3) “There is no place like home” – the English say.
5. Перепишите следующие предложения, определите в них видовременные формы глаголов и укажите их инфинитив; переведите предложения на русский язык (см. образец выполнения 3).
1) The English are a nation of stay-at-home.
2) The Greeks were pioneers in the theatre.
3) The government gives financial help in the form of a pension but in the future it will be more and more difficult for the nation economy to support the increasing number of elderly.
6. Прочитайте и устно переведите на русский язык 1-3 абзацы текста. Перепишите и письменно переведите 1 и 2 абзацы.
WHO ARE THE BRITISH
1. Most people are English, Scottish or Welsh, but in some British cities you can meet people of many different nationalities. But is Britain a cosmopolitan society? It really depends on where you go. In 1991 5.5 per cent of the 57 million population described themselves as belonging to an ethnic minority. Most members of ethnic minorities live in the South – East. In Greater London, they represent 20 per cent of the population.
2. People have been coming to Britain for centuries: some to get a better life, some to escape natural disasters, some as political or religious refugees. Many Irish people came to England in 1845 to escape famine1, but usually they came to find work. Most of the roads, railways and canals built in the nineteenth century were made by Irish workers.
3. The greatest wave of immigration was in the 1950’s and 1960’s. This happened not only in Britain but also throughout Western Europe. Many companies needed people for unskilled or semi–skilled jobs. Britain advertised2 particularly in the English – speaking islands of the Caribbean, for2 people to come to Britain and work. Other people came from Pakistan, Bangladesh, India and Hong Kong.
4. The number of people asking to settle in Britain is rising, but Britain, since 1971, has reduced the number of people (coming from outside Europe) which it allows to stay. Many people in Britain, in spite of anti – racist – laws, blame unemployment and poor housing3 on “immigrants”.
Пояснения к тексту:
1. зд. – не умереть с голода
2. зд. – приглашать через рекламу
3. зд. – плохое жилье
7. Прочитайте 4-й абзац и вопрос к нему. Из приведенных вариантов ответа укажите номер предложения, содержащего правильный ответ на поставленный вопрос:
Why has Britain reduced the number of people coming from outside Europe which it allows to stay?
1) … because of unemployment.
2) … because of unemployment and poor housing.
Вариант 3
1. Перепишите следующие предложения. Определите по грамматическим признакам, какой частью речи являются слова, оформленные окончанием – s, и какую функцию это окончание выполняет, т.е. служит ли оно:
а) показателем 3-го лица единственного числа глагола в Present Simple;
б) признаком множественного числа имени существительного;
в) показателем притяжательного падежа имени существительного (см. образец выполнения 1).
Переведите предложения на русский язык.
1) The rooms upstairs are bedrooms; they are often very small.
2) The front door, which faces the street opens into a hall with two rooms, one on each side of the hall.
3) The British people are the world’s greatest tea drinkers.
2. Перепишите следующие предложения и переведите их, обращая внимание на особенности перевода на русский язык определений, выраженных именем существительным (см. образец выполнения 2).
1) Motorcar manufactures, for example, advertise the colour of their cars as “Embassy Black” or “Balmoral Stone”.
2) Most people in Britain work a five-day week, from Monday to Friday.
3) England is the land of brick fences and stone walls (often with glass embedded along the top).
3. Перепишите следующие предложения, содержащие разные формы сравнения, и переведите их на русский язык.
1) The traditional opinion about the British, or the English in earlier centuries, was based on the habits of those Britons who could afford to travel, the diplomats and merchants.
2) The British look on foreigners in general with contempt and think that nothing is as well done elsewhere as in their own country.
3) Much leisure time is spent in individualistic pursuits (занятие), of which the most popular is gardening.
4. Перепишите и письменно переведите предложения на русский язык, обращая внимание на перевод неопределенных и отрицательных местоимений.
1) Why do some British people tend to regard their own community as the centre of the world?
