• показателем притяжательного падежа имени существительного
(см. образец выполнения 1).
/. Britain is famous for the rapid changes in the weather.
2. Canada's great natural resource is its forests.
3. Winter temperature in Britain seldom falls below zero.
2. Перепишите следующие предложения и переведите их, обращая вни
мание на особенности перевода на русский язык определений, выраженных
именем существительным (см. образец выполнения 2).
1. It is a land of pine forests and green river valleys.
2. The elevator takes visitors to the top of the New York State Observation
Tower.
3. The English people made the first underground railway travel in the
world.
3. Перепишите следующие предложения, содержащие разные формы
сравнения, переведите их на русский язык.
1. The Tower of London is one of the most popular sights in Great
Britain.
2. You must learn the history of this country as quick as possible.
3. London has got a much bigger population than Prague.
4. Перепишите и письменно переведите предложения на русский язык,
обращая внимание на перевод неопределенных и отрицательных местоиме
ний.
1 Practically any museum in the United Kingdom is free nowadays.
2 No Russian citizen can visit England without visa.
3. Some people in Russia celebrate St. Valentine's Day at present.
5. Перепишите следующие предложения, определите в них видовре-
менные формы глаголы и укажите их инфинитив; переведите предложения
на русский язык (см. образец выполнения 3).
/. The warm Gulf Stream brings the prevailing southwest winds.
2. Robots will do all the dangerous and dirty work for us in the nearest
future.
3. Over the years Agatha Christie wrote more than 80 mysteries and
sold over 300 million books.
6. Перепишите и письменно переведите текст.
Political Parties in Great Britain
Political parties first emerged in Britain at the end of the 17-th century. The Conservative and Liberal Parties are more than three hundred years old. The main British political groupings are the Conservative* and the Labour** Parties and the Party of Liberal Democrats.
The Conservative Party is often called the Tory Party. Today the Tory Party is that of big business, industry, commerce and landowners. Most of the money needed to run the party comes from large firms and companies. The Tories are a mixture of the rich and privileged - the monopolists and landowners. It is very powerful.
In the middle of the 19-th century the Liberal Party represented the trading and manufacturing classes. During the second half of the 19-th century many working people looked at the liberal Party as an alternative to the Conservatives and their policy.
The Labour Party, formed in 1900, was the one, which drew away working people's support. It was founded by the Trade Unions. Now its policy is very similar to that of the Liberals. The two-party system means that, if one is dissatisfied with the Government, one votes for the opposition. So one can say there isn't much difference between them.
* the Conservative Party - Консервативная партия (партия тори) ** the Labour Party - Лейбористская партия
ВАРИАНТ 2
1. Перепишите следующие предложения и переведите их на русский язык. Определите по грамматическим признакам, какой частью речи являются слова, оформленные окончанием -s и какую функцию это окончание выполняет, т.е. служит ли оно:
показателем 3-го лица единственного числа глагола в Present
Simple/Indefinite;
признаком множественного числа имени существительного;
показателем притяжательного падежа имени существительного
(см. образец выполнения 1).
/. Canada covers more than one third of North America.
2. There are no high mountains in Britain.
3. Since 1800 the nation's capital called Washington has kept on
growing.
2. Перепишите следующие предложения и переведите их, обращая вни
мание на особенности перевода на русский язык определений, выраженных
именем существительным (см. образец выполнения 2).
/. Hollywood had become the center of American network television entertainment.
2. At present millions of people have their computer mail addresses.
3. The first stream carriage was invented in France.
3. Перепишите следующие предложения, содержащие разные формы
сравнения, и переведите их на русский язык.
/. You can find wax models of the most famous people in the Madam Tussaud's Museum.
2. The more cities you visit, the better knowledge about history of this
country you get.
3. Naples is much further south than Riga.
4. Перепишите и письменно переведите предложения на русский язык,
обращая внимание на перевод неопределенных и отрицательных местоиме
ний.
/. No European language is so difficult as Hungarian.
2. Any person will admire the Statue of Liberty.
3. Some places in Britain are closely connected with Dickens's name.
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5. Перепишите следующие предложения, определите в них видовре
менные формы глаголы и укажите их инфинитив; переведите предложения
на русский язык (см. образец выполнения 3).
1. Rain tends to fall throughout the year in Britain.
2. The Cambridge University started during the 13-th century and grew
until today.
3. Scientists will find solutions to our most urgent problems.
6. Перепишите и письменно переведите текст.
Newspapers in Great Britain
Fleet Street is the home of most national daily and Sunday newspapers. People often say "Fleet Street" to mean "the press".
British newspapers can be divided into two groups: quality and popular. Quality newspapers are more serious and cover home and foreign news while popular newspapers like shocking, personal stories. These two groups of papers can be distinguished easily because the quality newspapers are twice the size of the popular newspapers.
Among the quality daily papers is the "Times" (founded in 1785) - the most authoritative newspaper voice in the country. The "Guargian" appeals to well-educated readers interested in intellectual and social affairs. The "Financial Times" is read by businessmen. The "Daily Telegraph" is bought by educated middle-class readers.
The "popular" press consists of the "Daily Mail", the "Daily Express", the "Daily Star" and the "Daily Mirror". In all newspapers there is a desperate fight to improve their circulations. But it is the worst among the "popular" papers whose main weapons are sex, scandal and sport.
