| ¸Úðð÷ü ¸Úðð÷ü ÜðÃð ×ðÁÿÃðó ±ðýá | `the more the night advanced` |
| (ÃÚðð÷ü-ÃÚðð÷ü) ãðæððá Ãð÷¸ð èð÷Ãðó ±ðýá | «the heavier did the rain grow` |
¸Úðð÷ü èó....ÃÚðð÷ü èó = `no sooner......than` (Conjunctive).
Úðð÷ü èó denotes `for no particular reason or purpose`,`in vain`, `casually;
| ãðè Úðð÷ü èó ¡ðÚðð Æðð | `he had just dropped in` |
| Ùðøü Úðð÷ü èó ýÃðÐðó ÇõÜ ±ðÚðð | `in vain, did I go all this distance` |
¸Úðð÷ü ¨îð (¨îó, ¨÷î) ÃÚðð÷ü `in the same condition, order or way as before`:
×ðôÁÿðÑð÷ Ùð÷ü Øðó £çð¨÷î ÇðüÃð ¸Úðð÷ü ¨÷î ÃÚðð÷ü ×ðÐð÷ èøü even in old age, his teeth are in the sam (sound) condition`. ©Úðð÷ü ¨îÜ in the sense of `how` is archaic (282-iii).
Ãðð÷, used as a correlative of ¸ð×ð `when` or of ÚðòÇ `if`, signifies `then`:
¸ð×ð £çð÷ ªîð÷Ïð ¡ðÚðð Ãðð÷ ãðè òµðââððÐð÷ âð±ðð `when he got angry, (then) he began to shout`,
ÚðòÇ ÃðôÙð ãðèðû ±ð¦ Ãðð÷ Ñð¶Ãðð¡ð÷±ð÷ `if you go there, (then) you will repent`. See :- (c) Ãðð÷ is emphatic, sometimes denoting contrast:
ãðè ¡ðÚðð Ãðð÷ èø `he has come`,
Ñðèâð÷ Ùðô»ð÷ ¸ððÐð÷ Ãðð÷ Çð÷ `first let me go`,
ÜðÙð ¨îð÷ Ãðð÷ ×ðôâðð¡ð÷ `call Ram` or `just call Ram`,
ò¨îÃðð×ð Ãðð÷ òÙðâðó, ¨îâðÙð Ððèóü `the book was found, (but) not the pen`,
ãðè Ùð÷Ü÷ Ñððçð Ãðð÷ ¡ðÚðð, ÑðÜ ×ðð÷âðð `he did come near me, but did not speak`.
Ððèóü
As a negative Adverb (293-b-ii). For the adverbial Ãðð÷, çð÷÷ 285-m; for conjunctive Ãðð÷,and See:- ÚðòÇ....Ãðð÷ `if .....then`, (285-m); ÚðÌðòÑð `although`; Ãðð÷ Øðó=òÒîÜ Øðó =`yet even so`; ÚðÌðòÑð....ÃðÆððòÑð `though....yet`:
ÚðòÇ ¡ðÑð µððè÷ü, Ãðð÷ Ùðøü ãðèðû ¸ðð çð¨îÃðð èõû `I can go there if you so want`.
All the pronominal Adverbs, including those combined with èó (but excluding those denoting manner), may be used as Nouns and attach the case-signs çð÷ (`from, since`) ¨îð÷ (`to` with Adverbs of place), ÑðÜ (`at` with Adverbs of place only) and ¨îð (`of`), besides the preposition Ãð¨î (`upto`) 299-d):
| ¡×ð çð÷ | `hnceforth` |
| ¨î×ð çð÷ | `since when?` |
| ¨îèðû çð÷ | `whence?` |
| ¨îèðû ¨îð | `of which place?` |
| Ãð×ð ¨îð | `of that time` |
| ¨î×ð ¨îð | `of which time?` |
| £ÏðÜ ¨îð÷ | `thitherwards` |
| £ÏðÜ ¨îð | `from that very place` |
| ¨îèðû ¨îð÷ | `whereto?` |
| ãðèóü çð÷ | `from that very place` |
| Úðèóü ¨îð | `of this very place` |
| ¡Øðó çð÷ | `already from now on` |
| ¨îèðû ÑðÜ | `at which place?` |
| Úðèðû Ãð¨î | `thus far` |
| Ãð×ð Ãð¨î | `until then` |
| ¨î×ð Ãð¨î | `how long?` |
With pronominal (and other) Adverbs denoting time, ¨îð has occasionally the sense of çð÷ (from, since):
¡×ð ¨îð `since this hour` ¨î×ð ¨îð `since when?`, or `how
long` (`a long time ago`).
