16. Простые неличные формы глагола. Инфинитив в функции подлежащего, сказуемого, определения, обстоятельства, дополнения.
17. Бессоюзные подчинение в определительных и дополнительных придаточных предложеиях.
3. Задания для контрольных работ, рекомендации по их выполнению и оформлению
Образец выполнения задания 1
The new laboratory equipment was sent for yesterday.
Вчера послали за новым оборудованием лаборатории.
Was sent for - Past Indefinite Passive от глагола to send
Образец выполнения задания 2
When heated to te boiling point water evaporates.
При нагревании до точки кипения вода испаряется.
(when) heated - Participle II, обстоятельство.
Образец выполнения задания 3
1. We want the new car to be produced by February.
Мы хотим, чтобы новый автомобиль был выпущен к февралю.
2. The device to be bought must be checked be fore hand.
Прибор, который нужно купить, следует предварительно проверить.
Образец выполнения задания 4
1. Countries wishing to cooperate with us will always find the necessary understanding.
Страны, желающие сотрудничать с нами, всегда найдут должное понимание.
Образец выполнения задания 5
If the system had been perfected, we should have applied it for new calculations.
Если бы система была усовершенствована мы бы применили ее для новых расчетов.
КОНТРОЛЬНЫЕ ЗАДАНИЯ
Variant 1
I. Перепишите следующие предложения; подчеркните в каждом из них глагол - сказуемое и определите его видо-временную форму и залог. Переведите предложения на русский язык.
1. The basic job of the computer is the processing of information.
2. Computer is used to convert date info information.
3. Heat energy is transmitted in two different ways.
II. Перепишите следующие предложения; подчеркните Participle I или Participle II и установите функции каждого их них, т.е. укажите, является ли оно определением, обстоятельством или частью глагола - сказуемого. Переведите предложения на русский язык.
1. Nylon was the first synthetic fibre used in clothing.
2. The atoms forming our planet are built of negative electrons, positive protons and ordinary neutrons.
III. Перепишите и письменно переведите на русский язык следующие предложения. Помните, что объектный и субъектные инфинитивные обороты соответствуют придаточным предложениям.
1. For a long time, special paper impregnated with paraffin was considered to be the main non-conductor used for manufacturing small capacitors. (конденсатор)
2. We fond out6 his paper to be of great interest for our research.
IV. Перепишите и письменно переведите на русский язык следующие предложения. Обратите внимание на перевод зависимого и независимого (самостоятельного) причастных оборотов.
1. Having done a number of calculations, our astronomers have shown that the basic mass of the galaxies is concentrated outside their visible part.
2. A simple laboratory experiment demonstrating this principle is shown in Paragraph 2.
V. Перепишите и письменно переведите на русский язык следующие сложные предложения. Обратите внимание на перевод условных предложений.
1. If the computer's electronic memory had recorded all the operator's commands, the picture of deviations from the required parameters mould have been produced.
2. If would be impossible to protect metals from corrosion without the films.
VI. Прочитайте и устно переведите с 1-го по 3-й абзацы. Письменно переведите 3-й и 4-й абзацы.
Пояснения к тексту:
characters - символы
data - данные
intelligence - разум
raw - необработанный, сырой
to come to as - оживать
to convert - превращать, преобразовывать
to evaluate - оценивать
to refer to as - называть что-либо
to refine - очищать
transmission - передача
to respond - отвечать
What is computer?
1. The term "computer" is used to describe a device made up of a combination of electronic and electromechanical components. Computer has no intelligence by itself and is referred to as hardware. A computer system is a combination of five elements:
- Hardware
- Software
- People
- Procedures
- Data / Information
2. When one computer system is set up to communicate with another computer system, connectivity becomes the sixth system element. In communicate with another computer system, connectivity becomes the sixth system element. In other words, the manner. In which the various individual systems are connected - for example, by phone lines, microwave transmission, or satellite -isan element of the total computer system.
3. Software is the term used to describe the instructions that tell the hardware doesn't know What to do. People, however, are the most important component of the computer system:
4. The basic job of the computer is the processing of information in the form of instruction called a program and characters called date to perform mathematical and logical operations, and then give a results. The data is raw material while information is organized, refined, processed and useful for decision making. Computer is used to Convert data into information. Computer is also used to stare information in the digital form.
VII. Ответьте письменно на вопросы по тексту:
1. What dais the term "computer" describe?
2. What is connectivity?
3. Why people are the most important component of the computer system?
Variant 2
I. Перепишите следующие предложения; подчеркните в каждом из них глагол - сказуемое и определите его видо-временную форму и залог. Переведите предложения на русский язык.
1. Herman Helmholtz was persuaded by his father to take up the study of medicine, entering the Medical Institute at Berlin in 1838.
2. Newton’s great discovery was the law of decomposition of light.
3. At the age of 17 M.V. Lomonosov left his native village and made his way to Moscow.
II. Перепишите следующие предложения; подчеркните Participle I или Participle II и установите функции каждого их них, т.е. укажите, является ли оно определением, обстоятельством или частью глагола - сказуемого. Переведите предложения на русский язык.
