II. Перепишите следующие предложения; подчеркните Participle I или Participle II и установите функции каждого их них, т.е. укажите, является ли оно определением, обстоятельством или частью глагола - сказуемого. Переведите предложения на русский язык.
1. A body moving with a certain velocity carries within itself the kinetic energy of motion.
2. While absorbing the energy of cosmic rays the upper atmosphere becomes radioactive.
III. Перепишите и письменно переведите на русский язык следующие предложения. Помните, что объектный и субъектные инфинитивные обороты соответствуют придаточным предложениям.
1. My parents want me to become a chemist.
2. He is believed to be a very talented person.
IV. Перепишите и письменно переведите на русский язык следующие предложения. Обратите внимание на перевод зависимого и независимого (самостоятельного) причастных оборотов.
1. An experiment demonstrating the existence of an ultraviolet and infrared spectrum must be performed.
2. Light and food industries have been modernized, much being done to expand the production of consumer goods.
V. Перепишите и письменно переведите на русский язык следующие сложные предложения. Обратите внимание на перевод условных предложений.
1. It would be impossible to determine the properties of these materials without intensive studies in our research laboratory.
2. If he had not been busy he would have attended the conference.
VI. Прочитайте и устно переведите с 1, 2 и 3-й абзацы. Письменно переведите 4-й абзацы текста.
Alloys
1. Bronze and brass, the first alloys in the history of metallurgy, were probably obtained by man accidentally when melting mixed metal ores. Much later alloys of iron were obtained.
2. Steel was made in small quantities in early times until the mid – 19th century when it was manufactured on a large scale in the iron and steel industry.
3. The commercial production of pure aluminium, in about 1890 began a new range of alloys and among them duralumin, an alloy of about 94 per cent aluminium, with small quantities of copper, manganese, magnesium, and silicon. Most of aluminium alloys are both light and strong.
4. Nickel is often mixed with other metals for special purposes: permalloy is a nickel-iron alloy that is magnetically soft. The polarity of its magnetic field can be easily changed and it is used for transformer cores. Monel metals contain about two parts nickel to one part copper, plus other elements. They are stronger than nickel and extremely corrosion-resistant. These properties make them useful in chemical production.
5. Electrum is a natural or artificial alloy of gold and silver containing 15-45 per cent of silver. It was used in the ancient world for coinage.
6. Bismuth is frequently used as a part of alloys with low melting-points. Today alloys can be designed for particular applications with certain properties.
VII. Ответьте письменно на вопросы по тексту:
1. What alloys da you chow?
2. Where is electrum and bismuth used?
Variant 5
I. Перепишите следующие предложения; подчеркните в каждом из них глагол - сказуемое и определите его видо-временную форму и залог. Переведите предложения на русский язык.
1. The open University is the most recently established university in Great Britain.
2. The principle of the conservation of energy, of which mechanical work, electricity, and heat were only different forms, was the greatest physical discovery of the middle of the nineteenth century.
3. Machine – tools are used to shape metals and other materials.
II. Перепишите следующие предложения; подчеркните Participle I или Participle II и установите функции каждого их них, т.е. укажите, является ли оно определением, обстоятельством или частью глагола - сказуемого. Переведите предложения на русский язык.
1. Unless properly treated the metal must not be applied for space technology.
2. The formula E = mc2 deducted by Einstein is perhaps the most well-known equation in the world.
III. Перепишите и письменно переведите на русский язык следующие предложения. Помните, что объектный и субъектные инфинитивные обороты соответствуют придаточным предложениям.
1. The Sun and Stars are proved to be able to produce great quantities of energy by means of certain nuclear reactors.
2. Newton is considered to be one of the greatest English scientists.
IV. Перепишите и письменно переведите на русский язык следующие предложения. Обратите внимание на перевод зависимого и независимого (самостоятельного) причастных оборотов.
1. Having built a new automobile plant, we increased the output of cars and buses.
2. Knowledge being the most valuable wealth of our times, the information theory became of great importance for the national economy.
V. Перепишите и письменно переведите на русский язык следующие сложные предложения. Обратите внимание на перевод условных предложений.
1. If you answered six questions in the competition, you would have won the first prize.
2. If would be impossible to carry on a careful study of the process without a new device.
VI. Прочитайте и устно переведите абзацы текста. Письменно переведите 1 и 2-й абзацы текста.
Metals
1. Metals are materials most widely used in industry because of their properties. The study of the production and properties of metals is known as metallurgy.
2. The separation between the atoms in metals is small, so most metals are dense. The atoms are arranged regularly and can slide over each other. That is why metals are malleable (can be deformed and bent without fracture) and ductile (can be drawn into wire). Metals vary greatly their properties. For example, lead is soft and can be bent by hand, while iron can only be worked by hammering at red heat.
3. The regular arrangement of atoms in metals gives them a crystalline structure. Irregular crystals are called grains. The properties of the metals depend on the size, shape, orientation, and composition of these grains. In general, a metal with small grains will be harder and stronger than one with coarse grains.
Пояснения к тексту:
property - свойство
metallurgy - металлургия
separation - разделение, отстояние
dense - плотный
arrangement - расположение
regularly - регулярно, правильно
to slide - скользить
malleable - ковкий, податливый, способный деформироваться
bent - гнуть
to fracture -ломать
ductile - эластичный, ковкий
to draw - волочить, тянуть
wire - проволока
lead -свинец
VII. Ответьте письменно на вопросы по тексту:
1. What are metals and what we do we call metallurgy?
2. Why are metals malleable?
Variant 6
I. Перепишите следующие предложения; подчеркните в каждом из них глагол – сказуемое и определите его видо – временную форму и залог. Переведите предложения на русский язык.