Ùðøü ¡×ð ¨îð ±ðÚðð äððÙð ¨îð÷ âððø¾õü±ðð `leaving now, I shall return in the evening`,
ãðè ¨î×ð ¨îð Úðèðû ×ðø¿ð èø `how long has he been sitting here?`.
¨îèóü ¨îð `of some place, of some standing`, or `confounded` ....etc.
¡ðÚðð ×ðÀÿð ÑðòÂÀÃð ¨îèóü ¨îð ! `he thinks he is a great scholar`
`scholar, indeed`!
µðâð Úðèðû çð÷, µðð÷Ü ¨îèóü ¨îð ! `get away, you confounded thief !`
(a) The pronominal Adjectives ¦÷çðð, ãðøçðð, ¨øîçðð, ¸ðøçðð, Ãðøçðð (137 a), in their oblique forms ¦÷çð÷, ãðøçð, ¨øîçð÷ etc. are used as Adverbs of Manner;
¦÷çð÷ `in this manne, thus`,
¨øîçð÷? `how?`, `why?` etc.
All these have more or less the same meaning as Úðð÷ü, ¸Úðð÷ü, ©Úðð÷ü etc. and can append èó.
(×ð) ¦÷çðð, ãðøçðð etc. and ýÃðÐðð, £ÃðÐðð, etc. can be used as Adverbs of manner and degree:
Ùðøü ¦÷çðð Øðð±ðð...... `I ran so (fast)........»
ãðè ýÃðÐðð Üð÷Úðð....... `he cried so much.......`
¨ôî¶, ¨ôî¶ - ¨ôî¶ `a little`, `partly`, `to some extent`, and ×ðèôÃð-¨ôî¶ `to a great extent`, `a great deal` are also used adverbially (111 and 118-16, 15):
ãðè ¨ôî¶ èûüçðð `he smiled a little`,
×ðô®ððÜ ¨ôî¶-¨ôî¶ £ÃðÜð èø `the fever has partly (to some extent) subsided`,
ÐðÇó ¨îð ÑððÐðó ×ðèôÃð-¨ôî¶ `the water (level) in the river has gone
³ð¾ ±ðÚðð èø down a great deal`. ¨îð÷ýá prrefixed to a numeral denotes `about, some, approximately`. (111-iii and 149). ýÃðÐð÷ Ùð÷ü =`in the meanwhile` is an Adverb of time. ¡ÑðÐð÷-¡ðÑð (109-c) may be used as an Adverb of manner and denotes `of one`s own accord, spontaneously`:
ãðè ¡ÑðÐð÷-¡ðÑð µðâðð ±ðÚðð `he went away of his own accord, ¡ðÑð-èó-¡ðÑð (App, III 5-h) is also an Adverb of manner denoting `spontaneously` or `aside`. ¡ðÑð-çð÷-¡ðÑð = `spontaneously` = ¡ÑðÐð÷ ¡ðÑð [109 (c) and App.III 5 (h)]. ©Úðð is used adverbially in several senses, for which see ©Úðð is also used as Adverb expressing emphatic negation:
ãðè ¡ðÇÙðó ©Úðð èø, Üðêðçð èø `call him a man? he is a demon`;
×ðµµðð ©Úðð èø, ±ðôâðð×ð ¨îð Òõîâð èø `it`s not a child, it`s a rose.`
ãðè ÇðøÀÿÃðð ©Úðð èø, £ÀÿÃðð èø `dose he run? he flies!`
ÃðôÙð Ùðô«îÇÙð÷ Ùð÷ü ©Úðð ¸ðóÃðð÷±ð÷ `you will win the case? impossible! See :-The pair ©Úðð ....©Úðð ©Úðð-©Úðð `which things?`, `what things?`:
