375 — three hundred and seventy-five.
269 — two hundred and sixty-nine.
3016 — three thousand and sixteen.
7234 — seven thousand two hundred and thirty-four.
4300981 — four million three hundred thousand and eighty-one.
Fractions and decimals:
1 ¼ — one and a quarter 1.25 — one point two five
1 ½ — one and a half 1.5 — one point five
1 1/3 — one and a third 1.75 — one point seven five
1 ¾ — one and three quarters 1.33 — one point three three
Percentages:
26 % — twenty-six per cent
More than 50 % is the majority; less than 50 % is the minority
Arithmetic:
+ — addition 6 + 4 = 10 (six plus/and four equals/is ten);
– — subtraction 6 – 4 = 2 (six minus four equals/is two);
× — multiplication 6 × 4 = 24 (six times/multiplied by four equals/is twenty-four);
: — division 4 : 2 = 2 (four divided by two equals/is two).
1. Работайте c партнером. Расспросите вашего партнера о возрасте членов его семьи. Используйте следующие слова и выражения:
Ages of man:
How old are you?
I am … 17 (30, 31…, 55…) …seventeen.
I am over seventeen. I am nearly eighteen.
I am under age yet. = I am not yet eighteen.
In four month’s time I’ll come of age.
She is still in her teens (13—19). She is a teen-ager.
She is in her (early, mid, late) teens.
She is in her early thirties (i. e. between 29 and 40).
She is a middle-aged person.
She is an elderly person.
2. Работайте с партнером. Задайте ему эти вопросы, затем поменяйтесь ролями:
1. When were you born?
2. What is your height and weight?
3. What is your address?
4. What is the population of your town?
5. What is the population of Russia?
3. Заполните заявление на работу (Job application).
| Name ________________________________________________ Last First Middle Country of current citizenship______________________________ Gender Male / Female Date of birth____________________________________________ Address________________________________________________ Telephone ____________Fax ________________E-male________ Marital status (single, married, widowed, divorced) Age of children, if any ____________________________________ Date of school graduate___________________________________ Academic degrees________________________________________ Degree Date received Current position/status ________________since_______________ Previous position/status _______________since _______till_________ |
4. Прокомментируйте следующие арифметические действия:
100 × 57 = 5700; 48 : 2 = 24; 963 + 205 = 1168; 73690 – 540 = 73150.
Ten to one — it’s very likely.
One for the road — the last alcoholic drink before leaving a place.
Eat sb alive — to defeat or destroy someone easily.
The 64000 dollar / the million dollar question — a difficult but important question.
Look (like) a million dollars — looking very attractive and well.
The eleventh hour — the latest possible time you can do something.
There are: 100 years in a century / 365 days in a year / 12 months in a year / 52 weeks in a year / 7 days in a week / 2 weeks in a fortnight / 24 hours in a day / 60 minutes in an hour / 60 seconds in a minute.
Days of the week: Sunday, Monday, Tuesday, Wednesday, Thursday, Friday, Saturday.
Saturday + Sunday = the weekend
С днями недели употребляется предлог ON: I saw her on Sunday. AT — со словом weekend: I will go there at the next weekend.
Months: January, February, March, April, October, November, December (названия месяцев начинаются с большой буквы).
Seasons: spring, summer, autumn, winter
С месяцами и временами года используется предлог IN: My birthday is in December, in winter.
Мы можем говорить об отрезках времени, используя следующие выражения:
In the past people didn’t have computers.
People may travel to Mars in the future.
We’ll be with you in a moment. (a very short time)
Ann is in London at the moment. (now)
See you soon! (=in a short time)
We met recently. (= not long ago)
Годы обозначаются количественными числительными:
1800 — eighteen hundred
1907 — nineteen o seven
1966 — nineteen sixty-six
2000 — twenty hundred / two thousand
2005 — two thousand five
Слово year не употребляется после обозначения года, но может употребляться перед ним: in the year nineteen twelve.
