Введение Дисциплина «Иностранный язык» (стр. 4 из 8)
6. Broadway is a place where most theatres are located. It is famous for its night clubs, cafes, restaurants, hotels and shops.
7. The United Nations Headquarter occupies a six-block area from 42nd to 48th Streets and from First Avenue to the East River. The 39-storey Secretariat Building houses offices of about 5000 persons of different nationalities who form the administrative organ of the United Nations.
II. Выпишите из абзацев 1, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 предложения со словами, имеющими окончание -s, и переведите их на русский язык.
III. Выпишите из абзацев 1, 3, 4, 7 словосочетания, в которых определения выражены существительными, и переведите их на русский язык.
IV. Выпишите из абзацев 1, 4 предложения, содержащие формы сравнения, и переведите их на русский язык.
V. Выпишите из абзацев 1, 5, 6 предложения со словами it и one и переведите их на русский язык.
VI.Прочитайте следующие предложения; перепишите и переведите письменно предложение, которое правильно передает содержание текста:
1. The United Nations Heardquarters are in Washington.
2. The United Nations Heardquarters are in New York.
Вариант 2
I. Прочитайте и устно переведите весь текст. Перепишите и письменно переведите абзацы 2, 3, 4.
Washington
1. Washington is the capital of the USA. The population of Washington is about 756 000 and together with suburbs its population is over 2 800 000.
2. The city belongs neither to the north nor to the South. Washington is humid year round because it sits between two rivers, the Potomac and Anacostia. Washington's winters are not severe, the city shares the sweaty summers of Lousiana and the windy cold of the Northwest.
3. Washington is like no other city of the USA. New York is a centre of finance, of shipping, of fun; New (Mean deals in cotton; Chicago will sell you wheat and a hundred heads of catties. But Washington's only industry is government. The White House, where the U.S. President lives and works, the Capitol, the home of the U.S. Congress, and the Supreme Court are all in Washington. The Library of Congress, the existing library, contains more than 13 million books in various languages.
4. There are many places of interest in Washington. One of them is the Thomas Jefferson memorial. This is a memorial to the third President of the United States, the Founder of the Democratic Party.
5. No visit to Washington is complete without an excursion to the home of George Washington at Mount Vernon. The estate, a typical 18th century plantation home, is on the Potomac River, 15 miles south of the capital.
6. Washington is a constant scene of mass demonstrations, "hunger marches" and antiwar rallies.
II. Выпишите из абзацев 1, 2, 3, 4 предложения со словами, оформленными окончаниями -s, и переведите их на русский язык.
III. Выпишите из абзацев 4, 5, 6 словосочетания, в которых определения выражены существительными, и переведите их на русский язык.
IV. Выпишите из абзаца 3 предложение, содержащее форму сравнения, и переведите его на русский язык.
V. Выпишите из абзацев 2, 4 предложения со словами it и one, переведите их на русский язык.
VI. Прочитайте следующие предложения; перепишите и переведите письменно то предложение, которое правильно передает содержание текста:
1. Washington's winters are mild.
2. Washington's winters are severe.
Вариант 3
I. Прочитайте и устно переведите весь текст. Перепишите и письменно переведите абзацы 3, 4, 5.
Chicago
1. Chicago with a population of about three and a half million is the second largest city in the United States (New York is the first). It is a centre of industry for the middle part of the country.
2. The city is first in the nation in manufacturing of machinery and electronic parts. The stock-yards and meatpacking plants are also famous.
3. Chicago is the biggest railroad centre. It has a vast commerce by many railways and by the lake, and exports wheat, meat and manufactured goods. Also 40 per cent of the country's motor freight moves in and out of Chicago. More air-lines converge on Chicago than any other city of the U.S.A.
4. Chicago is also an important centre of culture and science. It is the seat of the University of Chicago and several other institutions, and has important libraries and art collections. Chicago was the site of the first nuclear chain reaction (1942) and is still a leader in nuclear research.
5. The city was from the start a big melting pot of different nationalities. About one in four Chicago citizens is black. The Chicago Negroes are almost as numerous as those in New York a city twice as large.
Chicago's Negroes have a long history of participation in basic industry. 6. From six to seven million tourists come to Chicago every year and another million and a half come to business and political gatherings.
II. Выпишите из абзацев 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 предложения со словами, оформленными окончанием -s, и переведите их на русский язык.
III. Выпишите из абзацев 3, 4, 5, 6 предложения, в которых определения выражены существительными, и переведите их на русский язык.
IV. Выпишите из абзацев 1, 3, 5 предложения, содержащие формы сравнения, и переведите их на русский язык.
V. Выпишите из абзацев 1, 3, 4, 5 предложения со словами it и one и переведите их на русский язык.
VI. Прочитайте следующие предложения; перепишите и переведите предложение, которое правильно передает содержание текста;
1. New York is twice as large as Chicago.
2. New York is three times as large as Chicago.
Вариант 4
I. Прочитайте и устно переведите весь текст. Перепишите и письменно переведите абзацы 1, 2, 3.
Bristol
1. Bristol is the eighth largest city and seaport on the west coast of England with a population of 395 000. It has a total of just under 160 000 homes, of which 40 000 or 25 per cent are still owned by the council. The rivers Avon and From run there.
2. The harbour was constructed during the early part of the 19th century. There are many deep-water docks in Bristol.
3. Important public buildings are the exchange, Colston Hall, the museum and art gallery. Bristol possesses the oldest public library in the British Isles, dating from the 15th century. Bristol is noted for its university. It also has soapworks, tanneries, tobacco factories, chocolate factories, sugar factories, shoe factories, copper, lead, iron, and chemical works, and shipbuilding yards.
