Методические указания и контрольные задания для студентов 1-2 курсов заочной формы обучения по специальности: «Экономика и управление на предприятиях химической промышленности» (стр. 4 из 10)
4. The more efficiently is the equipment used, the higher is the labour productivity and the more effective is the production.
5. I do not get up so early on Sunday as on weekdays.
Задание 3. Перепишите предложения, переведите их на русский язык, обращая внимание не перевод местоимений.
1. Can you send us your catalogues? – I’ll post them to you next Monday.
2. Any person can find himself in one of three situations: employed, unemployed, or out of the labour force.
3. Is there anybody outside in the street? – No, there is nobody there, I think.
4. He has got no information on this problem?
Задание 4. Перепишите предложения, выпишите сказуемые, определите их видовременную форму и залог, в скобках укажите инфинитив глагола. Переведите предложения на русский язык.
Образец: Our activity is based on close contact with our clients.
(is based (to base) – Present Simple Passive) – Наша деятельность основывается на тесном контакте с нашими клиентами.
1. The letter will be answered at once.
2. I telephoned him yesterday morning.
3. The price of the goods is fixed in US Dollars.
4. These terms were confirmed in their letter.
5. Exporting brings foreign currency into the country, so governments encourage export trade by giving assistance and incentives to exporters.
Задание 5. Задайте общий вопрос к каждому предложению из задания 4 и дайте на него отрицательный ответ.
Задание 6. Перепишите предложения, переведите на русский язык, обращая внимание на модальные глаголы и их эквиваленты.
1. Marketing managers should be in close touch with market conditions so that they can advise on the best price to charge for products.
2. He was allowed to use the mobile equipment.
3. He was to stay at the office until the report was ready.
4. He ought to take a more active part in decision making on the exports strategy of the company.
5. The entire quantity produced does not have to be sold at once.
Задание 7. Перепишите предложения, выпишите причастия, определите их вид и укажите функцию в предложении, то есть, является ли причастие определением или обстоятельством. Переведите предложения на русский язык.
1. Resources can be a serious factor limiting production.
2. Having the aim to maximize profit, the producer should make a decision how to reduce inputs.
3. Production is the entire quantity of the goods produced.
4. When reconstructed the theatre looked more beautiful than before.
5. The developing countries hope that the industrial countries will raise imports from the less developed countries imposing tariffs on imports from other industrial countries.
Задание 8. Перепишите предложения, содержащие придаточные предложения и усилительную конструкцию "it is... that (who)". Переведите на русский язык.
1. If you place your order before the 1st of January we’ll give you a discount.
2. It is Adam Smith who made economics a science.
3. Real income is the amount of the goods and services a consumer can buy with his money income.
4. It is a reduction in incomes that influenced the quantity of the goods consumed.
5. A consumer is a person who consumes the products and services he buys.
Задание 9. Прочитайте и письменно переведите текст.
MIXED ECONOMY
There are three types of management in economies. An economy may be almost totally planned, as it was in the Soviet Union. An economy may be almost totally unplanned, as it is in the USA. Or an economy may be a combination of planning and freedom of operation. Examples of the latter are Japan and South Korea.
In a planned economy the government decides what goods are to be produced and how they are to be marketed. Governments set all the priorities, and the producers are to follow the directions given to them.
In a partially planned economy such as Japan's, the government often encourages industry and helps it with subsidies. Government also makes investments and regulates trade.
The United States is an example of an unplanned economy. But it has a lot of government intervention in economic activity. As the economy of the United States grew, and as government and its importance increased, the government policy at every level acquired greater importance for the economy.
But the economy of the United States may be called unplanned because the government does not regulate what will be produced and how it will be marketed. These decisions are left to the producers. Even the great amount of government regulation that has emerged since the Great Depression has not turned the economy of the United States into a planned economy.
The name of the American economic system is capitalism. Another name for it is the free market economy.
Задание 10. Напишите аннотацию к тексту, используя клише данные в приложении.
Задание 11. Перепишите вопросы и ответьте на вопросы к тексту по-английски:
1. What are the types of management in economies?
2. What are the main characteristics of a planned economy?
3. What is the difference between a planned economy and a partially planned economy?
4. How does the American government influence the economy?
5. Why may the economy of the United States be called unplanned?
6. How is the American economic system called?
7. To which type do most economies in the West belong?
8. To which type does the economy of present-day Russia belong?
9. Is the level of government regulation growing or falling in Russian economy now?
Задание 12. Задайте письменно пять вопросов разного типа к тексту (Задание 9).
Задание 13. Выучите лексику по теме: I’m a student. My study at the university (см. Тексты и задания к зачету и экзамену). Напишите рассказ о себе на данную тему.
Контрольная работа №2
Для того, чтобы правильно выполнить контрольную работу №2, необходимо усвоить следующие разделы английского языка по рекомендованному учебнику:
- Видовременные формы глагола:
действительный залог
- времена группы Indefinite/Simple (Present, Past, Future Indefinite Active),
- времена группы Continuous/Progressive (Present, Past, Future Continuous Active),
- времена группы Perfect (Present, Past, Future Perfect Active),
- времена группы Perfect Continuous (Present, Past, Future Perfect Continuous Active);
страдательный залог
- времена группы Indefinite (Present, Past, Future Indefinite Passive),
- времена группы Continuous/Progressive (Present, Past, Future Continuous Passive),
- времена группы Perfect (Present, Past, Future Perfect Passive),
- Страдательный залог непереходных глаголов (глаголов, требующих после себя косвенное или предложное дополнение).
