· с существительными breakfast, lunch, dinner, supper, если они обозначают прием пищи: When did you have dinner? (Но: The dinner we had today was delicious).
· с названиями языков, если за ними не следует слово language: We speak English. (Но: The English language).
· с названиями транспорта: by bus, by car, by train, by plain.
1 Заполните пропуски в предложениях. Вставьте a / the / no article:
The wife of the President of the USA is known as … First Lady.
… largest ocean in the world is the Pacific Ocean.
The weather tomorrow will be … same as today.
… Hong Kong used to be part of the British Empire.
2. Работайте с партнером. Из текста изъято 7 артиклей. Восстановите их:
Spanish is one of the most widely spoken languages in world. It is spoken all over South America except Brazil. Like Italian and Portuguese, Spanish language is related to Latin. Recent report stated that number of Spanish speakers in United States of America will be higher than the number of English speakers by year 2090. As result, nearly all North American schools teach Spanish. The language with most speakers in the world is Mandarin Chinese.
3. Прочитайте диалоги, обратите внимание на употребление артикля:
— What is his job?
— He is a policeman.
— What’s her job?
— She is a nurse.
— What is his job?
— He is a/an … .
— What is … job?
— I am a/an ... .
4. Работайте с партнером. Составьте и драматизируйте несколько диалогов, используя названия различных профессий:
An architect, a mechanic, a barber (парикмахер), a postman, a plumper, a cashier, a doctor, a ballet-dancer, a driver, a teacher, an artist, an actor, an actress, a waiter, a waitress, a headmaster, a businessman.
5. Работайте с партнером. Составьте диалоги по образцу, объясните использование нулевого артикля перед существительными:
Model: — Where is Jim?
— He is in prison.
Mary / in hospital; Jack / at work; Ron and Jane / at school; Bob / in bed.
A/the big cheese also a/the big wheel — an important or powerful person.
A snake in the grass — someone who pretends to be your friend but does something to harm you.
A basket case — a person or organization that cannot deal with their problems.
Bright-eyed and bushy-tailed — full of energy and ready to start doing something.
In business — ready to start an activity.
| I (я) | am | a student |
| You ( ты, вы) | are | a student students |
| He (он) She (она) | is is | a student a student |
| We (мы) | are | students |
| They (они) | are | students |
| Am | I | a student? |
| Are | you | a student? students? |
| Is Is | he she | a student? a student? |
| Are | we | students? |
| Are | they | students? |
| I You He She They We | am are is is are are | (not) | a driver a doctor a student a teacher a artist a plumper |
| Am Are Is Is Are Are | I you he she they we | a driver? a doctor? a student? a teacher? a artist? a plumper? | |
Dialogue:
— Are you a student? — Yes, I am. / No, I’m not.
— Is he a student? — Yes, he is. / No, he isn’t.
— Are you students? — Yes, we are. / No, we aren’t.
Countries, capitals, languages and nationalities
| Countries | Capitals | Languages | Nationalities |
| Bulgaria Czechia Cuba Germany Poland Austria Belgium Canada Denmark Finland France Great Britain Greece The Netherlands India Italy Japan Norway Spain Sweden The United States of America the Ukraine Byelorussia Georgia | Sofia Prague Havana Boon Warsaw Vienna Brussels Ottawa Copenhagen Helsinki Paris London Athens Amsterdam Delhi Rome Tokyo Oslo Madrid Stockholm Washington Kiev Minsk Tbilisi | Bulgarian Czech(ish) Spanish German Polish German Flemish French/English Danish Finnish French English Greek Dutch Hindi Italian Japanese Norwegian Spanish Swedish English Ukrainian Byelorussian Georgian | the Bulgarians (a Bulgarian) the Czechs (a Czech) the Cubans (a Cuban) the Germans (a German) the Poles (a Pole) the Austrians (an Austrian) the Belgians (a Belgian) the Canadians (a Canadian) the Danes (a Dane) the Finns (a Finn) the French (a Frenchman/woman) the English (an Englishman/woman) the Greeks (a Greek) the Dutch (a Dutch man/woman) the Indians (an Indian) the Italians (an Italian) the Japanese (a Japanese) the Norwegians (a Norwegian) the Spanish (a Spaniard) the Swedes (a Swede) the Americans (an American) the Ukrainians (a Ukrainian) the Byelorussians ( a Byelorussian) the Georgians (a Georgian) |
1. Выделите суффиксы, с помощью которых образованы существительные, обозначающие национальность: a Brasilian
Russian, British, Italian, Spanish, Japanese, Chinese, German, French, Mexican, Australian, American.
2. Работайте с партнером. Прочитайте следующие диалоги:
1. — Where are you from? – I am (I’m) from Italy.
— What nationality are you? – I’m an Italian.
2. — Where is he from? He is from Poland.
