1. Some of these articles are very interesting.
2. Have you any friends in St. Petersburg?
3. There are some 363 bridges in St. Petersburg.
4. No student can translate this article without the help of a dictionary.
V. Перепишите следующие предложения, определите в них видовременные формы глаголов и укажите их инфинитив; переведите предложения на русский, язык (см. образец выполнения 3).
1. The legendary cruiser Aurora gave the signal for the assault (штурм) on the Winter Palace.
2. Every monument and every building in St. Petersburg has a history of its own.
3. St. Petersburg will maintain close contacts with other countries.
VI. Прочитайте и письменно переведите текст на русский язык.
ST. PETERSBURG
St Petersburg is the second largest city in Russia and one of the most beautiful cities in the world. It was founded in 1703 by Peter the Great as the «Window to the West». St Petersburg, a city of great beauty, with palaces, cathedrals, churches, and government buildings became the capital.
Under later rulers the new capital of the Russian Empire grew rapidly in wealth and beauty. Architects were brought from Western Europe to lay out the city in harmonious squares. Buildings were constructed of grey and rose-colored granite. The Hermitage Palace and the Winter Palace, the homes of the tsars, were equal to any in Europe.
When the First World War began in 1914, the German-sounding name, St Petersburg, was changed to Petrograd. After the Great October Revolution the city was renamed after Lenin.
During the Great Patriotic War the city suffered a great deal. The German armies laid siege to it in 1941, and for the next year and a half it was cut off from the rest of the country. No-food could be brought in, and people died of starvation; Daily shelling and air raids destroyed parts of the city, thousands of people were killed. Rebuilding took years.
Now St. Petersburg is an important industrial, cultural and educational centre. The population of the city is over 5 million.
St Petersburg is indeed a wonderful city. At every turn there is something to catch your eye. The Winter Palace, the Hermitage, the Russian Museum, St Isaac's Cathedral, the Peter-and-Paul Fortress, the Admiralty building attract thousands of tourists from every comer of the world.
Petersburg's many museums house some of the world's famous art collections. The Hermitage, for example, contains the richest collection of pictures in the world. The city is called Northern Venice because there are 65 rivers and canals there with artistically decorated bridges. It's also famous for its beautiful white nights.
ВАРИАНТ 5.
I. Перепишите следующие предложения. Определите по грамматическим признакам, какой частью речи являются слова, оформленные окончанием -s, и какую функцию это окончание выполняет, т. е. служит ли оно:
а) показателем 3-го лица единственного числа глагола в Present Indefinite;
б) признаком множественного числа имени существительного или
в) показателем притяжательного падежа имени существительного (см. образец выполнения 1).
1. This teacher lectures on Physics.
2. His lectures are of great help to us.
3. This city’s art museums enjoy great popularity.
4. The first permanent white settlers came to New York from Holland in 1626.
II. Перепишите следующие предложения и переведите их, обращая внимание на особенности перевода на русский язык определении, выраженных именами существительными (см. образец выполнения 2).
1. There are many new machine building factories in the country.
2. It is on Manhattan Island that most of the skyscrapers are located.
3. Many people work in light and food industry enterprises.
III. Перепишите следующие предложения, содержащие разные формы сравнения, и переведите их на русский язык.
1. Today there are more people living in the New York City than in Australia, Peru or Sweden.
2. The subway train can go as fast as railroad trains.
3. The Volga is much longer than the Thames.
4. New York moves vertically as well as horizontally.
IV. Перепишите и письменно переведите на русский язык следующие предложения, обращая особое внимание на перевод неопределенных и отрицательных местоимений.
1. Today some of this land costs a million dollars an acre.
2. One may find little shops where imitation diamonds and cheap souvenirs are sold.
3. Do you go anywhere in the morning?
4. Any student translated this text without a dictionary.
V. Перепишите следующие предложения, определите в них видовременные формы глаголов и укажите их инфинитив; переведите предложения на русский, язык (см. образец выполнения 3).
1. People live on the ground, travel under the ground and work in the sky in New York.
2. These Dutch settlers bought all of Manhattan Island from the Indians.
3. Neither my friend nor I translated this text.
4. Train 348 will return in two days.
VI. Прочитайте и письменно переведите текст на русский язык.
NEW YORK
New York is a city where all the languages of the world are spoken and where people live on the ground, travel under the ground and work in the sky.
New York makes a great impression on all visitors because of its many high buildings, its theatres, museums and hotels, its beautiful bridges, and its expensive shops with their fabulous prices.
The first permanent white settlers came to New York from Holland in 1626. These Dutch settlers bought all of Manhattan Island from the Indians for the equivalent of twenty-five dollars, while today some of this land costs a million dollars an acre. This island is the heart of the city.
It is on Manhattan Island that most of the skyscrapers are located. This island is connected by six long bridges, as well as by tunnels and ferries, with the other four districts that constitute New York City.
New York is the largest city in the United States. Today there are more people living in the New York City than in Australia, Peru or Sweden.
For transportation New York depends mainly on buses, the subway, taxis and ferries. The buses are slow because of the crowded streets, whereas the subway train can go as fast as railroad trains, sometimes stopping only at the most important stations. We may go all day by the subway for the same fare, if we only change trains but do not go out of the stations.
New York moves vertically as well as horizontally, taking its people by elevator to their offices on the fortieth, sixtieth, and eightieth floor.
New York is the richest and the poorest, the most modern and the most old-fashioned of cities. It is the home of expensive hotels and cheap boarding houses, the home of symphonies and popular jazz, of cathedrals and night clubs; the home of the famous Metropolitan Opera and the Metropolitan Museum of Art; the home of most of the largest publishing houses of the United States and the biggest newspapers. On the Fifth Avenue there are many expensive stores of international fame, but around the comer one may find little shops where imitation diamonds and cheap souvenirs are sold.
