3. Partnerships have many ... . One is that they receive tax benefits from the government. d. real estate
4. ... are the partners with unlimited liability. e. general partner
5. ... has the authority in management but he is not known to public. f. advantages
6. A secret partner takes part in... g. profit
7. General partners have... h. capital
8. One advantage of a partnership is that it offers a multiple source of... j. management
9. A partnership can bring much.... to the partners. k. tax benefits
Active vocabulary.
To be busy with Заниматься чем-либо
To go into business Заниматься бизнесом
To get along well Ладить друг с другом
То attract customers Привлекать покупателей
То make a right choice Сделать правильный выбор
Background Зд. Рабочий опыт
Accounting Бухгалтерский учет
То run a risk Рисковать
То be liable Нести юридич. Ответственность
Amount of money Сумма ( количество) денег
То put an amount of money into business Вложить сумму в бизнес
То combine resources Комбинировать ресурсы
Advantage Преимущество
То contribute services skills Делать вклад, содействовать
То distribute profits and losses Распределять доходы и убытки
То share Делить
The subject becomes quite Это становится делом
deal сделка
Exercise 3. Translate into English.
1. Члены правлении имеют полную юридическую ответственность.
2. Партнер с ограниченной юридической ответственностью не имеет реальной власти.
3. Секретный партнер принимает участие в управлении, но он не известен общественности.
4. Я хочу вложить деньги в недвижимость.
5. Партнерство имеет много преимуществ.
6. Партнерство часто получает налоговые льготы от правительства.
7. Мы хорошо ладим с партнером.
8. Наше кафе привлекает все больше и больше клиентов.
9. Я сделал правильный выбор. Это дело приносит много прибыли.
10. Мой рабочий опыт связан с менеджментом.
11. Она хорошо разбирается в бухгалтерском деле.
12. Мы вкладываем в дело одинаковый капитал
Grammar Exercise 1.
Make the sentences negative. Model: I am going into business.-I am not going into business.
1. Your business is receiving the tax benefits.
2. Your partnership is running the great risk.
3. We are getting along quite well with my partner.
4. They are going to be general partners.
5. The partners are sharing profits and losses with each other.
6. Their partnership is losing their profit every month.
CORPORATIONS
A business corporation is an institution established for the purpose of making profit. It is operated by individuals. Their shares of ownership are represented by stock certificates. A person who owns a stock certificate is called a stock-holder.
There are several advantages of the corporate form of ownership The first is the ability to attract the financial resources. The next advantage is the corporation attract a large amount of capital it can invest in plants, equipment and research. And the third advantage is that, a corporation can offer higher salaries and thus attract talented managers and specialists.
The privately owned business corporation is one type of corporation There are some other types too. Educational, religious, charitable institutions can also incorporate. Usually such corporation does not issue stock and is nonprofit. If there is a profit ii is reinvested in the institution rather than distributed to private stockholders.
In some western countries, cities, stains, federal government and special agencies can establish governmental corporations. A few examples of these governmental corporations are slate universities, state hospitals and city owned utilities. Governmental corporations are non-profit as a rule and usually they do not issue stock certificates.
Active vocabulary.
Corporation Корпорация
To establish Учреждать
Stock certificate Акция
Stockholder(shareholder) Акционер, держатель акций
To attract financial resources Привлекать финансовые ресурсы
To offer high salaries Предлагать высокие зарплаты
To attract a large amount of capital Привлекать большой капитал
Educations, religious, charitable Образовательные, религиозные,
institutions благотворительные учреждения
To issue stock Выпускать акции
Nonprofit Неприбыльный
To reinvest Вкладывать еще раз
Comprehension Questions
1. Who can own a corporation?
2. Is a corporation necessarily larger than a sole proprietorship?
3. What are the advantages of the corporate form of ownership?
4. What can you say about the disadvantages of the corporate form of
ownership?
5. bo the corporations issue stock to stockholder?
