1. A: I saw you yesterday, but you didn’t see me.
B: Really? When?
A: At about 3:15. You were getting out of a police car.
B: That wasn’t me. Yesterday at 3:15 I was cooking dinner.
A: Hmm. I guess I made a mistake.
2. A: I saw you yesterday, but you didn’t see me.
B: Really? When?
A: At about 10:30. You were riding your bicycle along Main Street.
B: That wasn’t me. Yesterday at 10:30 I was watching TV.
A: Hmm. I guess I made a mistake.
2. Работайте с партнером. Составьте собственные диалоги, используя данные слова:
Getting out of a taxi — sleeping, walking out of the shop — cleaning my apartment, jogging through the park — fixing my car, getting on a bus — playing table-tennis.
4. Поставьте глагол в скобках в правильную грамматическую форму (Past Simple или Past Continuous):
1. He (have) an accident because he (drive) too fast.
2. We (not/drink) anything because we (not/be) thirsty.
3. Somebody (knock) at the door when Bob (have a shower).
4. Barbara (not/waste) much time reading love stories because she (not/be) interested in them.
5. While we (wait) for the bus Mary (buy) some newspapers at the news-stall.
6. I (see) a nice dress in the shop when I (come) to my parents yesterday.
5. Выразите свое несогласие со следующими утверждениями, используя информацию в скобках:
Model: I think John was reading a magazine while waiting for his wife. (do a crossword)
No, he wasn’t. He was doing a crossword.
I believe Jack was talking to that pretty girl when you come. (to his mother)
No, he wasn’t. …
I suppose they were still dancing when he returned. (leave the house)
No, they weren’t. …
I think Jane was looking at Fred when Tom saw her. (the other way)
No, she wasn’t. Jane … .
6. Работайте с партнером. Представьте, что ваш друг только что приехал из отпуска.
Расспросите его о том, как он провел отпуск, используя идиомы, опорные слова и выражения из следующей таблицы:
| I | Transport | Travel/go … by air, sea, rail; by car, taxi, bus; by public transport; on foot |
| II | Accommodation | Stay in a/an… hotel, self-catering flat, motel, camp, cabin, cottage |
| III | Weather | Sunny, warm, fine, dry, wet, hot, windy; heat wave, thunderstorm, breeze; all the time; several days |
| IV | Activities | Have a good holiday, swim in the sea, go to the beach, go to the disco, make some new friends, go sightseeing |
Сделайте заметки:
| QUESTIONS | ANSWERS |
| I | |
| II | |
| III | |
| IV |
Работайте с группой. Пользуясь заметками, расскажите группе о том, как ваш партнер провел отпуск. Ответьте на вопросы группы.
Fly-by-night — selling for quick profit then disappearing; a swindler or unreliable person.
Dutch treat — each person pays for his or her own food and entertainment.
Can’t fight city hall — an ordinary person cannot win a struggle against an administrative system.
Better half — either partner in marriage.
At the end of sb rope — at the limit of sb ability, endurance, or patience to do sth.
| Past Perfect (had + V3 (-ed)) | Past Perfect Continuous (had been + V4 (-ing)) |
| Мы используем Past Perfect | Мы используем Past Perfect Continuous |
| — для выражения действия, которые закончились до какого-либо момента в прошлом, обозначенного другим действием или указанием времени: By midnight, all the guests had left. | — для выражения действия, которое длилось до какого-то момента в прошлом They had been climbing for five hours before they reached the top of the mountain. I had been feeling sleepy all day so I went to bed early. |
| Утвердительная форма | My brothers had already gone to bed by the time I got home. | We had been driving for five hours before we reached the town. |
| Вопросительная форма | Had your brothers already gone to bed by the time you got home? | Had we been driving for five hours before we reached the town? |
| Отрицательная форма | My brothers hadn’t (had not) gone to bed by the time I got home. | We hadn’t (had not) been driving for five hours before we reached the town. |
1. Соедините обе части предложений по смыслу:
| 1. Fleming was studying influenza | a) while he was sitting under an apple tree |
| 2. Columbus discovered America | b) when he discovered penicillin |
| 3. Hillary and Tenzing reached the top of Everest | c) though at first he believed he had reached Asia |
| 4. Scott reached the South Pole in 1912 | d) after they had been climbing for several days |
| 5. Newton made his great discovery | e) but Amundsen had beaten him by month |
2. Соедините два предложения в одно, следуя модели:
Model: I expected the letter several days. Then the postman brought it to me.
