XX век
1. Мотивы бессмертия души в творчестве И.А. Бунина
2. Нравственные и социальные проблемы в рассказах Куприна «Олеся», «Гранатовый браслет», «Поединок».
3. Автобиографические повести М. Горького «Детство», «В людях», «Мои университеты».
4. Основные темы и мотивы поэзии Брюсова.
5. Основные темы и мотивы поэзии Бальмонта.
6. Экзотическое, фантастическое и прозаическое в поэзии Гумилева.
7. Слово в художественном мире поэзии Хлебникова. Поэтические эксперименты. Хлебников как поэт-философ.
8. Тема исторического прошлого в лирике Блока. Тема родины, тревога за судьбу России.
9. Судьба и творчество Марины Цветаевой. Своеобразие стиля поэтессы.
10. Становление жанра романа-антиутопии в 20-е годы – становление нарастающей тревоги за будущее («Мы» Е. Замятина).
11. Сатирические романы и повести И. Ильфа и Е. Петрова.
12. Патриотическая поэзия и песни Великой Отечественной войны
13. Поэзия 60-х годов. Поиски нового поэтического языка, формы, жанра в поэзии Б.Ахмадуллиной, Р.Рождественского, А.Вознесенского, Е.Евтушенко, Б.Окуджавы и др.
14. Многообразие народных характеров творчестве В. Шукшина
15. Тема родины в лирике Н. Рубцова. Гармония человека и природы. Есенинские традиции в лирике Рубцова.
Литература для подготовки
1. Агеносов. Русская литература XX в. 11класс. Учебник в 2-ух частях.
2. Архангельский. Русская литература ХIХ века. 10 класс. Учебник в 2-ух частях.
3. Журавлев В.П. Русская литература XX века 11 класс. Учебник в 2-ух частях.
4. Коровин В.И. Литература. Учебник 10 класс в 2-ух частях.
5. Курдюмова. Литература. Учебник 11 класс. Учебник в 2-ух частях.
6. Курдюмова. Литература. Учебник 10 класс.
7. Лебедев Ю.В. Литература. Учебник 10 класс в 2-ух частях.
8. Маранцман В.Г. Литература. Учебник 10 кл в 2-х частях.
9. Чалмаев В.А. Зинин. Литература. Учебник 11 класс. Учебник в 2-ух частях.
10. Инджиев А.А. Словарь литературоведческих терминов. – Ростов-на-Дону, 2007.
11. Словари литературоведческих терминов (любых авторов и годов издания).
12. Интернет-ресурсы.
Обязательный терминологический минимум
| 1. Автор. | 49. Притча. |
| 2. Акмеизм. | 50. Проза. |
| 3. Антиутопия. | 51. Пролог. |
| 4. Баллада. | 52. Прототип. |
| 5. Басня. | 53. Псевдоним. |
| 6. Белый стих. | 54. Публицистика. |
| 7. Былина, быль. | 55. Пьеса. |
| 8. Герой лирический. | 56. Развязка. |
| 9. Герой литературный. | 57. Рассказ. |
| 10. Гротеск. | 58. Рассказчик. |
| 11. Драма, драматизм. | 59. Реализм. |
| 12. Жанр литературный. | 60. Ремарка. |
| 13. Завязка. | 61. Ритм. |
| 14. Заглавие. | 62. Рифма. |
| 15. Зачин. | 63. Род литературный. |
| 16. Звукопись. | 64. Роман. |
| 17. Идея художественная. | 65. Роман в стихах. |
| 18. Импрессионизм. | 66. Романс. |
| 19. Ирония. | 67. Романтизм. |
| 20. Классицизм. | 68. Сарказм. |
| 21. Комедия. | 69. Сатира. |
| 22. Композиция. | 70. Сентиментализм. |
| 23. Конфликт. | 71. Серебряный век. |
| 24. Кульминация. | 72. Символ. |
| 25. Лейтмотив. | 73. Символизм. |
| 26. Лирика. | 74. Сказ. |
| 27. Лирическое отступление. | 75. Сказание. |
| 28. Литературоведение. | 76. Сказка. |
| 29. Литота. | 77. Сонет. |
| 30. Массовая литература. | 78. Стиль. |
| 31. Модернизм. | 79. Стихотворение. |
| 32. Мотив. | 80. Стихотворение в прозе. |
| 33. Натурализм. | 81. Сюжет. |
| 34. Образ художественный. | 82. Тема. |
| 35. Ода. | 83. Трагедия. |
| 36. Очерк. | 84. Трагикомедия. |
| 37. Памфлет. | 85. Устное народное творчество. |
| 38. Парадокс. | 86. Утопия. |
| 39. Пародия. | 87. Фантастика. |
| 40. Пафос. | 88. Футуризм. |
| 41. Повесть. | 89. Хронотоп. |
| 42. Подтекст. | 90. Экспозиция. |
| 43. Полифония. | 91. Элегия. |
| 44. Портрет. | 92. Эпиграф. |
| 45. Послание. | 93. Эпилог. |