There are also many local papers. Most of these are evening papers and many appear weekly.
ВАРИАНТ 3
1. Перепишите следующие предложения и переведите их на русский
язык. Определите по грамматическим признакам, какой частью речи явля
ются слова, оформленные окончанием -s и какую функцию это окончание
выполняет, т.е. служит ли оно:
• показателем 3-го лица единственного числа глагола в Present
Simple/Indefinite;
• признаком множественного числа имени существительного;
• показателем притяжательного падежа имени существительного
(см. образец выполнения 1).
1. The brown stone walls of the president's home were painted white.
2. The President speaks to the whole nation on radio and television.
3. At weekends the harbour is crowded with sailing boats.
2. Перепишите следующие предложения и переведите их, обращая вни
мание на особенности перевода на русский язык определений, выраженных
именем существительным (см. образец выполнения 2).
1. Many inland waterways are used for the transport of heavy goods.
2. This problem was solved by the invention of the internal combustion
engine.
3. London transport's experience with tunnels brought them another
record.
3. Перепишите следующие предложения, содержащие разные формы
сравнения, и переведите их на русский язык.
/. Novosibirsk is less crowded than Lisbon.
2. Neither Paris nor London has much heavy industry.
3. Tourism makes the largest contribution to Suzdal's economy.
4. Перепишите и письменно переведите предложения на русский язык,
обращая внимание на перевод неопределенных и отрицательных местоиме
ний.
/. Some cities in Europe are more than a thousand years old.
2. A lot of streets in Prague have no traffic.
3. Any visitor of Moscow will notice its busy atmosphere today.
5. Перепишите следующие предложения, определите в них видовре-
менные формы глаголы и укажите их инфинитив; переведите предложения
на русский язык (см. образец выполнения 3). -
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/. The English Channel separates Great Britain from continental Europe.
2. People will learn to live in peace and understand each other.
3. Columbus 'voyages gave Europe its first important knowledge of the
New World.
6. Перепишите и письменно переведите текст.
Climate in Great Britain
The climate in the UK is generally mild and temperate due to the influence of the Gulf Stream. The southwestern winds carry the warmth and moisture into Britain.
The weather is so changeable that the English often say that they have no climate but only weather. Therefore it is natural for them to use the comparison "as changeable as the weather" of a person who often changes his mood or opinion about something. The weather is the favourite topic of conversation in the UK.
The English also say that they have three variants of weather: when it rains in the morning, when it rains in the afternoon or when it rains all day long. Rainfall is more or less even throughout the year. The driest period is from March to June and the wettest months are from October to January. It is never too hot or too cold. Winters are extremely mild. Snow may come but it melts quickly.
This humid and mild climate is good for plants. The trees and flowers begin to blossom early in spring.
In the British homes there has been no central heating up till recently. The fireplaces are often used. The British bedroom is especially cold, sometimes electric blankets or hot-water bottles are used.
ВАРИАНТ 4
1. Перепишите следующие предложения и переведите их на русский язык. Определите по грамматическим признакам, какой частью речи являются слова, оформленные окончанием —s и какую функцию это окончание выполняет, т.е. служит ли оно:
показателем 3-го лица единственного числа глагола в Present
Simple/Indefinite;
признаком множественного числа имени существительного;
показателем притяжательного падежа имени существительного
(см. образец выполнения 1).
/. New York attracts people from all over.
2. The waters of the two streams flow side by side.
3. In summer, when the day's work is over, the families go off to the
beach.
2. Перепишите следующие предложения и переведите их, обращая вни
мание на особенности перевода на русский язык определений, выраженных
именем существительным (см. образец выполнения 2).
1. The front wheel was driven by a two-cylinder steam engine.
2. All passenger and control buildings are in the center of the airport.
3. Plastics are employed in a number of aircraft engine applications.
3. Перепишите следующие предложения, содержащие разные формы
сравнения, и переведите их на русский язык.
1. There is less rain in Siberia than in Estonia.
2. There are much more inhabitants in New York than in Chicago.
3. Brazil and Argentina are both the largest South American countries.
4. Перепишите и письменно переведите предложения на русский язык,
обращая внимание на перевод неопределенных и отрицательных местоиме
ний.
/. Picasso influenced some modern painters.
2. There is no other so popular author in England as Shakespear.
3. You can meet almost any nationality in London.
5. Перепишите следующие предложения, определите в них видовре-
менные формы глаголы и укажите их инфинитив; переведите предложения
на русский язык (см. образец выполнения 3).
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1. People all over the world know Wimbledon as the center of tennis.
2. The invention of the petrol engine made flight feasible.
3. We will do shopping, pay our bills and even cook with the help of
computers.
6. Перепишите и письменно переведите текст.
Oxbridge
Oxford and Cambridge are the oldest and most prestigious universities in Great Britain. They are often called collectively Oxbridge to denote the elitarian education. Both universities are independent. Only very rich families can afford to send their sons and daughters to these universities.
The tutorial* is the basic mode of instruction at Oxford and Cambridge. The normal length of the degree course is three years, after which the students take the Degree of Bachelor of Arts (B. A.). Some courses, such as languages or medicine, may be one or two years longer.