— What nationality is he? Is he a Pole?
— He is not (isn’t) a Pole, he is a Frenchman.
3. — Excuse me, what country are you from?
— I am from Germany.
— Do you live in Bonn?
— No, I don’t. I live in a small town in the North of Germany.
4. — Let me introduce you to Lucy. Lucy is from Paris, France. She is a Frenchwoman.
— By the way, do you speak French?
— I am afraid, I don’t. I speak only English and Spanish. As for me, I am from Great Britain. But I’m not an Englishman. I’m a Spaniard.
— Nice to meet you.
— The pleasure is mine.
3. Работайте с партнером. Составьте свои диалоги по образцам из упр. 2, используя данные слова и слова из Active Vocabulary:
You/from/Japan/nationality/Japanese/English.
Your friends/country/from/Austria/live/Vienna/no/small town.
Let me introduce/Maria/the USA/speak/English.
Let me introduce myself/Russia/not Russian/a Pole.
4. Работайте с партнером. Спросите своего партнера: из какой он/она страны, на каком языке говорит, кто он/она по национальности, кем работает.
Down under — in or to Australia or New Zealand.
Be on edge — to be nervous.
Be on the breadline also live on the breadline — to be very poor.
Be an item — to be having a romantic relationship.
Be in a bad way — to be ill, very upset, or in a bad situation.
Lesson 5
В английском языке просьба, приказ, побуждение к действию выражаются следующим образом. Предложение начинается с глагола-сказуемого в форме инфинитива без to: Close the door. Open the window.
Отрицательная форма образуется с помощью don’t: Don’t open the window.
Если действие планируется совместно с говорящим: Let’s do it together.
1. Измените предложения, согласно модели:
Model: Stand up, please. — Don’t stand up.
Put the bag on the table. Answer this question. Take your shoes off before the door. Sing your favorite song. Learn this poem by heart. Pay the tax for your house. Listen to me.
2. Работайте с партнером. Предложите ему сделать что-либо совместно, используя следующие глаголы:
Go for a walk, buy that magazine, have a cup of tea, catch (take) a taxi, speak English, wash the dishes.
3. Работайте с партнером. Прочитайте следующие диалоги и подчеркните в них императивы (глаголы в повелительном наклонении):
1. A: Jane, give me the book, please.
B: Which book? That one?
A: No, the red one.
B: This one?
A: Right.
B: Here you are.
A: Thank you.
2. B: Hello, Bessie.
A: Hi, Mom.
B: Come in and have your dinner.
A: Thanks, Mom.
B: I want you to do some things after dinner.
A: Sure, just tell me what to do.
B: Clean your room, please. Open the window and air the room. Then make the bed. Dust the dressing-table. Then sweep the floor.
A: Ugh. All right, Mom.
4. Работайте с партнером. Разыграйте данную ситуацию по ролям, используя различные предметы:
— Give me a …, please.
— Which … ? That one?
— No, not that one. The … one.
— This one?
— Right.
— Here you are.
— Thank you.
5. Переведите с русского языка на английский, пользуясь словарем:
1. Прибери свою комнату. 2. Прочитай эту книгу. 3. Переведите этот текст, пожалуйста. 4. Напиши письмо маме. 5. Давайте споем. 6. Здравствуйте, входите и садитесь, пожалуйста. 7. Расскажите мне о своей работе. 8. Не слушай его. 9. Молчи. 10. Пойдем погуляем.
Search me! — I don’t know the answer.
Be a devil! — do something brave!
Now you’re talking — I think your suggestion is very good.
Get this! — listen to this.
On your bike! — go away!
There are / There is — обстоятельственный оборот, который указывает на местонахождение лица или предмета в определенном месте. Эта конструкция употребляется, когда мы сообщаем слушающему о предметах или лицах, неизвестных ему. Сравните:
Where is my pen? — The pen is in the bag. (Я спрашиваю конкретно о своей ручке.)
What is there in the bag? — There is a pen in the bag. (Я не знаю, что находится в сумке.)
На русский язык эту конструкцию переводят «есть», «имеется», «находится», «существует» или вообще не переводят.
There are ten universities in the city. — В нашем городе (есть) десять университетов.
| Present | Past | Future |
| There is a car in the garage. There is not a car in the garage. Is there a car in the garage? | There was a car in the garage. There was not a car in the garage. Was there a car in the garage? | There will be a car in the garage. There will not be a car in the garage. Will there be a car in the garage? |
Если в предложении несколько подлежащих, то глагол to be согласуется по числу с первым из них: There are two chairs, a table and a sofa in the room. There is a sofa, a table and two chairs in the room.
1. Работайте с партнером. Прочитайте следующие диалоги:
1. A: Excuse me. Is there a supermarket in this neighborhood?
B: Yes, there is. There’s a supermarket on Main Street, across from the park..