I had been expecting the letter several days before the postman brought it to me.
1. The scientists conducted the research for many years. Then they achieved satisfactory results.
The scientists … before … .
2. He stayed in the hotel for two weeks. Then I arrived.
He … before … .
3. The students wrote the test paper. Then I came.
The students … when … .
4. They drove in the car for many hours. Then they came to the crossroads.
They … before … .
3. Составьте предложения, используя слова в скобках:
Model: When I came to Moscow, I telephoned a friend of mine but I could only speak to her sister. (She/already/leave/for her office) She had already left for her office.
1. When I rang them up, they were at home. (They/already/return/from the market)
2. I began to look for his address in my notebook but I could not find it. (I/not/write it down)
3. They discussed this question for two hours. (However/they/not come to a definite conclusion)
All thumbs — awkward and clumsy, especially with the hands.
Bleeding heart — an extremely softhearted person who feels compassion or pity towards all people, including those who may not deserve sympathy.
Busy as a beaver — working very hard; extremely industrious.
Catch someone red-handed — to catch someone in the act of doing sth wrong.
Keep a stiff upper lip — to be brave and not show emotion in a time of trouble.
| Future Perfect (will have + V3 (-ed)) | Future Perfect Continuous (will have been + V4 (-ing)) |
| Мы используем Future Perfect | Мы используем Future Perfect Continuous |
| — для выражения действия, которое закончится к определенному моменту в будущем When I finish this book it means I will have read all of her books. | — для выражения действия, начавшегося до определенного момента в будущем и продолжающегося в течение известного периода вплоть до этого момента. By next June he will have been living here for ten years. |
| Утвердительная форма | I will have finished my homework by 6 o’clock. | By the 1st of May I shall have been reading this book for a fortnight. |
| Вопросительная форма | Will you have finished my homework by 6 o’clock? | Shall you have been reading this book for a fortnight by the 1st of May? |
| Отрицательная форма | I won’t (will not) have finished my homework by 6 o’clock. | By the 1st of May I shan’t (shall not) have been reading this book for a fortnight. |
Форма the Future Perfect Continuous Tense является книжной и употребляется редко и, главным образом, в письменной речи.
1. Закончите предложения, используя слова из списка, и переведите их:
be, finish, sleep, fly
1. I … in London for ten years by next June.
2. By Friday, I … this book.
3. Wake me up by nine o’clock. — I … long enough by then.
4. It’s strange that when we get to Sydney, we … half way round the world.
2. Раскройте скобки, используя форму Future Perfect, и переведите предложения:
1. I am sure they (complete) the new road by August.
2. By the time next year you (forget) all your troubles.
3. If you don’t make note of that appointment, you (forget) it by the next week.
4. By the time you arrive, I (finish) reading your magazine.
5. A century from now, wars, I hope (become) a thing of the past.
3. Составьте вопросительные предложения из следующих слов и выражений. Используйте форму Future Perfect или Future Perfect Continuous:
scientists / discover how to prolong human life by the middle of this century,
we / manage to contact life in another galaxy by the year 2050,
when the project is completed / they / work on it for five whole years,
robots / take over the world in a hundred years from now.
4. Напишите о себе небольшое эссе на тему «By the time I am 50».
Model: «I shall have married twice … I shall have finished the University ... I shall have worked for 30 years for a firm …»
Kill two birds with one stone — to do two things by one action; to get two results with just one effort.
Like two peas in a pod — identical; alike in looks and behavior.
Head in a clouds — absent-minded; daydreaming; lost in thought.
Footloose and fancy-free — not attached to anyone; not involved with anyone romantically; free.
On the cuff — on credit; to be paid later.
The Gerund (Герундий) — это неличная форма глагола, выражающая действие как процесс, но не имеющая категории лица, числа, наклонения. Он никогда не выступает в роли простого сказуемого и выражает время по отношению к моменту действия, выраженного в личной форме, одновременное или предшествующее. Герундий сочетает свойства глагола и существительного, выполняет в предложении синтаксические функции существительного.
Формы герундия
| Active Passive |
| Indefinite translating being translated Perfect having translated having been translated |
Герундий, как глагол
— может определяться наречием и иметь при себе прямое дополнение: I made a good progress in speaking your language;
как существительное
— выполняет в предложении функции существительного, являясь подлежащим (Dancing has already begun), дополнением (I don’t remember hearing this tale before), обстоятельством (She walked on without turning her head), определением (Don’t miss the opportunity of seeing this actor), частью сказуемого (In the night it started raining);