Даты обозначаются порядковыми числительными на письме и в чтении: the eleventh of March.
1. В тексте 6 ошибок. Найдите и исправьте их:
I’m going to a party on Saturday for Tom’s birthday. His birthday is on Thursday but he wanted to have the party on the Weekend. He’s having a barbecue. I think June is a good month to have a birthday because of the weather. I love going to barbeques on the summer. My birthday is in Winter and it’s too cold to eat outside!
2. Работайте с партнером. Ответьте на вопросы:
1. What is the date of your birth?
2. What is your favorite season?
3. What is the third/the first/the last day of the week?
4. What is the last month/the first of the year?
5. Which season is the hottest?
6. Which season is the coldest?
3. Совместите даты с событиями и запишите числительные словами: 1776, 1989, 1815, 1789, 1969, 1917
1. Neil Armstrong became the first man of the Moon … .
2. The Berlin Wall, divining East and West Berlin, was destroyed … .
3. The Russian Revolution occurred and the communists took over … .
4. The Declaration of Independence was written by 13 British Colonies in America … .
5. The Bastille prison in Paris was destroyed … .
6. The Battle of Waterloo resulted in Napoleon’s final defeat … .
4. Работайте с партнером. Прочитайте текст:
The weather is a subject we can always talk about. It often changes and brings cold and heat, sunshine and rain, frost and snow. One day is often unlike the next. In summer the sun shines, often there is no wind and there are no clouds in the sky which is blue and beautiful. We can see stars and the moon at night and people like walks, outdoors games and sports in the fresh air.
When autumn comes, the days become shorter and colder. It gets dark earlier and often heavy clouds cover the sky bringing rain with them. Sometimes there is a heavy rain, so that an umbrella or a raincoat is necessary if we don’t want to get wet through. At last frost and snow come.
Fields, forests and houses are covered with snow and rivers and lakes with ice. But spring again brings sunshine and warm winds. Sometimes it snows but snow will not remain long, it will melt in the warm sun. Spring will bring bright sunshine, green grass and flowers.
We usually say: «A nice day», «Not a bad day» if the weather is fine. We can say: «It looks like rain», «It looks like snow» or «It’s bad weather» when the weather is cold.
Расспросите партнера о его любимом времени года, используя идиомы, опорные слова и выражения из текста и следующей таблицы:
| I | Favourite season | Why — some reasons |
| II | Typical weather | Raining, winding, snowing etc. typical clothes, length of days, nights. |
| III | Usual activities | Go to the sea/beach, stay at home, go for a stroll, do shopping. |
| IV | Weekends, holidays | New Year, Christmas. More presents, go out with friends, family. |
Сделайте заметки:
| QUESTIONS | ANSWERS |
| I | |
| II | |
| III | |
| IV |
Работайте с группой. Пользуясь заметками, расскажите группе о любимом времени года вашего партнера. Ответьте на вопросы группы.
An Indian summer — a period of time in autumn when the weather is warm and sunny / a happy or successful period of time when you are older or near the end of your working life
Day in, day out also week in, week out also month in, month out also year in, year out — all the time, with no variety
Many moons ago — a very long time ago.
To hell with sb / sth — I don’t care about somebody or something.
Be running out of gas — to have less energy or desire to continue than before.
