1. Next year he (study) at University.
2. If you come at noon, we (eat) lunch.
3. At ten o’clock tomorrow, I (have) my music lesson.
4. We (travel) in Europe this time next month.
5. Don’t call them after six. They (watch) their favorite TV program.
2. Работайте с партнером. Прочитайте следующие диалоги:
A: Will the bus arrive soon? A: Will you be ready soon?
B: Yes, it will. It’ll arrive in ten minutes. B: Yes, I will. I’ll be ready in
a few seconds.
3. Заполните пропуски в данных диалогах:
| 1. A: Will the tomatoes be ripe soon? | 2. A: Will the film begin soon? |
| B: Yes, … . … in a few weeks. | B: Yes, … . … at six o’clock. |
| A: Will Mary get out of the hospital soon? | A: Will Mr. Brown be home soon? |
| B: Yes, … . … in three days. | B: Yes, … . … in a little while. |
4. Работайте с партнером. Прочитайте следующие диалоги:
1. A: Will Alice and Mary stay in London next month?
B: No, they won’t. They are going to Paris.
2. A: Will Tom arrive from Moscow next week?
B: No, he won’t. He is going to stay in Madrid for another two weeks.
3. A: Will you fly to London tomorrow?
B: No, I won’t. I am going to fly to Geneva.
4. A: Will Mary come back next year?
B: No, she won’t. She is going to work in Bombay till next spring.
5. Работайте с партнером. Составьте свои диалоги по образцу из упр. 4, используя данные слова и выражения. Драматизируйте их:
Bill, come out of prison; Mary, marry John; Jack, stay with his wife; you, cook dinner; your husband, take the children from school.
Miss the boat also miss the bus — to fail to take an opportunity.
Take a bath — to lose a lot of money in business.
Go for a Burton — to be destroyed or killed.
Do your level best — to try as hard as you can.
Mum’s the word — don’t tell anyone about this.
Lesson 17
Этот оборот используется, чтобы сказать о будущих действиях в следующих ситуациях:
— сказать о своих намерениях и планах: I’m going to phone her tomorrow. I told you I am going to wash up.
— сделать прогноз, особенно когда есть очевидные основания: The sky is gray — I think it is going to rain. It is eight o’clock — Are you going to be late again? Look! That building is going to collapse soon.
Отрицательная форма образуется при помощи not: I am not going to see her today.
Употребление оборота be going to возможно в прошедшем времени:
I am going to see you. — I was going to see you.
John is going to meet me. — John was not going to meet me.
Are you going to see me? — Yes, I am.
Were you going to see me? — Yes, I was.
Why is John going to meet me? — Why was John going to meet me?
1. Поставьте глагол в правильную грамматическую форму (will или to be going to), объясните ее употребление:
Model: — I have a terrible headache.
— Have you? Wait for a moment there and I will get an aspirin for you.
1. A: Why are you filling that bucket with water?
B: I … (water) the plants.
2. A: What shall we have for supper?
B: I don’t know. I can’t make up my mind.
A: Come on, hurry up! Make a decision! I’m hungry.
B: Ok then. We … (have) chicken.
3. A: I want to re-paint the walls in my house.
B: Oh, really? What colour … (you/paint) them?
4. A: Where are you going? Are you going shopping?
B: Yes, I … (buy) something to present my wife with.
5. A: We need some jam for lunch.
B: I … (get) some. Do you want anything from the shop?
6. A: Look! There’s smoke coming out of the kitchen. It’s on fire!
B: Good heavens! I … (call) the fire-brigade at once.
2. Соедините обе части предложений по смыслу, используя союз because:
Model: I am going to save money because I spend too much.