| 46. Поэзия. | 94. Эпос. |
| 47. Поэма. | 95. Эссе. |
| 48. Поэтика. |
Примечание.
Для получения оценки «удовлетворительно» вам необходимо подготовить доклад на одну из предложенных к экзамену тем. Это задание обязательно для выполнения.
Оценки «хорошо» и «отлично» предполагают также освоение терминологического минимума по дисциплине. Преподаватель имеет право спросить определение любого литературоведческого понятия.
При условии, если студент хорошо ориентируется в терминологии, легко определяет понятия, а также допускает незначительные неточности, он вправе претендовать на оценку «отлично» (при этом его доклад также не вызвал нареканий).
Если определение нескольких (от 1 до 3) терминов вызывает затруднение, студент вправе претендовать на оценку «хорошо».
3.3. Иностранный язык
Тексты для чтения и перевода
Text 1.
The investment policy
The investment policy of a bank is based upon the reconciliation of two conflicting aims. On the one hand the bank wants to make as much profit as it can and for this reason it must take the risks of lending money. On the other hand its funds belong to its depositors and must be available whenever they wish to make withdrawals.
There are two things that the bank must therefore do. First, it must keep a proportion of its assets in the form of cash to meet demands. The amount that this needs to be varies very little from one bank to another or from one day to another and experience suggests that it is about six percent. As a cushion against unexpected demands a further proportion of funds is invested at low rates of return in highly liquid lending mostly to firms in the money and capital markets.
The second thing that the bank must do is to ensure that the investments it chooses are safe. This also means that they are relatively low yielding since high yields are associated with risk and with lending for long periods of time. Much of a bank's investment is in short and medium term government and local government bonds. They yield certain incomes and arc readily saleable should the occasion demand. Advances by a bank to its customers are the least liquid of their assets since there are few borrowers who could repay a loan at very short notice. However, they are also the most profitable of them yielding the highest rate of return. Advances to customers are likely to account for more than two thirds of the banks investment portfolio although this will vary on a day to day basis since overdrafts arc the most common form of advance and are not immediately controllable by the bank.
In general banks do not lend to industry for long periods of time or for investment projects. They regard themselves as providing working capital rather than fixed capital.
Text 2.
Accounting Principles and Concepts
An accounting system in a given country is one of the key elements of the economic system. It is determined to a significant extent by the level and direction of the economic system’s development.
The most important theoretical concept of the Anglo – American accounting may be summed up as follows: the subject of accounting is the calculation of the financial results of an economic entity’s business activity.
Accounting is used to describe the transactions entered into by all kinds of organizations.
Accounting can be divided into three phases: capture, processing and communication of financial information.
The first phase, the process of capturing financial information and recording it, is called book – keeping. Accounting extends far beyond the actual making of records. It includes their analysis and interpretation, it shows the relationship between the financial results and events, which have created them.