1. When passing through an electroscope, X-rays cause its discharge.
2. The Library of Congress contains millions of books and manuscripts, including personal papers of the US presidents.
III. Перепишите и письменно переведите на русский язык следующие предложения. Помните, что объектный и субъектные инфинитивные обороты соответствуют придаточным предложениям.
1. Many Kussian scientist are Known to contribute much into the science of electricity.
2. The metal to be poured into a mold for casing may contract or expand on solidifying.
IV. Перепишите и письменно переведите на русский язык следующие предложения. Обратите внимание на перевод зависимого и независимого (самостоятельного) причастных оборотов.
1. Ordinary light entering a crystal of tourmaline, the phenomenon of “selective absorption” take place.
2. Many people running in Central Park try to get slim.
V. Перепишите и письменно переведите на русский язык следующие сложные предложения. Обратите внимание на перевод условных предложений.
1. If biological experiments are continued, the problem of developing the technology for growing plants in space conditions will be solved.
2. If the scientist wants to grow new crystals, he will find new methods of work.
VI. Прочитайте и устно переведите с 1-го по 3-й абзацы. Письменно переведите 2-й и 3-й абзацы текста.
The future of the engineering profession
1. Among various recent trends in the engineering profession computerization is the most widespread. The trend in modern engineering offices is also towards computerization. Computers are increasingly used for solving complex problems as well as for handling, storing, and generating the enormous volume of data modern engineers must work with.
2. Scientific methods of engineering are applied in several fields not connected directly to manufacture and construction. Modern engineering is characterized by the broad application of what is known as systems engineering principles.
3. Engineers in industry work not only with machines but also with people, to determine, for example, how machines can be operated most efficiently by workers. A small change in the location of the controls of a machine or of its position with relation to other machines or equipment, or a change in the muscular movements of the operator, often results in greatly increased production. This type of engineering work is called time-study engineering.
VII. Ответьте письменно на вопросы по тексту:
1. What is the most widespread trend in the engineering profession?
2. What are computers used for in modern engineering?
Variant 3
I. Перепишите следующие предложения; подчеркните в каждом из них глагол - сказуемое и определите его видо-временную форму и залог. Переведите предложения на русский язык.
1. My friend will be an engineer in five years.
2. Most college courses in the United Kingdom last from one to two years.
3. The Australian National University, stating on a site of some 200 acres in the north of Canberra, was founded in 1946.
II. Перепишите следующие предложения; подчеркните Participle I или Participle II и установите функции каждого их них, т.е. укажите, является ли оно определением, обстоятельством или частью глагола - сказуемого. Переведите предложения на русский язык.
1. Molecular crystals are solids constructed of molecules held together by relatively weak forces.
2. The Empire State Building constructed in 1931 is the highest building in New York.
III. Перепишите и письменно переведите на русский язык следующие предложения. Помните, что объектный и субъектные инфинитивные обороты соответствуют придаточным предложениям.
1. A number of Russian scientists, believe the Tunguska explosion to be caused by a meteorite.
2. Scientific discoveries to be practically applied in industry and agriculture are paid special attention to.
IV. Перепишите и письменно переведите на русский язык следующие предложения. Обратите внимание на перевод зависимого и независимого (самостоятельного) причастных оборотов.
1. Light and food industries have been modernized, much being done to expand the production of consumer goods.
2. Reading your translation the teacher found several mistakes.
V. Перепишите и письменно переведите на русский язык следующие сложные предложения. Обратите внимание на перевод условных предложений.
1. If liquids expand upon freezing, an increase of pressure lowers the freezing point.
2. If I were you, I would go to Washington by plane.
VI. Прочитайте и устно переведите с 1-го по 3-й абзацы. Письменно переведите 1,3 и 4-й абзацы текста.
Computers
1. Computers is an electronic device that can receive a program (a set of instructions) and then carry out this program by calculating numerical information.
2.The modern world of high technology is possible mainly due to the development of the computer. Computers have opened up a new era in manufacturing by means of automation, and they have enhanced modern communication systems.
Personal computers
3. Personal computers are also called microcomputers or home computer. The most compact. The most compact are called laptops. They are portable and work on built-in batteries.
4. Personal computers are designed for use at homes, schools, and offices. At home they can be used for home management (balancing the family finances, for example) and for playing computer games, watching films or listening to music. Schoolchildren can use computers for doing their homework and many schools now have computer – literacy studies. In the office personal computers may be used for word processing, bookkeeping, storage and handling of necessary information.
VII. Ответьте письменно на вопросы по тексту:
1. What is a computer?
2. What are computers used for?
Variant 4
I. Перепишите следующие предложения; подчеркните в каждом из них глагол - сказуемое и определите его видо-временную форму и залог. Переведите предложения на русский язык.
1. All the industries today are in need of new methods of joining metals together.
2. He got a degree in chemistry last year.
3. She hill be a professor of oxfordintwo years.