![](data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAJAAAAAvCAYAAAAM2kMYAAAAAXNSR0ICQMB9xQAAAAlwSFlzAAAOxAAADsQBlSsOGwAAABl0RVh0U29mdHdhcmUATWljcm9zb2Z0IE9mZmljZX/tNXEAAAS9SURBVHja7Vy7UttAFF1TE+oAXqqQHq3TUjFiHUjpzAiNKxgXHo8K8IwKEmQ6Cn6ApIFUyUy+IIYuBckfZIAfYPgFSHRXDwvHWI9dCWFucYbBLx3vHt33muzv7xMEIitwERAoIAQKqLwLREgFMGm8/PdPjUEFBSSJVqsxw6vkjFT5aevgYHqSeG0wcuKK5NbHnY/B/8w8RgFJwHGas4yQC7GYJRKQCl4HB61pvlA7ajrOLPzf0WmXUN4PPsvidJuZvXUUkAK4i7tTNgsky8ux+BI3nOVQTFVySrm1HT5vGEuBuFBAKKCx2G2vaJTQP9xyljCIRgFl+ZwuIewqqcVBAaGA7sdCrvtKGjCjgFBAowLyq6QBMwoIBXRfQAZ7J+O+UEDPXEAbGvki475QQHGLQ8iUWOQqP2u0WjOTwguqzG72xSghN8xw3klVtFEoY+ODi0F1ll5nTXXLxEsEzpT0I1Xn22gREQWEKNYa4iIglArogS5tpXBiJeEx6ZyVCgi+rJfahR1aaR+ZdSPKwGPSOSsXUM9k65DWeYEW/SYbNGadOVHFQ9XMSxKk4Vwkr0IF1G63X8Ff0WCj9a+yd47JyPG9aH8YD9QgVPHIev2YzRWQ4ZyFVxJOw7ySvictYoNoGDaSKW+rwmPxGLu5PormnITTMK+k70mLsQKCOoNGtL5MeVuFqVbBo2hXkZTzxLowsQgQCLKNk+CLPoYLU8VD5vqZBJSQc9G8ChUQmGCqd7q23ZhnzNwbcddUAj+Y58D5QzyG/HupBt7jOD+LOhDMw3p3AruImuJek625j10aHX2NEu13Y7f9GkriecUoD/EIA1VCrmm9fqjK3ebN+dkIaKxL4NSBDGOVLXyilP7kJt9kurVVJGHbbs4xwn7ABomOtO8ycgyoSxebpOE0/NoR8dfwY5VcBAQBYp3WDw3HWoQpNrA8sIFFZ0mWzraCGgvEHNFh8HzEGjYu72Q710VzguF5sNTu839FcZPyfr1GvvuFTnjsFtbP8y7+0Z6Uhc9UhTK4mCDFzEMomK0usM9N254rcgFNxpyGbc8Hw+Ar7V0tj+sMH33x3ZPYsMcSTxZOo6YORw2SgTHIcjOm2bg9uCColTV7a+FYQcEZQ5jBUHbOKDnPq1XgGHw5Wk0ezA/n6zJVc/Ks0ODURSCo6DAa3IxvuLWZewz03CFOc5YsxY7jNCwgS9ffaxrpBwKy7dYLzvgHnAcqwn34sd9T4iR6dL67CiyNJzrPakVjShRQjlDVHyyak8hUXQGJ5Me1NFbPeilOouqdHbBOWV0XCihd2lwxGT0sw0hrWk7B8L1l8rfw2vAosysgk/NN2RsCBZJgo0S5wk0cniIn4a40rR9UxoMgularHan4TiiSmI0StSa90w0KbeA2gh8meAqcvJ9xYZdByu7Xhm5UJQMolJiN8gtuEcgdxCuS06gg2xMQ+5VgYmAq2v9EAaXEoK9Vnk55Wk7grmoL/Cga50AdL65gGBYfdf2j6Dm68RIKCJG+vkR533KMRTd+clBAiMSIWq64fiMuGOJ/Abmigf6amGvyJx9QQIh07ivhsWlcMMQ9gNXRtI0epvGITLGPN2uU/AcbcOEQUsBFQKCAEI+Hf5fdM1zFH7egAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC)
По этим зависимостям определяются постоянные составляющие циклов изменения напряжений σm и σm (средние напряжения цикла) и переменные составляющие σа и τа (амплитуды цикла) при симметричном цикле изменения напряжений изгиба и пульсирующем (отнулевом) цикле изменения напряжений кручения.