2) Many British people give their suburban house a name, such as the Cedars, the Poplars,even though there are no trees in their gardens.
3) Englishmen are hostile, or at least bored, when they hear any suggestion that some modification of their habits might be to their advantage.
5. Перепишите следующие предложения, определите в них видовременные формы глаголов и укажите их инфинитив; переведите предложения на русский язык (см. образец выполнения 3).
1) Snobbery is not so common in England today as it was at the beginning of the century.
2) In 1963 Britain joined the Common Market.
3) To most people the name of Scotland Yard brings to mind the picture of a detectivecool, collected, efficient, ready to track down any criminal with complete confidence that he will bring him to justice.
6. Прочитайте и устно переведите на русский язык 1-5 абзацы текста. Перепишите и письменно переведите их.
BRITISH HOMES
1. About 80 per cent of British people live in houses built close together. Detached houses are usually in expensive suburbs, quite far from the town centre. Terraced houses and blocks of flats are mostly found in town centers. They can either be very small two-storey houses with one or two bedrooms or large houses with three or five floors and four or five bedrooms.
2. About 67 per cent of people in Britain own their houses or flats. Most of the rest live in rented accommodation. People in Britain buy houses or flats because there is not enough rented accommodation and what there is can be expensive.
3. Council flats1 and houses are built and owned by the local council. After the Second World War a lot of council flats, known as tower blocks, were constructed. Some were as high as 20 storeys and so badly built that they had to be pulled down only thirty years later.
4. Modern housing estates2 are built differently now. There might be a mixture of two-storey terraced houses together with a four-storey block of flats. There are play areas for children and there is often a community centre3 where people who live on the estate can meet.
5. Since 1980’s council tenants have been able4 to buy their own homes very cheaply if they have lived in them for over two years. By 1993, 1,5 million council houses had been sold, but only 5000 council houses or flats were built to replace them. This means that it is now very difficult to find cheap housing or rent.
6. Most British houses have a garden and many British people spend a lot of time in it. Most gardens, even small ones, have flowers and a lawn. If you don’t have a garden, it is possible to grow flowers and vegetables on at allotment5 which is a piece of land rented from the local council.
Пояснения к тексту:
1. муниципальное жилье
2. микрорайон
3. центр общения
4. зд. – жители могут
5. зд. – участок
7. Прочитайте 6-й абзац и письменно ответьте на вопрос:
Where can British people grow flowers if they have no gardens?
Вариант 4
1. Перепишите следующие предложения. Определите по грамматическим признакам, какой частью речи являются слова, оформленные окончанием – s и какую функцию это окончание выполняет, т.е. служит ли оно:
а) показателем 3-го лица единственного числа глагола в Present Simple;
б) признаком множественного числа имени существительного;
в) показателем притяжательного падежа имени существительного (см. образец выполнения 1).
Переведите предложения на русский язык.
1) Many outstanding statesmen, painters, writers and poets are buried in the Abbey.
2) Many visitors to the Abbey are attracted to Poets’ Corner.
3) The street called Whitehall stretches from Parliament Square to Trafalgar Square.
2. Перепишите следующие предложения и переведите их, обращая внимание на особенности перевода на русский язык определений, выраженных именем существительным (см. образец выполнения 2).
1) Scotland Yard is situated on the Thames Embankment close to the Houses of Parliament and the familiar clock tower of Big Ben.
2) An interesting branch of Scotland Yard is the branch of Police Dogs, first used as an experiment in 1938.
3) The popular nickname of the London policeman “bobby” is a tribute to Sir Robert Peel, who introduced the police force in 1829, and whose Christian name attached itself to members of the force.
3. Перепишите следующие предложения, содержащие разные формы сравнения, и переведите их на русский язык.
1) Most museums of London are free and give free guided tours as well as lectures.
2) Some cinemas are cheaper on Mondays; others sell half-price tickets before 6 p.m.
3) The Cutty Sark1 at the village of Greenwich on the River Thames is the most famous tea clipper in Britain.