1. Michael Faraday, English experimental physicist, was born in 1791 in poor family.
2. Lasers are known to have found application in medicine.
3. Using X-rays irradiation the scientist have learnt to change structures of well known materials such as metals, ceramics, etc.
II. Перепишите следующие предложения; подчеркните Participle I или Participle II и установите функции каждого из них, т.е. укажите, является ли оно определением, обстоятельством или частью глагола- сказуемого. Переведите предложение на русский язык.
1. Soils containing too much sand or clay are of less value in agriculture.
2. Plastics articles are often difficult to repair if broken.
III. Перепишите и письменно переведите на русский язык следующие предложения. Помните, что объектный и субъектный инфинитивные обороты соответствуют придаточным предложениям.
1. For the experiment we need several electrical devices to be connected in series.
2. Lasers are known to have found application in medicine.
IV. Перепишите и письменно переведите на русский язык следующие предложения. Обратите внимание на перевод зависимого и независимого (самостоятельного) причастных оборотов.
1. Measurements of solar radiation reaching the Earth each day make it possible to calculate the surface temperature of the sun.
2.Having built a new automobile plant, we increased the out put of cars and buses.
V. перепишите и письменно переведите на русский язык следующие сложные предложения. Обратите внимание на перевод условных предложений.
1.It would be impossible to carry on a careful study of the process without the new device.
2.If this new device is applied, the process of production will be simplified.
VI.Прочитайте текст и устно переведите его. Письменно переведите 1й абзац текста.
History and Future of the Internet
1. The Internet technology was by Vinton Cerf in early 1973 as part of a project headed by the Advanced Research Projects Agency, part of the United States Department of Defence. Later Cerf made many efforts to build and standardise the Internet. In 1984 the technology and the network were turned over to the private sector and to government scientific agencies for further development. The growth has continued exponentially. Service-provider companies that make "gateways" to the Internet available to home and business users the market in everincreasing numbers. By early 1995, access was available in 180 countries and more that 30 million users used the Internet.
2. The Internet and its technology continue to have a profound effect in promoting the exchange of information, making possible rapid transactions among businesses, and supporting global collaboration among individuals and organizations. More than 100 million computers are connected via the global Internet in 2000, and even more are attached to enterprise internets. The development of the World Wide Web leads to the rapid introduction of new business tools and activities that may lead to annual business transactions on the Internet worth yundreds of billions of dollars.
VII. Ответьте письменно на вопросы по тексту:
1. What is Internet?
2. What is WWW?
Variant 7
I. Перепишите следующие предложения; подчеркните в каждом из них глагол – сказуемое и определите его видо – временную форму и залог. Переведите предложения на русский язык.
1. The rule was dictated to us.
2. His father was one of the leaders of the partisan movement during Word War II.
3. My friend is one of the best students of our group.
II. Перепишите следующие предложения; подчеркните Participle I или Participle II и установите функции каждого из них, т.е. укажите, является ли оно определением, обстоятельством или частью глагола- сказуемого. Переведите предложение на русский язык.
1. The smallest particle having all the characteristics of an element is called an atom.
2. Natural rubber is a thermoplastic material that becomes soft when heated and hard when cooled.
III. Перепишите и письменно переведите на русский язык следующие предложения. Помните, что объектный и субъектный инфинитивные обороты соответствуют придаточным предложениям.
1. We know the wave theory of hight to be first proposed by the English physicist Robert Hooke in 1665.
2. The crew is reported to have carrieds out a great deal of scientific experiments.
IV. Перепишите и письменно переведите на русский язык следующие предложения. Обратите внимание на перевод зависимого и независимого (самостоятельного) причастных оборотов.
1. A curve showing the behavior of metal is given in Fig, 21.
2. The computer’s electronic memory recording all the operator’s commands, the picture of deviations was produced.
V. Перепишите и письменно переведите на русский язык следующие сложные предложения. Обратите внимание на перевод условных предложений.
1. If you had translated the article, you could have used valuable data in your work.
2. If one looks at his own face in amirror the image observed is technically described as perverted.
VI.Прочитайте текст и устно переведите 1й и 2й абзацы. Письменно переведите 1й, 2й и 3й абзацы.
Welding
1. Welding is a process when metal parts are joined together by the application of heat, pressure, or a combination of both. The processes of welding can be divided into two main groups:
- pressure welding, when the weld is a achieved by pressure and
- heat welding, when the weld is achieved by heat. Heat welding is the most common welding process used today.
2. nowadays welding is used instead of bolting and riveting in the construction of many types of structures, including bridges, buildings, and ships. It is also a basic process in the manufacture of machinery and the motor and aircraft industries. It is necessary almost in all productions where metals are used.
3. The welding process depends greatly on the on the properties of the metals, the purpose of their application and the available equipment. Welding processes are classified according to the sources of heat and pressure used.
4.The welding processes widely employed today include gas welding, are welding, and resistance welding. Other joining processes are laser welding, and electron-beam welding.
Vocabulary:
Welding – сварка
Bolting – скрепление болтами
Riveting – пленка
Available - имеющийся в наличии
VII. Письменно ответьте на вопросы по тексту:
1.How can a process of welding be defined?
2. What are the two main groups of processes of welding?
Variant 8
I. Перепишите следующие предложения; подчеркните в каждом из них глагол – сказуемое и определите его видо – временную форму и залог. Переведите предложения на русский язык.