КОНТРОЛЬНОЕ ЗАДАНИЕ 2.
Для того чтобы правильно выполнить задание 2, необходимо усвоить следующие разделы курса:
1. Видовременные формы глагола: а) активный залог - формы Indefinite (Present, Past, Future); формы Continuous (Present, Past, Future); формы Perfect (Present, Past, Future); б) пассивный залог - формы Indefinite (Present, Past, Future).
Особенности перевода пассивных конструкций на русский язык.
2. Модальные глаголы: а) выражающие возможность: can(could), may и эквивалент глагола can - to be able; б) выражающие долженствование: must, его эквиваленты to have to и to be to; should.
3. Простые неличные формы глагола: Participle I (Present Participle), Participle II (Past Participle) в функциях определения и обстоятельства. Gerund - герундий, простые формы.
4. Определительные и дополнительные придаточные предложения (союзные); придаточные обстоятельственные предложения времени и условия.
5. Интернациональные слова.
Используйте следующие образцы выполнения упражнений.
ОБРАЗЕЦ ВЫПОЛНЕНИЯ 1 (К УПР. I)
а) Lobachevsky's geometry had revolutionized mathematics and the philosophy of science.
Геометрия Лобачевского произвела коренное изменение в математике и философии науки.
Had revolutionized - Past Perfect Active от глагола to revolutionize.
6) The new laboratory equipment was sent for yesterday. Вчера послали за новым оборудованием лаборатории.
Was sent for – Past Indefinite Passive от глагола to send.
ОБРАЗЕЦ ВЫПОЛНЕНИЯ 2 (К УПР. II)
1. The changes affecting the composition of materials are called the chemical changes.
Изменения, влияющие на состав материалов, называются химическими изменениями.
Affecting - Participle I, определение.
2. When heated to the boiling point water evaporates.
Когда воду нагревают до точки кипения, она испаряется. (When) heated - Participle II, обстоятельство.
3. Heat is radiated by the Sun to the Earth.
Тепло излучается Солнцем на Землю.
Radiated - Participle II, составная часть видо-временной формы Present Indefinite Passive от глагола to radiate.
ВАРИАНТ 1
I. Перепишите следующие предложения; подчеркните в каждом из них глагол-сказуемое и определите его видовременную форму и залог. Переведите предложения на русский язык. В разделе (б) обратите внимание на перевод пассивных конструкций.
а) 1.Russian chemical science is successfully solving many complex problems.
2. What is the name of the book you have read?
б) 1. When much material had been looked through and some problems had been solved, the article was published.
2. His scientific work is much spoken about.
II. Перепишите следующие предложения; подчеркните Participle I и Participle II и установите функции каждого из них, т.е. укажите, является ли оно определением, обстоятельством или частью глагола-сказуемого. Переведите предложения на русский язык.
1. Countries wishing to cooperate with us will always find the necessary understanding.
2. When reconstructed, this building looked more beautiful than before.
3. The explanation given was not complete.
4. A simple laboratory experiment demonstrating this principle is shown in Fig. 5.
III. Перепишите следующие предложения; подчеркните в каждом из них модальный глагол или его эквивалент. Переведите предложения на русский язык.
1. One object may be larger than another one, but it may weigh less.
2. Every engineer must know at least one foreign language.
3. As he received a bad mark, he had to go over the material again.
4. Your brother should consult a dictionary or ask advice.
IV. Перепишите и письменно переведите текст.
PIG BREEDING
The most common rearing system is to leave the piglets with the sow until they are 6 to 8 weeks old. The sow and her litter can be housed in a rearing hut and run on a concrete yard, or reared completely indoors in a pen, or moved out into a clean field and given a rearing hut when the piglets are 10 to 14 days old.
For the first 3 weeks of its life the piglet is almost entirely dependent on its mother's milk. That is why she should be well fed at this time. Infra-red lamps are a great aid in the successful rearing of young pigs.
In order to achieve good weaning weights most farmers give piglets creep food in addition to the sow's milk. Food is first offered in clean, low, metal troughs in the creep when the piglets are between 2 and 3 weeks of age. Initially, scattering a little food on the floor near the troughs will encourage the piglets to start eating. The food provided must be fresh and palatable, and is usually fed dry. Water must be provided in a clean trough close to the food.
Whether the pigs are intended for bacon or pork, the feeding from weaning until they reach 100 (45 kg) or 120 lb (54kg) in weight is the same. The food must be palatable to encourage the pigs to eat the maximum amount, and it must be nutritious and particularly well fortified with protein, minerals and vitamins. So, barley or maize meals are much to be preferred to oats.
From about 120 lb (54 kg) live weight onwards, the feeding of pigs will be varied according to the market for which they are intended.
Bacon pigs are sold at between 190 lb and 210 lb (86 kg and 95 kg) live weight and they must be lengthy animals without excessive quantities of fat. The difficulty is to produce a relatively lean animal at a stage in its life when it would normally be laying down fat. That is why the production of bacon demands the greatest skill in breeding, feeding and management.
ВАРИАНТ 2
1. Перепишите следующие предложения, подчеркните в каждом из них глагол-сказуемое и определите его видовременную форму и залог. Переведите предложения на русский язык. В разделе (б) обратите внимание на перевод пассивных конструкций.
а) 1. Today scientists are still looking for the substance as a source of energy.
2. I have known this fact since our meeting.
б) 1. This lecturer is listened to with great interest.
2. The intensity of this process is influenced by many factors.
II. Перепишите следующие предложения; подчеркните Participle I и Participle II и установите функции каждого из них, т.е. укажите, является ли оно определением, обстоятельством или частью глагола-сказуемого. Переведите предложения на русский язык.