| 1. I am going to save money. 2. I am going to see my friends more often. 3. I am going to change my job. 4. We are going to travel around Europe. 5. We are going to have French lessons. 6. I am going to spend more time with my parents. 7. We are going to invite more friends for dinner. 8. I am going to get fit. 9. I am not going to take work home. 10. We are going to move. | a) We don’t speak any foreign languages b) We don’t entertain very much c) I hate my work d) I stay at home all the time e) We always stay in Britain for our holiday f) Our house is too small g) I never see my family h) I want to spend more time with my children i) I spend too much j) I don’t take enough exercise |
2. Работайте с партнером. Расспросите партнера о том, что он собирается делать в выходные, используя идиомы, опорные слова и выражения из следующей таблицы:
| I | Typical activities | get up late, do some housework, play football, have a meal out, read newspapers and magazines, watch television, go for a walk. |
| II | Favourite activities | Go for a work, work in the garden, meet some friends and relatives, do fishing/hunting, play with children, cook. |
Сделайте заметки:
| Questions | Answers |
| I | |
| II |
Работайте с группой. Пользуясь заметками, расскажите группе о том, что ваш партнер собирается делать в выходные. Ответьте на вопросы группы.
Call of nature — going to the toilet.
Go Dutch (with sb) — to share the cost of a meal, film etc. with someone.
Be a paper tiger — to appear to be a lot more powerful than you really are.
Hold the purse strings — to control the money in a family, business etc.
No great snakes — not very good.
Lesson 18
Modal verbs обозначают отношение к действию, т. е. возможность, вероятность, необходимость его совершения. Модальных глаголов десять: can, could, shall, should, may, might, will, would, must, ought to.
Модальные глаголы имеют следующие особенности:
1. В третьем лице, единственном числе не присоединяют окончание -s:
× The boy cans swim.
√ The boy can swim.
2. К модальным глаголам присоединяется инфинитив смыслового глагола без to (bare infinitive), за исключением ought:
× You should to go home early.
× You ought go home early.
√ You should go home early.
√ You ought to go home early.
√ The boy can swim.
√ You should go home early.
√ You ought to go home early — исключение.
3. В вопросительном предложении модальный глагол ставится перед подлежащим: Must I go to bed now?
4. В отрицательном предложении к нему добавляется not или n’t: I cannot swim. You mustn’t tell lies.
Вопросительная форма: Must I do the ironing right now? Can you speak French?
Отрицательная форма: I can not (can’t) swim. You must not (mustn’t) tell lies.
5. Обычно модальные глаголы не образуют форм Past Simple, за исключением may (might), can (could):
— Why didn’t you come to Mary’s party yesterday?
— I couldn’t. I had to stay with my mother.
6. Нельзя использовать один модальный глагол после другого:
× She must can do it.
√ She must be able to do it.
× You will can go.
√ You will be able to go.
Выражение долженствования, обязанности, необходимости
| Глагол | Значение | В настоящем (Present) | В прошлом (Past) |
| must should ought to must need needn’t (don’t need to ) | обязанность, приказ, совет необходимость отсутствие необходимости | You must smoke less. You mustn’t take my things. You should wear a white dress. He ought to apologise. They must have clean water. I need more information. We needn’t book in advance. We don’t need to book in advance. | You should have smoked less. You shouldn’t have taken my things. You should have worn a white dress. He ought to have apologised. They had to have clean water. I needed more information. We needn’t have booked in advance. We didn’t need to book in advance. |
В вопросительном предложении must имеет значение «обязательно ли должен». Часто в вопросе выражается коннотативное значение раздражения, нежелания выполнить действие: Must we do it ourselves? (Мы обязательно должны это делать сами?)
Выражение умения, способности, возможности
производить действие и разрешения
| Глагол | Значение | В настоящем (Present) | В прошлом (Past) |
| can cannot/can’t can may cannot/ can’t may not | способность, умение неспособность разрешение запрещение | She can play the gitar. He can’t speak French. You can park here. Visitors may use the car park. You can’t park here. Visitors may not use the car park. | She could play the gitar when he was ten. He could speak French well at school. We could park here. Visitors could use the car park. We couldn’t park here. Visitors could not use the car park. |
Could — в выражении вежливой просьбы: Could you help me, please?
| REMEMBER Английская речь ритмична. Важна смена ударения и безударности. В утвердительной форме модальные глаголы не подвергаются ударению. В краткой вопросительной и отрицательной форме они ударные. ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ Can you skate? — No, I can’t. I can’t skate, but I can ski. ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ You can drive, can’t you? / Can you drive? Yes, I can. / No, I can’t (cannot). ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ Your son can write, can’t he? / Can your son write? Yes, he can. / No, he can’t (cannot). |
Выражение предположения, вероятности, возможности