4. The city is confronted by huge problems of housing shortage and of disrepair in both the council and the private stock. Government cannot tackle these problems effectively and the situation is rapidly deteriorating. The council's housing waiting list has doubled in the last three years and now stands at a total of 13500 families. This is acknowledged to be only the tip of an iceberg. Over 20000 people are estimated to be effectively homeless in Bristol if all categories are aggregated.
5. Demand for public rented accommodation is rising rapidly as the number of households increases and as home ownership is priced out of the reach of more and more people. House prices in Bristol are soaring. The average price is now 49000, while former council houses are selling for over 40000 in some parts of the city.
II. Выпишите из абзацев 2, 3 и 4 предложения со
словами, оформленными окончанием -s, и переведите их на русский язык.
III. Выпишите из абзацев 3 и 4 словосочетания, в которых определения выражены существительными, и переведите их на русский язык.
IV. Выпишите из абзацев 1 и 3 предложения, содержащие формы сравнения, и переведите их на русский язык.
V. Выпишите из абзаца 3 предложение со словом it и переведите его на русский язык.
VI. Прочитайте следующие предложения, перепишите и переведите письменно предложение, которое правильно передает содержание текста:
1. The city is confronted by huge problems of housing shortage.
2. The city is not confronted by huge problems of housing shortage.
Вариант 5 I. Прочитайте и устно переведите весь текст. Перепишите и письменно переведите абзацы 4, 5 и 6.
Great Towns, Cities
1. You may wish to begin exploring England with the sights and shops of London, but there are many other fascinating cities that you should visit during your stay. Only an hour or so from the capital is Cambridge, the famous university town. There are many museums, colleges open to the public, good shops, walks along the river, and boats for hire.
2. To the west lies Stratford-on-Avon, an attractive town, famous as the birthplace of William Shakespeare in the 16th century. A day here must include a trip to a performance by the Royal Shakespeare Company at the Royal Shakespeare or Swan Theatre.
3. In eastern England is Norwich, a proud city with narrow, winding alleyways, antique shops, a large outdoor market, cosy pubs and coffee shops. The city's cathedral is a magnificent piece of architecture, and there is even a castle completed with dungeons!
4. At the geographical heart of England there is the vibrant city of Birmingham with its excellent shopping and entertainment to cater for every taste. The visitor will also find a legacy of attractive Victorian architecture and the intricate network of canals as evidence of a rich industrial heritage.
5. Manchester is another warm-hearted city. Innovative attractions include the Museum of Science and Industry, the Air and Space Museum and the Cranada Studios Tour, where visitors can explore the sets of famous television shows like Coronation Street, or sit on the Back Benches of a lifesize House of Commons.
6. Further north is the city of Durham, which boasts a massive 11th-century castle standing opposite a beautiful cathedral. Both are situated on cliffs, high above the river Wear, which snakes around them. There are also narrow, cobbled streets, ancient building, and a market square which comes to life each Saturday.
II. Выпишите из абзацев 1, 3, 5 и 6 предложения со словами, оформленными окончанием -s, и переведите их на русский язык.
III. Выпишите из абзацев 1, 2, 3, 5 и 6 словосочетания, в которых определения выражены существительными, и переведите их на русский язык.
IV. Выпишите из абзацев 1 и 2 предложения, в которых встречаются модальные глаголы, и переведите их на русский язык.
V. Выпишите из абзацев 1, 3 и 6 предложения со
словом there и переведите их на русский язык.
VI. Прочитайте следующие предложения; перепишите и переведите письменно предложение, которое правильно передает содержание текста:
1. In London there are many museums open to the public.
2. In London there are not many museums open to the public.
ЗАДАНИЕ 2
Для того, чтобы правильно выполнить задание 2, необходимо усвоить следующие разделы грамматики английского языка.
1. Видо-временные формы глагола:
- активный залог: формы Indefinite (Present, Past, Future); формы Continuous (Present, Past, Future); формы Perfect (Present, Past, Future);
- пассивный залог: формы Indefinite (Present, Past, Future).
Особенности перевода пассивных конструкций на русский язык.
2. Модальные глаголы:
- выражающие возможность: can (could), may и эквивалент глагола can – to be able to;
- выражающие долженствование: must, его эквиваленты to have to, to be to; should.
3. Простые неличные формы глагола: Participle I, Participle II в функциях определения и обстоятельства; Gerund (герундий), простые формы.
4. Определительные и дополнительные придаточные предложения (союзные); придаточные обстоятельственные предложения времени и условия.
5. Интернациональные слова.
Вариант 1
I. Прочитайте и устно переведите весь текст. Перепишите и письменно переведите абзацы 1, 2, 3, 4, 5.
Corporation
1. A corporation is a business organization authorized by the state to conduct business and is a separate legal entity from its owners. It is the dominant form of American business because it makes it possible to gather large amounts of capital together.
2. Before a corporation may do business, it must apply for and receive a charter from the state. The state must approve the articles of incorporation, which describe the basic purpose and structure of the proposed corporation.
3. The stockholders usually meet once a year to elect directors and to carry on other important business. Each share of stock entitles its owner to one vote. A stock holder who cannot attend the meeting can legally authorize another to vote his or her shares by proxy.
4. Management of a corporation consists of the board of directors who decide corporate policy, and the officers, who carry on the daily operations. The board is elected by the stockholders, and the officers are appointed by the board.