Целью обучения чтению в средней школе является овладение учащимися чтением про себя с непосредственным пониманием читаемого. Чтение вслух используется в учебном процессе как вспомогательное средство обучения и методический прием.
3. Механизмы чтения осуществляется на усвоенном в устной форме языковом материале поэтапно: вначале осваивается чтение слов, затем - чтение структур с их постепенным расширением, после этого - сочетание структур разных типов и, наконец, чтение небольших текстов с постепенным увеличением их объема и усложнением содержания.
4. При обильном чтении происходит накопление у учащихся лексики, которая усваивается и используется при чтении. Она составляет пассивный запас лексики учащихся.
5. Чтение разного типа, применяемое в учебном процессе при обучении английскому языку, дает богатый материал для проведения идейно-воспитательной работы с учащимися. Учитель должен воспользоваться этим эффективным средством повышения образовательного уровня учащихся и воспитательного воздействия на их личность.
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Приложение 1.
American holidays.
There are a number of holidays in the USA which are celebrated every year. Here are some of them.
The 1st of January is New Year's Day. People do not go to bed until after midnight on December 31. They like to see “the old year out and the new year in”. Many people give parties on New Year's Eve.
Memorial Day, or Decoration Day, is dedicated to those who fought in the War for Independence, in World War I or in World War II.
The 4th of July is Independence Day. It is the biggest national holiday in the USA. The Declaration of Independence was proclaimed in Philadelphia on July 4, 1776, when the American colonies were fighting for independence against England.
On the 11th of November there is Veteran's Day. It is I dedicated to those who fell in the two World Wars.
Thanksgiving Day is on the fourth Thursday in November. In the autumn of 1621, the Pilgrim Fathers celebrated their first harvest festival in America and called it Thanksgiving Day. Since that time it has been celebrated every year.
Christmas is celebrated on the 25th of December. People usually stay at home at Christmas time, and spend the day with their families.
British Holidays.
There are a number of holidays, which are celebrated in Great Britain every year.
One of them is, of course, New Year's Day on the first of January. It is not so popular in England as in our country, but it is rather popular in Scotland. On that day people usually visit their friends and there is a lot of dancing and eating. In Scotland people bring a piece of coal for good luck in the New Year.
The next holiday of the year is St. Valentine's Day. It is on the 14th of February. People buy or make Valentine cards and send them to the people they love.
In March there is Mother's Day. All the children, little or adult ones, come to their mothers on that day to express their love and gratitude.
In April there is Easter. At Easter children eat chocolate Easter eggs. Sometimes parents hide them in the ho-use or in the garden and children have to look for them.
In June there is Father's Day. On Father's Day children give or send their fathers and grandfathers cards and presents.
On the 31st of October there is a Halloween. They say ghosts and witches come out on Halloween. People make lanterns out of pumpkins. Some people have Halloween parties and dress as witches and ghosts.
The 25th of December is Christmas Day. It is one of the people's favourite holidays. People put Christmas trees in their houses and decorate them. There are beautiful Christmas decorations in the streets. On Christmas Eve everybody puts the presents under the Christmas tree. People say that at night Father Christmas puts presents into the stockings which children usually hang on their beds. The traditional Christmas meal is roast turkey and Christmas pudding.
Holidays in Russia.
There are many national holidays in Russia. The major holidays are: New Year's Day, Women's Day, May Day, Victory Day and Independence Day.
The first holiday of the year is New Year's Day. People see the new year in at midnight to the 31st of December. They greet the new year with champagne and listen to the Kremlin chimes beating 12 o'clock. There are lots of New Year traditions in Russia. In every home there is a New Year tree glittering with coloured lights and decorations. Children always wait for Father Frost to come and give them a present. Many people consider New Year's Day to be a family holiday. But the young prefer to have New Year parties of their own.
A renewed holiday in our country is Christmas. It is celebrated on the 7th of January. It's a religious holiday and a lot of people go to church services on that day.
March 8 - Women's Day. This is the day of paying tribute to women. On March 8, men give women flowers and presents, and do all the domestic work around the house and in the kitchen. In some countries this day is called Mother's Day and is celebrated in spring.
The greatest national holiday in our country is Victory Day. On the 9th of May, 1945, the Soviet Army and its allies completely defeated the German fascists and the Second World War and the Great Patriotic War ended.
April Fools' Day takes place on April 1. On this day you can meet someone who will try to pull your leg. Even if he fools you, you aren't showing signs of bad temper. Otherwise, people will suspect you of the worst possible sin - a lack of humour.
Independence Day is a new holiday in our country. On the 12th of June, 1992, the first President of Russia was elected.
We also celebrate Day of Defender of Motherland on the 23d of February, Easter, Day of knowledge and lots of professional holidays.
Thanksgiving Day.
There is one day a year when all Americans stay home with their families and eat a big dinner. This is Thanksgiving Day.
The pilgrims celebrated the first Thanksgiving Day in the fall of 1621. The pilgrims sailed to America on board the "Mayflower" ship for religious freedom. They were among the first European settlers in America.
There were people living in America before the pilgrims arrived. These people were the Native American Indians. The pilgrims first winter in the New World was very difficult. They had arrived too late to grow many crops. Without fresh food half of the pilgrims died. The following spring the Indians taught the pilgrims how to hunt, fish, plant and survive in America. The crops did well and in the fall of 1621 pilgrims had a great harvest. They were thankful and decided to celebrate with a Thanksgiving feast. They prepared a dinner of turkey, corn, beans and pumpkins. They invited their Indian friends to share this feast. The Indians brought food for the feast too (they even brought popcorn!).
Americans still celebrate Thanksgiving Day in the fall. It is celebrated on the fourth Thursday in November. Turkey is still the main dish and pumpkin pie is the most popular dessert.
New Year’s day.
At midnight on 31st December bells will ring out around the world to welcome the New Year.
Although certain countries and religions calculate time by other calendars most countries in the world now number their years according to the Gregorian calendar introduced in the 16th century by Pope Gregory XIII. This calendar was intended to overcome the confusion caused by calculating time according to the moon's phases.
Bell ringing is one way of celebrating the arrival of a new year which is common to all countries welcoming it at this time; but it is the differences in their celebrations and customs which are intriguing. In Europe traditions vary considerably, but most of them involve a meal or special food.
Swiss housewives bake special bread, rich in butter, eggs and raisins. They also cook roast goose. Children go from house to house greeting the occupants and receiving invitations to come inside.
People in Italy hold all-night parties, where salt pork lentils are included on the menu. Lentils are supposed to be lucky and bring money - perhaps because they look like small piles of gold coins. There is a practical reason for meals featuring in these new year festivities.
Also there is common superstition that if the new year begins well it will continue like that. So great efforts are made to provide an atmosphere of goodwill and plenty. Parties are arranged a drink flow freely.
In Spain it is a custom to eat grapes at midnight and toast the new year in champagne at family gatherings.
Groups of friends visit restaurants in Turkey intending to spend the night in celebrations which include present giving.
A people in Greece play cards, hoping that a win will bring them luck for a whole year.
Halloween.
Halloween, name applied to the evening of October 31, preceding the Christian feast of Hallowmas, Allhallows, or All Saints' Day. The observances connected with Halloween are thought to have originated among the ancient Druids, who believed that on that evening, Saman, the lord of the dead, called forth hosts of evil spirits. The Druids customarily lit great fires on Halloween, apparently for the purpose of warding off all these spirits.