6. What kind of corporations usually don't issue the stock?
7. What world-known corporations do you know?
8. What types oi business usually lake the corporate form of ownership?
Vocabulary Practice
Exercise I. Choose the necessary word and put it in the sentence
1. What kind of ... is better: buying stock or buying real estate? 1 charitable
2. To attract greater financial ...the company issues the stock. 2 stock
3. A university can be...corporation. 3 resources
4. The partners didn't put the same .... into business. 4 institution
5. The group of people from different countries are going...a corporation 5 investment
6. The Red Cross is an international... organization 6 nonprofit
7.1 want to buy some ... IBM and General Motors. 7 amount of capital
8. An educational... usually reinvests all its money. 8 to establish
Active Vocabulary
bylaws юридические положения для предприятий
I need some legal advice мне нужен юридический совет
to incorporate соединяться, объединяться
to invest вкладывать деньги
to expand расширяться (о производстве)
to follow a legal procedure следовать юридической процедуре
to apply for a corporate charter подавать заявление на корпоративный патент
to issue and sell stock выпускать и продавать акции
in exchange for investment - взамен на вложенный
capital капитал
stockholder, shareholder акционер, держатель акций
to hold a meeting проводить собрание
to elect a board of directors провопить собрание директоров
to choose the company's выбирать административных
officers исполнителей компании
to have a final authority иметь решающее слово
to supervise daily осуществлять ежедневное
management руководство
to vote голосовать
annual meeting ежегодное собрание
to have limited liability иметь неограниченную юридическую ответственность
to own property владеть собственностью
to sue возбуждать судебное дело
to be sued подвергаться судебному разбирательству
Vocabulary Exercises 1
Exercise I. Transform the sentences according to the model.
Model: We are the company officers. We supervise daily management. We, as the company officers, supervise daily management.
1. My friends are the stockholders of IBM corporation. They hold annual meetings.
2. These businessmen are the organizers of this corporation. To issue and sell stock in exchange for investment capita!.
3. A corporation is the owner of the property. It has limited liability.
4. Dick is a manager. He wants to form a corporation.
5. A corporate charter is a certificate of incorporation, A charier is granted by a state officer.
6. The stockholders arc the owner of the corporation. They have final authority in management of the company.
7. The owners of the corporation arc the stockholders. The owners of the corporation must vole.
Exercise 2. Transform the sentences according to the model.
Model: We organized our corporation a year ago (to invest much money). We have been investing much money since we organized our company.
1. They became company officers (to supervise doily management).
2. My friend bought the stock of the company five years ago (to make money).
3. They received the corporate charier a month ago (to plan a meeting).
4. We advertised the application last week (wait for reply).
Дополнительный грамматический справочник
НАИБОЛЕЕ УПОТРЕБИТЕЛЬНЫЕ НАРЕЧИЯ
Наречия места и направления:
here — здесь, тут
there — там
somewhere — где-то, где-нибудь
anywhere — везде, повсюду, где-нибудь
nowhere — нигде
inside — внутри
outside — снаружи
down — внизу
back — сзади, назад
away — вдали, вон, прочь
downward — вниз
upward — вверх
Наречия времени:
now — сейчас, теперь before — до, перед, прежде ever — когда-либо never — никогда always — всегда often — часто usually — обычно seldom — редко still — все-еще already — уже, just — только-что, только yet — еще, уже sometimes — иногда today — сегодня tomorrow — завтра yesterday — вчера recently — недавно lately — в последнее время commonly — обычно
Наречия образа действия:
slowly — медленно quickly — быстро easily — легко calmly — спокойно brightly — ярко hardly — с трудом, едва
Наречия меры и степени
much — много, сильно little — немного, мало, enough — достаточно, too — слишком, almost — уже, почти very — очень
ТАБЛИЦА НЕПРАВИЛЬНЫХ ГЛАГОЛОВ
| 1 форма | 2 форма | 3 форма | 4 форма | Перевод |
| to be | was/were | been | being | быть, находиться |
| to bear | bore | born | bearing | нести |
| to beat | beat | beaten | beating | бить |
| to begin | began | begun | beginning | начинать(ся) |
| to bend | bent | bent | bending | гнуть |
| to bind | bound | bound | binding | переплетать |
| to bite | bit | bitten/bit | biting | кусать |
| to blow | blew | blown | blowing | дуть |
| to break | broke | broken | breaking | ломать |
| to bring | brought | brought | bringing | приносить |
| to build | built | built | building | строить |
| to buy | bought | bought | buying | покупать |
| to catch | caught | caught | catching | ловить |