,(3.30)где τа – переменная составляющая циклов изменения напряжений;
τm – постоянная составляющая циклов изменения напряжений;
τ-1 – предел выносливости при кручении при симметричном знакопеременном цикле (τ-1=160Мпа);
kτ – эффективный коэффициент концентрации напряжений при кручении (kτ=1,1);
β – коэффициент упрочнения, вводимый для валов с поверхностным упрочнением (β=0,94);
Ψτ – коэффициент, характеризующий чувствительность материала к асимметрии цикла изменения напряжений (Ψτ=0,045).
,(3.31)где М – суммарный изгибающий момент в рассматриваемом сечении (Н·мм);
W – момент сопротивления в рассматриваемом сечении (мм3).
Для сечения вала с одной шпонкой:
(3.32)
мм2
Мпа
,(3.33)где Wρ – полярный момент сопротивления, мм3.
Для сечения вала с одной шпонкой:
(3.34)
мм3
МПа
![](data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAANQAAAAxCAYAAACiV4cpAAAAAXNSR0ICQMB9xQAAAAlwSFlzAAAOxAAADsQBlSsOGwAAABl0RVh0U29mdHdhcmUATWljcm9zb2Z0IE9mZmljZX/tNXEAAAY2SURBVHja7Zw/btw4FMblPuk3QeQ7eJR6twkmmiBpA4wFY7FYwEUQTJMFpkghu3PhHCCpkm73CuucIDdYwD5BfIaZNSmRepJIiqKof/ZXPAxsaShqxJ/e48fHF5yfnwcwGMyP4UeAwQAUDAag+ruJIDhg5nqcnmM61+Yc2/ar32/TrmsfYACq0bbb08fxs+B78Cz+fnpx8ajtcTFAj6Pg293njlt0/K06WNNNfBQGwe3d//fc7s6x7eP7ZfhBfk9aeBtv0qOsjydPoyC4FteP1ukbE0y0r+Hy/QcMZADlxdL05IkciApgmo4L4wOUHOd/V4DJodjJQZ+cvW7dR2r59bLj0b8nafqkuE50I/5W9jVKvtK2ARWA8mp8EBqAMR2/uDh9xDwYHZRnSfSans8G7mJxfOYSYqXr9VEVDta+uN7ZZvML7Re/VhD+EN6r7iUXP2h7vK8GAGEAanigwuCKH99uH4vza4DloRoLx7rOXY6j8JMKGAlNlFyqjqngEaGorceEAahegSKD8icL89h85vlh/FmcK4ErwrVW8ydlCHj48ouqLx/fvViEYfyPAFsNVHj74t3HBYACUJMFinihHfcA2+1T1TkErr3rAKbhnn6Opg7h5Hws96bMU6br6A0VOGAAanSgmBL48jD6sk7XR5mAoIdKJ1rwH9NCyjaFewSsvU5okN6UekzMoQDUlIBigNABnETBV9P53JtVgCrCxkyBaxvumUQSH+fCANQgQOVh1A0N4TKlbXGle+szoFxCPl24pwK8qX3mCfl9hfGVCVDYRICay2q8XOgkKp3NcXFvVZWP/Y97IDJQ6W+RCQerv10GsS7ca2qfPgf2KRerg+h66qGejywWH9+xGedN/bThI9DNKbIHVixiMvVrudy8ndLDqi+ahj/pgNUdL+Yh2YCsKXkEptqcxdEjsL5Q9bAuhqjbp31NNvEr0Zc5hHk+sliUXjkTbjq/TETInC+JaJ8tF35IH0sCUqXvVpNuPqfooGxN9c2ZruNf56COzamvypdZhyyWAj6ennXTBJJYQ7TxYhIowzKImBKo+qiaSigbqK7UswszFey+KEnyYRoEBPR1GoJRCSbL30B6kDwnUweWDVBJFKWrVXjpDBS9CO1IEsd/YvILGwOoLBk4W8poM3+S4TQL5fL5cRughPik66MVUKWOKLKumyZ1TdsUYPMNkV2ec+csljzkClery2I+bF4nrLUhdwqU1+tMQPHrRklq6qM1UKXJsEY9q8yvdlqbaagC8/OcuwIl8iiZ8ikFpEzhtFrMzlTRYnsMFXNMQLFQr7QDoCtQJbItVRifbzvYeDalkE+VECwgM4lkcgmCqLm2cyg27uN1+pv4Pe76+JfKsTQCpVqwzCZ4+lwxlwdkfNPBRrcphXzKDHvFYrx27mSRlVIFSuON99V9cI1AsROqu0Wb9tsg5EPI12fIJ+Eh4zKLnML/VC953p7lmLNR+TqFfLmaci3UFLnwNiIUCMHmG+51zWIpR0mFykd3LbuMmUGAEqpGLbtgZA8jV7Fho4V7LuYri0XpIQ1jslqqwORJWwGlCB9bixITkWv3CLkenkQ/RGaILVBtPNcc1j52E+vPwX0ZtFO8lyEzQ6pJDG1+j5L6NyOgJuOdaIgy9/1H9+leOgOlSYpu9Eya7wAoS9ssl29ZTN+0V2oOdp/uZXJjdk5ATaVCbNM2dl9qpu54m7aazu3jXgDUDICaUoVY34nCY1aWRdLzAwGKChJTqhDbdvt7k5cYs7Ks61Z+2DyB2ivf5CNWiOU7Ny0y8Ok1m/aRjVVZtu29wACUWtFxrBDrUtvcdWNm35VlXeu0wwCU4g0+TIVYV6BQWRZAzQYo4oV6qxBLFTZRQJPuNG0KsVBZFkD5EB8OhgDKV4VYo2pWz8ret8m+R2VZANVZydOsN+18A+WjQmyfIR8qywKorkDtxCf1UroMiblUiHUFCpVlAVQvcyYVUC57a2g4OWSFWFegHmJlWQA1AlAue2uWvy//qO6rGaJCbC3kOnz+2WZQP8TKsgCq5/CPvGX3ntqcXcVV3CeA8uqlfO2BmnvFVdwngPLlpbBDFwag+phLwWAAyoOXwoOBASgYDAagYDAABYNN1P4HpeZUNb1W+rMAAAAASUVORK5CYII=)
Что соответствует условию S≥[Sдоп]. Таким образом безопасность обеспечена.