Øððýá ×ððºððÜ çð÷ ©Úðð-©Úðð âðð¦ èøü ? `what things has brother brought of situation, usually for the worse. is also adverbial (conjunctive) in sense.for ¨ôî¶....¨ôî¶ as an Adverb, see:- ¨ôî¶.....¨ôî¶ `some....some` [Conjunctive. [See ÑðÜ ëðÐÃðô, ò¨îÐÃðô, Ùð±ðÜ or âð÷ò¨îÐð `but`, ÑßÃÚðôÃð or ×ðòâ¨î `but also, besides, but, on the other hand`;
ÙðøüÐð÷ ¡ðÑð ¨îð ¨ôî¶ ò×ð±ððÀð Ððèóü, ÑßÃÚðôÃð (×ðòâ¨î) Øðâðð èó ò¨îÚðð èø
`I have done no charm to you; on the other hand, I have rendered you a service`.
×ðÜÐð `but` is now obsolete.]:
Adverbs other than the pronominal may also be divided into various groups. Some of these are Adjectives used as Adverbs:
Ùðøü Æðð÷Àÿð (¨ôî¶) ÀÜð `I felt a little afraid`,
ãðè ×ðèôÃð Üð÷ýá `she cried a great deal`.
Others are Nouns+some case-sings used adverbially:
Ùðøü ×ðÀÿó ¨îò¿Ðððýá çð÷ ãðèðû Ñðèôûµð ÑððÚðð `I could reach there with great difficulty`.
Still others are formed from Verbs:
Ùðøü ÇðøÀÿÃð÷-ÇðøÀÿÃð÷ Æð¨î ±ðÚðð `I got tired while running`. (241-c--242-c); while a large number are `original` Adverbs are:
Some of the Adjectives used as adverbs are:
Æðð÷Àÿó `a little`, ×ðèôÃð `much, very. agreat deal`,
Æðð÷Àÿð-×ðèôÃð `to some extent`, ¡µ¶ð `well`,
×ðôÜð `ill`, Ñðèâð÷ ` (at) first`,
¨îÙð `less`, ÇõçðÜ÷ `secondly` etc.,
¨îÙð-çð÷-¨îÙð `at least` (App. ×ðèôÃð ¨îÙð `very little`,
III, 5-i) ¸ÚððÇð `much` etc.
ãðè ×ðèôÃð ¡µ¶ð ±ððÃðð èø `he sings very well`,
Ñðèâð÷ ¡ÑðÐðð ¨îðÙð ¨îÜð÷ `first do your work`.
(a) Nouns used as adverbs usually have the case-signs - ¨îð÷ (97-f), çð÷ (98-d), Ùð÷ü (99-b) and ÑðÜ (100-b-c):
äððÙð ¨îð÷ `in the evening`, ÏÚððÐð çð÷ `attentively`,
òÇÐð Ùð÷ü `during day`, ¡ðÐð÷ ÑðÜ `after coming` etc.
However, Nouns denoting time which is specified by an Adjective (or a word used as an Adjective), or even otherwise, are generally used with out the case-signs ¨îð÷ and Ùð÷ü (cf 97-f):
¨îâð ÜðÃð (Ùð÷ü) Ç÷Ü çð÷ âððø¾ð `last night I returned late`,
£çð òÇÐð ÃðôÙð ¨îèðû Æð÷? `where were you that day?`.
Similarly, £çð çðÙðÚð `at that time`,
ýçðó êðÂð `at this very moment, immediately`,
¦¨î òÇÐð ` (on) one day`,
£Ðð òÇÐðð÷ü `in those days` (where òÇÐðð÷ü has retained the oblique form, although Ùð÷ü has been dropped) etc.