| to choose | chose | chosen | choosing | выбирать |
| to cut | cut | cut | cutting | резать, рубить |
| to dive | dived/dove | dived | diving | нырять |
| to do | did | done | doing | делать |
| to draw | drew | drawn | drawing | рисовать, тащить |
| to drink | drank | drunk | drinking | пить |
| to drive | drove | driven | driving | вести |
| to eat | ate | eaten | eating | есть, кушать |
| to fall | fell | fallen | falling | падать |
| to feel | felt | felt | feeling | чувствовать |
| to feed | fed | fed | feeding | кормить |
| to fight | fought | fought | fighting | бороться, драться |
| to fly | flew | flown | flying | летать |
| to forbid | forbade | forbidden | forbidding | запрещать |
| to forget | forgot | forgotten | forgetting | забывать |
| to forgive | forgave | forgiven | forgiving | прощать |
| to freeze | froze | frozen | freezing | замораживать |
| to get | got | got | getting | получать, становиться |
| to give | gave | given | giving | давать |
| to go | went | gone | going | идти, ехать |
| to grow | grew | grown | growing | расти, выращивать |
| to hang | hung | hung | hanging | висеть, вешать |
| to have | had | had | having | иметь |
| to hear | heard | heard | hearing | слышать |
| to hit | hit | hit | hitting | ударять |
| to hold | held | held | holding | держать |
| to hurt | hurt | hurt | hurting | повредить |
| to know | knew | known | knowing | знать |
| to lay | laid | laid | laying | накрывать |
| to lead | lead | lead | leading | вести |
| to leap | leapt/leaped | leapt/leaped | leaping | прыгать, скакать |
| to leave | left | left | leaving | покидать, оставлять |
| to lend | lent | lent | lending | давать взаймы |
| to let | let | let | letting | позволять |
| to he | lay | lain | lying | лежать |
| to light | lit | lit | lighting | зажигать |
| to lose | lost | lost | losing | терять |
| to make | made | made | making | делать |
| to meet | met | met | meeting | встречать (ся) |
| to pay | paid | paid | paying | платить |
| to put | put | put | putting | класть, ставить |
| to read | read | read | reading | читать |
| to ride | rode | ridden | riding | ехать (верхом) |
| to ring | rang | rung | ringing | звонить, звенеть |
| to rise | rose | risen | rising | поднимать |
| to run | ran | run | running | бежать |
| to say | said | said | saying | говорить, сказать |
| to see | saw | seen | seeing | видеть |
| to sell | sold | sold | selling | продавать |
| to send | sent | sent | sending | посылать, отправлять |
| to shake | shook | shaken | shaking | трясти |
| to shine | shone | shojie | shining | светить, сиять |
| to shoot | shot | shot | shooting | стрелять, снимать |
| to show | showed | shown | showing | показывать |
| to sing | sang | sung | singing | петь |
| to sink | sank | sunk | sinking | тонуть |
| to sit | sat | sat | sitting | сидеть |
| to sleep | slept | slept | sleeping | спать |
| to speak | spoke | spoken | speaking | говорить, разговаривать |
| to spend | spent | spent | spending | тратить, проводить время |
| to stand | stood | stood | standing | стоять |
| to steal | stole | stolen | stealing | воровать, украсть |
| to stick | stuck | stuck | sticking | прилипать |
| to strike | struck | struck | striking | бить, ударять |
| to swear | swore | sworn | swearing | клясться |
| to sweep | swept | swept | sweeping | мести, подметать |
| to swim | swam | swum | swimming | плавать |
| to take | took | taken | taking | взять, брать |
| to teach | taught | taught | teaching | учить, обучать |
| to tear | tore | torn | tearing | рвать |
| to tell | told | told | telling | сказать, сообщать |
| to think | thought | thought | thinking | думать |
| to throw | threw | thrown | throwing | бросать, кидать |
| to wake | woke | woken | waking | будить, просыпаться |
| to wear | wore | wakened | wearing | носить |
| to weep | wept | wept | weeping | плакать |
| to win | won | won | winning | побеждать, выигрывать |
| to write | wrote | written | writing | писать |
Литература:
1. Агабекян И. П. Английский для средних специальных заведений. Серия « Учебники и учебные пособия». Ростов н / Д: « Феникс», 2001.- 320с.
2. Министерство транспорта Российской Федерации, Департамент автомобильного транспорта, ГУП « Центроргтрудавтотранс», Центральный учебно- методический кабинет автомобильного транспорта- Информационный бюллетень по совершенствованию учебно- методической работы государственных образовательных учреждений среднего профессионального образования автомобильного транспорта .- выпуск 5/10, Москва 2003.
3. Английский язык. Программа, методические указания и контрольные работы для студентов- заочников неязыковых вузов.- Иркутск, Изд-во ИрГТУ, 1999. Изд.2-е.-32с.
4. Антонов О. И. Английский язык для бизнесмена- М. Информпечать, при участии Верхневолжского Института предпринимательства. 1991.-112 с.
5. CATERPILLAR PARTS BOOK. PART BOOK NOMENCLATURE. ( Printed in Switzerland)