![](data:image/jpeg;base64,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)
Рисунок 3.2 - Схема нагружения вала
4.5 Подбор подшипников
Вал воспринимает радиальные нагрузки. Принимаем сферический двухрядный радиальный шарикоподшипник тип 1609 ГОСТ 5720-75
d=45мм
D=100мм
В=36мм
Для выбранного подшипника выписываем характеристики:
С – динамическая грузоподъемность, кН, (С=41,5кН);
С0 – статическая грузоподъемность, кН, (С0=19,43кН);
Х – коэффициент радиальной нагрузки (Х=1);
V – коэффициент вращения (V=1, так как вращается внутреннее кольцо подшипника).
Эквивалентная нагрузка:
P=X·V·Fr·kσ·kτ,(3.35)где Fr – радиальная нагрузка, Н;
kσ – коэффициент безопасности (kσ=1,1);
kτ – температурный коэффициент, учитывающий рабочую температуру нагрева подшипника, если она превышает 373,15К (kτ=1).
Р=1·1·725,46·1,1=798Н
Долговечность подшипника:
,(3.36)где n – частота вращения, об/мин;
Lh – долговечность подшипника, (Lh=8·103ч).
млн.обДалее определяем расчетную динамическую грузоподъемность (Ср) и проверяем условие:
Ср≤С
(3.37)где m=3 для шариковых подшипников.
кНТаким образом получили Ср<С.
Принимаем подшипник 1609 ГОСТ 5720-75.
4.6 Расчет шпонки
Для вала с диаметром d=45мм под шкив принимаем призматическую шпонку
.Так как высота и ширина призматических шпонок выбирается из стандартных размеров, расчет сводится к проверке шпонки по допускаемым напряжениям при принятой длине или высоте на основании. На основании допускаемых напряжений находится ее длина.
Шпонка проверяется из условия прочности на смятие и на срез.
T≤0,5d·lp·k[σсм],(3.38)
где d – диаметр вала, мм;
lp – рабочая длина шпонки, мм;
Т – крутящий момент, Н·мм;
k – рабочая высота (глубина врезания в ступицу шпонки).
k=0,4h=0,4·9=3,6мм.
Материал шпонки – Сталь 45 ГОСТ 1050-88:
[σсм]=150Н/мм2
[τср]=90Н/мм2.
Т≤0,5·45·70·3,6·150=85050 Н·мм
44940<85050.
Таким образом, условие прочности на смятие выполняется.
Условие прочности шпонки на срез:
T≤0,5d·b·lp[τср](3.39)
Т≤0,5·45·14·70·90=198450 Н·мм
44940<198450
Таким образом, условие прочности на срез также выполняется.
Список использованных источников
1. Попков А.А. Аграрная экономика Беларуси. – Мн: «Беларусь», 2006.
2. Машины и аппараты пищевых производств. В 2 кн. Кн. 1:Учеб. Для вузов/С.Т.Антипов и др.; под ред. В.А. Панфилова. – М.: Высш. Шк., 2001. – 703с
3. Пелеев А.И. Технологическое оборудование предприятий мясной промышленности. - М.: Пищепромиздат, 1963.
4. Технологическое оборудование мясокомбинатов. Под ред. к.т.н. Бредихина С.А. - М.: Колос, 1997.
5. Д.М. Гальперин. Монтаж и наладка технологического оборудования предприятия пищевой промышленности. – М.: Агропромиздат, 1988.