Пояснения:
The Cutty Sark – Катти Сарк – последний из больших чайных клиперов, стоит в Гринвиче в сухом доке, открыт для публики как музей.
4. Перепишите и письменно переведите предложения на русский язык, обращая внимание на перевод неопределенных и отрицательных местоимений.
1) Some people think that the monarchy should be abolished.
2) The monarchy in Britain has no power and it costs the State a lot of money to maintain.
3) Can you give any examples borrowed from books and films characterizing the British people?
5. Перепишите следующие предложения, определите в них видо-временные формы глаголов и укажите их инфинитив; переведите предложения на русский язык (см. образец выполнения 3).
1) Everybody knows about the devotion of the English to animals.
2) You might think that marriage and the family are not so popular as they once were.
3) During the nineteenth century Britain traded all over the world.
6. Прочитайте и устно переведите на русский язык 1,2,3,4,6 абзацы текста. Перепишите и письменно переведите 1,2,3 абзацы.
LONDON
1. London is where the invading Romans first crossed the River Thames. They built a city a square mile in size, surrounded it with a wall and called it Londinium. This original site of London is now called the City of London1 and is Britain’s main financial centre.
2. The City is only a very small part of London. In the eleventh century London began to expand beyond the City walls when King Edward the Confessor2 built a huge abbey at Westminster. Even today, Westminster Abbey and the Houses of Parliament, as well as the shops, cafes, theatres and cinemas of the West End, are in the City of Westminster and not in the City of London.
3. The saying “When a man is tired of London, he is tired of life” (Dr. Johnson) is a cliche, but you can’t be bored3 in London. There are hundreds of historic buildings, galleries and museums. There are parks and street markets, over 80 theatres and even more cinemas.
4. If you want to discover London, it is best to start with a tour on a sightseeing bus. It is also fun to go on a guided walk. The walks last up to three hours.
5. The centre of London has many different areas. Each one has its own special character. Covent Garden4 in London West End, is crowded with cafes, clubs and clothes shops. Soho4 is also known for its clubs. Knightsbridge4 has a lot of exclusive and expensive shops, as well as many of the embassies. Fleet Street4 is the home of Law Courts. One part of the West End has so many Chinese shops and restaurants that is called Chinatown.
6. When you go outside the centre you find many areas which used to be small villages. The villages became part of the city when they expanded but they still managed to keep their village character. Hampstead4, the best known of the villages, is extremely expensive.
Пояснения к тексту:
1. Сити
2. король Эдвард
3. зд. – не заскучаешь
4. названия
7. Прочитайте 5-й абзац текста и письменно ответьте на вопрос:
What is called Chinatown?
Вариант 5
1. Перепишите следующие предложения. Определите по грамматическим признакам, какой частью речи являются слова, оформленные окончанием – s, и какую функцию это окончание выполняет, т.е. служит ли оно:
а) показателем 3-го лица единственного числа глагола в Present Simple;
б) признаком множественного числа имени существительного;
в) показателем притяжательного падежа имени существительного (см. образец выполнения 1).
Переведите предложения на русский язык.
1) The ceremony of the Changing of the Guard that takes place daily at eleven o’clock in the morning provokes most interest among tourists.
2) The two principal public attractions of the Royal Academy are the famous series of Winter Exhibitions and the annual Summer Exhibition.
3) The Queen’s Gallery has special exhibitions from the Royal collection and may be visited every day except Monday.
2. Перепишите следующие предложения и переведите их, обращая внимание на особенности перевода на русский язык определений, выраженных именем существительным (см. образец выполнения 2).
1) The men took hard and heavy jobs in industry, and the women took the low-paid jobs in factory canteens or restaurants.
2) The British government’s policy is that immigrants and their children should enjoy equality of opportunity in every possible way.
3) The remarkable collection of “Holmesiana2” to be seen includes revolvers, handcuffs, a police lantern, a model of han some-cab and some 19-th-century cartoons.