- Речевой оборот "be going to + Infinitive".
- Простые неличные формы глагола. Инфинитив (Indefinite Infinitive) и его функции в предложении (функция подлежащего, определения, дополнения, обстоятельства цели, составной части сказуемого). Способы перевода на русский язык.
- Субъектный и объектный инфинитивные обороты.
- Простые неличные формы глагола. Герундий (Gerund). Свойства существительного и глагола. Отличия герундия от причастия I. Способы перевода герундия на русский язык.
- Сложные формы причастия. Независимый причастный оборот.
- Видовременные формы Future in the Past. Согласование времен. Прямая и косвенная речь.
- Функции глаголов to have, to do, to be.
- Условные предложения. Типы условных предложений. Сослагательное наклонение.
Вариант 1
Задание 1. Перепишите предложения, выпишите сказу емые, определите их видовременную форму и залог, в скобках укажите инфинитив глагола. Переведите предложения на русский язык.
Образец:
The article was being translated the whole day long.
was being translated - Past Continuous Passive (to translate)
Статью переводили целый день.
а)
1. They will be waiting for him at 8.30.
2. This company achieved record results in 2005.
3. Profits have risen considerably.
4. How long had they been doing business with the company before they moved to a new office?
5. The economists are monitoring the prices and levels of consumption of different goods and services.
б)
1. The manufacturing process was completely restructured.
2. The new engine is being tested in the laboratory.
3. The price problem has been settled yet.
4. This work will have been done by 7 o’clock.
Задание 2. Перепишите предложения. Определите, признаком какой части речи является неличная форма глагола с суффиксом -ing: (причастия I, герундия или глагола в форме Continuous). Переведите на русский язык, обращая внимание на различные функции причастия и герундия в предложении.
Образец:
Management is the process of achieving desirable results with the
resources available. (achieving – Gerund)
Управление
это процесс достижения желаемых результатов припомощи имеющихся средств.
1. At present we are testing a consignment of units recently imported from Taiwan.
2. Taking into account the high rate of inflation in the country, potential investors are interested in putting their money in more dynamically developing companies.
3. By the end of 1987 over 250 foreign firms had expressed an interest in setting up joint ventures in the territory of the ex-USSR.
4. A company or a person buying goods in bulk (or wholesale) and selling them in small quantities is a retailer.
5. Management is the process of achieving desirable results with the resources available.
Задание 3. Перепишите предложения, переведите, обращая внимание на правила перевода сложных форм причастия и независимого причастного оборота.
- An increase in price of one percent resulting in an increase in supply of more than one percent, the supply is called elastic.
- Natural resources are one of the three factors of production, the other two being labour and capital.
- Having decreased the retail price, the new company was able to attract thousands of customers.
Задание 4. Перепишите предложения, переведите, обращая внимание на различные функции глаголов to be, to have, to do, укажите функцию глагола.
1. Unfortunately we’ll have to postpone the meeting with our business partners.
2. They will do everything in their power to help us.
3. A limited liability company or a corporation is headed by a board of directors elected by shareholders.
4. These machines have been sold at a profit.
5. The team of experts is to study the present situation in the country.
Задание 5. Перепишите предложения и переведите их. Определите, что выражают видовременные формы Past Simple, Past Perfect, а также формы, включающие should/ would.
Образец:
If I took a taxi I would catch the last train. –
Если бы я взял такси, то успел бы на последний поезд. (took,
would catch – условное предложение II типа, относится к
настоящему или будущему времени)
1. He didn’t know when the consignment of equipment would arrive.
2. You should acquire certain skills before beginning the work you are so interested in.
3. The production cost would be lower provided the obsolete equipment were replaced.
4. Unless irrigation had been required because of the extreme hot weather, the agriculturists would have obtained higher profits from selling vegetables and fruits.
5. He asked me if I knew about the largest contracts concluded by the firm.
Задание 6. Перепишите предложения, содержащие инфинитив или инфинитивные обороты. Переведите предложения, обращая внимание на различные функции инфинитива в предложении.
1. Firms and individuals spend their income to consume and to invest.
2. Financial capital to be used in a business may either belong to the business itself or it may be borrowed from a bank.
3. Private-sector producers consider profitability to be the most essential condition of their business.
4. A subsidy is known to be money or other resources provided by the government to support a business activity or a person.
5. We are to pay for services in dollars.
Задание 7. Прочитайте и письменно переведите текст.
MONOPOLY
Monopoly is a market structure with only a single seller of a commodity or service dealing with a large number of buyers. When a single seller faces a single buyer, that situation is known as bilateral monopoly.
The most important features of market structure are those which influence the nature of competition and price determination. The key element in this segment of market organization is the degree of seller concentration, or the number and size distributions of the sellers. There is monopoly when there is only one seller in an industry, and there is competition when there are many sellers in an industry. In cases of an intermediate number of sellers, that is, something between monopoly and competition, there can be two sellers (duopoly), a few sellers (oligopoly), or many sellers (atomistic competition).
Today the term monopoly is usually extended to include any group of firms which act together to fix prices or levels of production. Complete control of all output is not necessary to exercise monopoly power. Any combination of firms which controls at least 80 percent of an industry’s production can dictate the prices of the remaining 20 percent.
Aside from private monopolies, there are public monopolies. One example of a public monopoly in the United States is the nonprofit postal service. There is also the «natural» monopoly, which exists when it is more efficient, technically, to have a single seller.