2. Most appeals (to go) to the Court of Appeal since its existence.
3. Crown Court (to exist) only since 1972.
4. By 1980 tribunals (to proliferate).
5. Any citizen of Russia who (to reach) the age of 25, (to graduate) from a law higher school, whose length of legal service is not less than 5 years and who (to pass) the qualification exam may be appointed judge of a district court.
6. The profession of a lawyer (to be) very interesting and diverse for ages.
7. In the court procedure the advocate (help) always to establish the truth.
8. Congress (to establish) individual agencies to serve the specific interests.
9. By the time the delegation (to arrive), the President (to inform) the Congress of the need for new legislation.
10. The government departments and agencies (to send) to the Congress a periodic report of their activities by the time the President (to leave).
2. Complete these sentences using the correct forms of the verbs in brackets. Translate the sentences into Russian.
1. People's assessors (to be) citizens of different professions.
2. The President of the Russian Federation (to appoint) all judges.
3. In future quicker and more accurate solution of crime (to depend) on education and practical skills.
4. Now the students (to take) pictures of the crime scene, (to make) diagrams and sketches.
5. At that time I (to study) theory of state and law, civil law, criminal law, labor law and many others.
6. By 2004 this lawyer (to meet) different people: children and adults, the sick and the healthy, the poor and the rich, educated and uneducated people.
7. Lawyers (to agree) upon six basic elements of professionalism.
8. In 1934 the Institute (to move) into Sverdlovsk, got the name of the Sverdlovsk Institute of Law and bore this name till 1992.
9. Till 1976 there (to be) only one faculty at the Sverdlovsk Law Institute - the Law faculty.
10. All next week the Congress (to consider) a budget of the next year.
3. Complete these sentences using the correct passive forms of the verbs in brackets. Then translate the sentences into Russian.
1. Arbitration (to classify) as a form of binding dispute resolution.
2. The judge (to appoint) by the minister of justice a year ago.
3. The position (to occupy) by a common-law judge since 1992.
4. The defendant in a criminal action (to guarantee) the right to legal aid.
5. The Urals Law Academy (to found) in April 1931.
6. In the district courts cases (to hear) by the judge alone or by the collegial.
7. By next year professional and experienced lawyers (to pay) higher salary for their work.
8. In a week the decision on guilt or innocence (to make) by a Jury or twelve citizens chosen by chance.
9. The Central Criminal Court (to complete) in 1907.
10. All last week criminal appeals (to hear) by three judges.
4. Find modal verbs or modal equivalents. Then translate the sentences into Russian.
1. Next year the Congress will have to indicate approval of specific plans before they go into effect.
2. The Congress was allowed to levy and collect taxes.
3. The influence of the president's potential power may extend to the procedures of Congress.
4. Congress must assemble at least once a year.
5. Any congressman in either house or the president may initiate new legislation.
6. In performing their duties public prosecutors must be free and independent of any local bodies.
7. The advocate who is convinced of the innocence of his client must fight to the end for the truth.
8. Competence should also involve an efficient allocation of resources.
9. Students will be able to work as judges, notaries, investigators, inspectors, customs officers, etc.
10. Every good investigator should be firm if it is necessary.
5. Fill in each space with a suitable modal verb or its equivalent. Translate the sentences into Russian
1. A court ________ have both personal jurisdiction and subject matter jurisdiction.
2. In English law jurisdiction _______ be inherent.
3. Arbitration ______ be cheaper than litigation in court.
4. In past they ______ be barristers with at least seven years of experience.
5. Appeals against decisions of the Court of Appeal _____ be lodged with the House of Lords.
6. In future County Courts _____ to grant divorces and make a range of orders relating to money, property and children.
7. Last month workers ______ claim compensation for unfair dismissal.
8. In 1999 in deciding the case the judge in the court of the first instance ______ to examine all the case evidence.
9. Police ______ to deal with many problems and all of them are of great importance.
10. Every good investigator ______ be intelligent, competent, patient, tactful and sympathetic.
6. Read the text. Translate passages 2, 4 in writing. Decide if the statements are true or false. Put “T” if it is true, put “F” if the statement is false.
House of Representatives
House of Representatives is one of the two houses of the U.S. Congress, established in 1789 by the Constitution.
The first Congress had 59 members in the House; membership reached 435 in 1912. Two additional representatives were added after the admission of Alaska and Hawaii as states in 1959, but at the next reapportionment membership returned to 435, the number authorized by a law enacted in 1941. The allocation of seats is based on population within the states; membership is reapportioned every 10 years, following the decennial census. House members are elected every two years from one-member districts of approximately equal population created for this purpose.
The House of Representatives shares with the Senate equal responsibility for lawmaking within the United States. As conceived by the Founding Fathers, the House was to represent the popular will, and its members were to be directly elected by the people, rather than indirectly, as originally provided for the Senate.
The Constitution vests certain exclusive powers in the House of Representatives, among the most important of which are the right to initiate impeachment proceedings and the right to originate revenue bills.
The organization and character of the House of Representatives have evolved under the influence of political parties, which provide a means of controlling proceedings and mobilizing the necessary majorities. Party leaders, such as the speaker and the majority and minority leaders, came to play a central role in the operations of the House. Party discipline is not always strong, however, in a body whose members stand for reelection every two years and who tend to look toward their districts rather than to parties for support.
1. There are two Houses in the U.S. Congress.
2. The second Congress had 59 members.
3. The additional representatives were added in 1957.
4. Membership s reappointed every 5 years.
5. House members are elected every two years.
6. The House of Representatives and the Senate have got equal responsibility for lawmaking.
7. Members of the House of Representatives were to be elected indirectly.
8. Party leaders play a central role in the operations of the House.
9. Party discipline is sometimes rather strong.
10. The right to initiate impeachment is the main activity of the House of Representatives.
7. Read the text, translate passages 3, 4 in writing. Answer the questions below in writing.
The court system of England and Wales
The most common type of law court in England and Wales is the magistrates’ court. There are 700 magistrate courts and about 30000 magistrates.
More serious criminal cases then go to the Crown Court, which has 90 branches in different towns and cities. Civil cases (for example, divorce or bankruptcy cases) are dealt with in County courts.
Appeals are heard by higher courts. For example, appeals from magistrate courts are heard in the Crown Court, unless they are appeals on points of law. The highest court of appeal in England and Wales is the House of Lords (Scotland has its own High Court in Edinburgh, which hears all appeals from Scottish courts). Certain cases may be referred to the European Court of Justice in Luxemburg. In addition, individuals have made the British Government change its practices in a number of areas as a result of petitions to the European Court of Human Rights.
The legal system also includes juvenile courts (which deal with offenders under seventeen) and coroners courts (which investigate violent, sudden or unnatural deaths). There are administrative tribunals which make quick, cheap and fair decisions with much less formality. Tribunals deal with professional standards, disputes between individuals, and disputes between individuals and government departments (for example, over taxation).
1. Is the magistrates’ court the most common type of law in England or in Wales?
2. What is the Crown Court?
3. Where are civil cases dealt with?
4. The highest court of appeal in England and Wales isn’t the House of Lords, is it?
5. Does Scotland have its own High Court in Edinburgh?
6. Where is the European Court of Justice?
7. In what cases the British Government can change its practices?
8. Are there any courts for defenders under seventeen?
9. How do administrative tribunals operate?
10. What do tribunals deal with?
ФЕДЕРАЛЬНОЕ АГЕНТСТВО ПО ОБРАЗОВАНИЮ
ФЕДЕРАЛЬНОЕ ГОСУДАРСТВЕННОЕ ОБРАЗОВАТЕЛЬНОЕ УЧРЕЖДЕНИЕ
ВЫСШЕГО ПРОФЕССИОНАЛЬНОГО ОБРАЗОВАНИЯ
«РОССИЙСКИЙ ГОСУДАРСТВЕННЫЙ УНИВЕРСИТЕТ ТУРИЗМА И СЕРВИСА»
(ФГОУВПО «РГУТиС»)
____________________________________факультет
Кафедра______________________________________
КОНТРОЛЬНАЯ РАБОТА по
______________________________________________________
наименование дисциплины
____ -й семестр
Студента(ки) заочной формы обучения_____________________________
Ф.И.О., полностью
_____________________________________________________________________________
№ зачетной книжки ________________ группа_______________________
Специальность ____________________________________________________________
код и наименование специальности
_____________________________________________________________________________
№ варианта_________________ Выполнила ______________________
подпись студента(ки)
Работа предъявлена на проверку «____»_________200__г._______________
подпись преподавателя
Результаты проверки_______________________________________________
Замечания, рекомендации___________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
Проверил преподаватель «___»__________200__г. _______________________
Ф.И.О., подпись Вторично предъявлена на проверку «___»__________200__г. ______________
подпись преподавателя
Результаты проверки ________________________________________________
Замечания___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Проверил преподаватель «___»________200__г. ________________________
Ф.И.О., подпись
Работа принята (проведено собеседование) «___»_______200__г___________
подпись преподавателя