Accounting can show the managers or owners of a business whether or not the business is operating at a profit, whether or not the business will be able to meet the commitments as they fall due.
Accounting is based on the accounting equation, which states that a firm’s assets must equal its liabilities plus its owners’ equity.
Assets and liabilities, profits and losses are listed in financial statements. The two main types of financial statements are the balance sheet and the income statement ( profit and loss account).
The balance sheet lists a firm’s assets, liabilities and owner’s equity at a point of time.
Changes in the balance sheet are made according to the principle of double – entry book – keeping. This principle states that each transaction must be recorded on the balance sheet as two separate entries so that the totals of each side will always equal one another, and that this will always be true no matter, how many transactions are entered into.
Balance sheets are drawn up periodically: monthly, quarterly, half – yearly, annually.
There is an account for every asset, every liability and capital. Accounts can be prepared either on a cash or accrual basis. Each account should be shown on a separate page.
The double entry system divides each page into two halves. The left – hand side is called the debit side, while the right – hand side is called the credit side.
The balance sheet shows a lot of useful financial information, but it does not show everything. A firm’s sales, costs, and profits for a given period are shown in an income statement.
Text 3.
Foreign Exchange
International trade and more important international money and capital movements are the basis of foreign ex-change dealings. Take a simple example: if a Swiss exporter sells a machine to a Japanese buyer, to conclude the transaction the yen which the Japanese businessman has available will have to be changed into Swiss francs, the currency sought by the supplier of the machine. Or if Continental banks want lo place excess funds in the Eurodollar market rather than in their own domestic markets, they have to buy dollars against local currency.
All claims lo foreign currency and payable abroad, whether consisting of funds held in foreign currency with banks abroad, or bills or cheques, again in foreign currency and payable abroad, are termed foreign exchange. All these claims play a part in the relations between a hank and its customers. In the trading of foreign exchange between banks, which is the job of the foreign exchange dealer, only foreign currency held with banks abroad is concerned.
Foreign bank notes are not foreign exchange in the narrower sense. They can be converted into foreign exchange, however, provided they can be placed without restriction to the credit of an ordinary commercial account abroad. The exchange regulations of some countries do not allow this conversion of bank notes into foreign exchange, although the operation in reverse is nearly always permitted.
A currency, whether in foreign exchange or bank notes, is usually called convertible if the person holding it can convert it, in other words change it freely into any other currency. A distinction needs to be made, however, between j unrestricted convertibility and the various forms of partial convertibility. The Swiss franc, for example, is fully convertible whether the holder is resident in Switzerland or abroad and regardless of whether it is a matter of current payments or financial transactions.
Many countries, on the other hand, recognize only external or non-resident convertibility. This is for instance still the case with the United Kingdom: if a German exporter, for example, has sterling funds in a British bank, he can simply instruct the bank to convert his pounds into any other currency and remit the proceeds abroad; but a person domiciled in Britain cannot as a general rule export capital except with the consent of the Bank of England.
Exchange regulations may also draw a distinction, as far as convertibility is concerned, between funds arising from current transactions (goods and services) and those coming from purely financial operations, only the latter in general being subject in some degree to a restriction on convertibility. In a few countries this distinction between commercial and financial transactions culminated in the establishment of two-tier markets, this is the case in Belgium, and it applied temporarily to France and Italy in recent years.
Text 4.
Banks and the Foreign Exchange Market
The banks are the natural intermediary between foreign exchange supply and demand. The main task of a bank's foreign exchange department is to enable its commercial or financial customers to convert assets held in one currency into funds of another currency. This conversion can take the form of a spot transaction or a forward operation. Banking activities in the foreign exchange field tend inevitably to establish a uniform price range for a particular currency throughout the financial centres of the world. If at a given moment the market rate in one centre deviates too far from the average, a balance will soon be restored by "arbitrage", which is the process of taking advantage of price differences in different places. It can be seen that foreign exchange business acts as a very important regulator in a free monetary system.