| Present Perfect Continuous (have/has been + V4 (-ing)) |
| Мы используем Present Perfect Continuous |
| — для выражения действия, которое началось в прошлом и продолжается в момент речи. Мы его используем особенно тогда, когда нас интересует процессуальность действия: I’ve been waiting for a whole hour. — Я жду тебя уже час. I’ve done my homework. (the Present Perfect) — действие уже закончено. I’ve been doing my homework (the Perfect Continuous) — действие началось, но еще продолжается. |
| The Present Perfect Continuous часто используется со словами for и since: We have been waiting for him for an hour. Let’s go. We have been waiting for him since 3 o’clock. Let’s go. |
| Утвердительная форма | They have been playing football for an hour. Jane has been playing tennis for 40 minutes. |
| Вопросительная форма | How long have they been playing football? How long has Jane been playing tennis? |
| Отрицательная форма | They have not (haven’t) been playing football. Jane has not (hasn’t) been playing tennis. She’s been playing baseball. |
1. Объясните употребление Present Perfect Continuous в следующих предложениях:
1. I have been wishing to speak to you ever since you returned. 2. Jane’s been cleaning all day, and I’ve been cooking. 3. «I’ve been waiting for a chance to see you, Ralf,» he said. 4. I have been thinking of your decision since we parted. 5. Here’s the water you’ve been drinking. 6. Jane, they’ve been seeking for you for hours.
2. Раскройте скобки, употребляя Present Perfect Continuous Tense:
1. Ever since my school days I (to study) mathematics. 2. How long you (to stay) with your friends. 3. I (to learn) French for a year. 4. We (to drive) for hours and we still have not found the right road. 5. She (to have) ten driving lessons up to now. 6. Mary (to write) a novel for the last six months. 7. The British (to drink) tea since 1650. 8. They (to play) chess since 3 o’clock.
3. Прочитайте описание ситуации и напишите два предложения. В одном используйте Present Perfect, в другом — Present Perfect Continuous. Объясните, чем отличаются по смыслу эти предложения:
1. Jane wants to go out in the rain. She is looking for her umbrella.
She/look for/the umbrella/for half an hour.
She/look for/his raincoat/all over his room.
2. Ralf is washing his suit.
He/wash/it/the whole morning.
He/wash/his shirt/now.
3. Kate isn’t ready for her examination yet.
She/prepare/for it/since the beginning of the month.
She/prepare/30 questions/so far.
Back seat driver — someone who likes to give the driver of a car advice about how to drive.
Send sb packing — to make someone leave.
Clear the air — to discuss a problem to try to solve it or get rid of bad feeling.
A false alarm — something that seems about to happen, but then does not.
Make an ass of yourself — to do something which makes people think you are stupid.
| Future Simple (will/shall + V1) | Future Continuous (shall/will be + …V4 (-ing)) |
| Мы используем Future Simple | Мы используем Future Continuous |
| — для выражения ситуаций, действий, намерений в будущем People will live on the moon one day. — для выражения спонтанных решений, принятых во время разговора Are you having a party? I’ll come. — для выражения предложений, обещаний, угроз, надежд, просьб, опасений, предупреждений I’ll ring you tonight if you want. I’ll be really angry if you’re late again. | — для выражения действий, которые будут длиться в какой-то момент в будущем, и решение о них принято заранее This time next week I’ll be flying to Chicago. — для выражения прогнозируемых тенденций In 50 years’ time, people will be living on the moon. — для выражения обычных действий или ситуаций, которые произойдут при естественном ходе событий. Здесь не требуется дополнительных договоренностей I can give you a lift to the station. It’s no trouble for me — I’ll be going that way anyway. Will you be using the library this afternoon? |
| — Наречие probably используется после will, но перед won’t It will probably snow tomorrow. They probably won’t meet them tomorrow. — Shall обычно используется при предложении чего-либо, для выражения совета или предложения Shall I get dinner? | |
| Future Simple в вопросительных предложениях может звучать менее вежливо, чем Future Continuous Will you drive me to the airport? Will you be driving me to the airport? (более вежливо) | |
| Утвердительная форма | I shall (‘ll) ring you tonight | I will (‘ll) be lying on the beach this time tomorrow |
| Вопросительная форма | When will you ring me? | What will (‘ll) you be doing this time tomorrow |
| Отрицательная форма | I shall not (shan’t) ring you tonight. | I will not (won‘t) be lying on the beach this time tomorrow |
1. Раскройте скобки, используя форму Future Continuous Tense. Переведите предложения: