1. Why are social work and social care difficult to define?
2. How can legislation change social services?
3. Who decides whether social workers should intervene in a situation?
4. How are social workers involved in a balancing act?
5. How is this contradiction resolved in the UK and Germany?
1. People should send their complaints to the head office.
2. They had to postpone the meeting because of illness.
3. Somebody might have stolen your car if you had left the keys in it.
4. An electrical fault could have caused the fire.
5. They are going to hold next year congress in San Francisco.
6. The postman delivers newspapers regularly.
7. She could book the ticket later.
8. They had offered me a job at a local bank.
1. Tom … drive but he hasn't got a car.
2. My grandmother loved music. She … play the piano very well.
3. You … have an international passport to visit foreign countries.
4. The government … do something about the economy.
5. I promised I'd be on time. I … be late.
6. The man … be a foreigner.
7. He … understand Russian.
8. You … tell the truth.
1. (talk) to him was like (play) upon the exquisite violin.
2. It seems awful (plant) myself on you.
3. Then suddenly he stopped (laugh) and frowned.
4. There is no sense in (talk) to him.
5. No one likes (make) to look a perfect damned fool.
1. My father and I spent an hour or so (take) out materials to that room.
2. He stood for a while (hold) my hands.
3. He answered through the (lock) door.
4. The housekeeper had come out of her room (attract) by the violent ringing of the bell.
5. Generally (speak), the problem is not so easy as it seems to be.
1. Я уверена, ему зададут много вопросов, когда он закончит говорить.
2. На вечере им показали очень интересный фильм.
3. Эти вопросы будут затронуты на завтрашнем собрании.
4. Ему сообщили эту новость перед тем, как он уехал.
5. Им объяснили все значения этого слова.
6. Над его шутками всегда смеются.
7. Мне лишь упомянули об этом случае.
8. Почту просмотрели утром.
9. Секретарю продиктовали письмо по телефону.
10. Об этом фильме много говорят.
1. Most people can have difficulty describing what a social worker does.
2. Domestic violence historically has been viewed as a private family matter.
3. Prolonged stress leads to physical and mental exhaustion.
Domestic violence (also known as domestic abuse or spousal abuse) occurs when a family member, partner or ex-partner attempts to physically or psychologically dominate another. Domestic violence often refers to violence between spouses, or spousal abuse but can also include cohabitants and non-married intimate partners. Domestic violence occurs in all cultures; people of all races, ethnicities, religions, sexes and classes can be perpetrators of domestic violence. Domestic violence is perpetrated by both men and women.
Domestic violence has many forms, including physical violence, sexual abuse, emotional abuse, intimidation, economic deprivation, and threats of violence. Violence can be criminal and includes physical assault (hitting, pushing, shoving, etc.), sexual abuse (unwanted or forced sexual activity), and stalking. Although emotional, psychological and financial abuses are not criminal behaviours, they are forms of abuse and can lead to criminal violence.
Recent attention to domestic violence began in the women's movement, particularly feminism and women's rights, in the 1970s, as concern about wives being beaten by their husbands gained attention. Awareness and documentation of domestic violence differs from country to country. Estimates are that only about a third of cases of domestic violence are actually reported in the United States and the United Kingdom. According to the Centers for Disease Control, domestic violence is a serious, preventable public health problem affecting more than 32 million Americans, or more than 10% of the U.S. population.
1. What is domestic violence?
2. What are the types of domestic violence?
3. Is domestic abuse a male or female preserve?
4. What abuses are not criminal behaviours?
5. What movements raised awareness of domestic abuse?
1. They shouldn't have played the football match in such bad weather.
2. People don't use this road very often.
3. They cancelled all flights because of the fog.
4. Somebody accused me of stealing the money.
5. They are building a new ring-road around the city.
6. Have you warned them about the meeting?
7. They will have repaired my shoes by the evening.
8. I didn't attend the meeting because you hadn't warned me.
1. He can't play tennis very well now but he … play quite well.
2. If you have a bad toothache you … go to the dentist.
3. You can tell Tom what I said but he … keep it a secret.
4. I … like some information about hotels, please.
5. She stayed in bed this morning because she … go to work.
6. You … feel hungry.
7. Teenagers … drink alcohol.
8. You … answer my question if you don't want to.
1. I don't mind (tell) you what I know.
2. We did not mind (question) by the police.
3. I really shouldn't dream of (ask) her.
4. He didn't go without (congratulate) by Amy.
5. The door opened quietly and he went without (say) a word.
1. She answered (go) into the house and (lead) into a small sitting room.
2. There are difficulties (put) in their way.
3. I enjoyed the book. It was very (interest).
4. They were (shock) when they heard the news.
5. He thought the story was (amuse).
1. Не закрывайте окно. Его только что открыли.
2. В этом году построено много новых домов.
3. Было обсуждено только два вопроса, когда мы услышали звонок.
4. Как долго строят этот стадион?
5. Они заблудились, потому что им не показали дорогу.
6. Когда будет обсуждаться этот вопрос?
7. Об этом факте давно знают.
8. Все письма будут написаны к пяти часам.
9. Мне было интересно, где спрятали ключ.
10. Ему сказали, что он должен прийти в 8 часов.
1. People might lose their homes due to unemployment, overwhelming medical expenses, debts or domestic violence.
2. A council representative explained that the building needed repairs and complete redecoration.
3. There has been significant growth in the number of employees working extremely long hours.
Social policy studies not merely the organization and delivery of state welfare services, but is concerned with how well-being can be developed in society at large. Well-being can be achieved through the satisfaction of individuals' socially defined needs. Although adequacy of food, shelter and clothing may seem to be an unambiguous measure of need, these needs are expressed differently by people from different cultures and societies. If we take into account people's psychological and emotional development, the issue becomes more complex and presents social policy with new challenges. If, for example, parents can not leave their children to play safely in the street for fear of a car accident or abduction, then their sense of well-being is affected. These questions require us to be clear at what level and to what extent the welfare state can and should satisfy need.
At one level we can take a more inclusive view and include differences of culture, taste and the so-called higher emotional and psychological needs. Or we can use a restrictive approach, which keeps the satisfaction of needs at a basic level, usually focusing on food, shelter and clothing. These questions move beyond the academic when we consider how far the state should satisfy the needs of specific individuals. How much, for example, should the state allocate as social security benefits to meet the needs of those unable to maintain themselves? Should the present basic level of income support be increased to meet the wider social and psychological needs of claimants? How much recognition of different needs between claimants should there be? Should the extra costs incurred in being a single parent / carer or a person with a physical disability be taken into account? Does not allowing for these extra costs in the benefit paid to these groups greatly reduce their ability to participate fully in society?
Unlike other disciplines, therefore, social policy does not content itself only with academic considerations; it aims to improve social conditions.
1. What is social policy concerned with?
2. How can well-being be achieved?
3. Why are social needs expressed differently?
4. What should be taken into account when allocating social security benefits?
5. What is the aim of social policy?
1. I didn't realize that someone was recording our conversation.
2. They have changed the date of the meeting.
3. Brian told me that somebody had attacked and robbed him in the street.
4. They don't pay Jim very much.
5. They will ask you a lot of questions at the interview.
6. I have lost some secret papers.
7. They had packed the suitcases when the bellboy arrived.
8. They are counting the prize money.
1. I looked everywhere for the book but I … find it.
2. She wasn't at home when I phoned but I … contact her at her office.
3. … I come in? – Please, do.
4. When you come to London again you … come and see us.
5. Hello, … I speak to Tom, please?
6. He … be sick.
7. The children … stay outside themselves.
8. Somebody … take the responsibility for the accident.
1. Even a criminal must be told the nature of his crime before (convict).
2. The boy is fond of (play) with pebbles.
3. You couldn't look at her without (strike) by her modesty.
4. The prospect of (spend) the whole week with Michael was enchanting.
5. She consoled herself by (think) that he loved her as much as he was capable of (love).
1. It was (surprise) that she didn't come to the station.
2. I usually find hockey rather (bore).
3. Are you (interest) in biology?
4. She was too (frighten) to call.
5. (paralise) with terror he didn't know what to do.
1. Можно ли положиться на эти цифры?
2. Книги, которые хорошо читаются, редко найдешь на полках библиотек.
3. Когда мы приехали в Киев, это здание было только что восстановлено.
4. Со мной так еще никогда не разговаривали.
5. Этот материал хорошо носится и стирается.
6. Что строится на этой стороне реки?
7. Почему так прохладно в зале? – Его как раз проветривают.
8. Ваш проект уже принят? – Нет, он все еще рассматривается.
9. Когда мы пришли, обсуждалась новая картина этого режиссера.
10. Чей концерт сейчас исполняется?
1. 50 to 70 percent of doctors' visits are due to stress-related illnesses.
2. Demand management refers to patient education, training programs, early detection, and self-care programs.
3. Job settings include family and child welfare agencies, hospitals and other health care facilities.
Gentrification refers to the physical, social, economic, and cultural phenomenon whereby working-class and/or inner-city neighbourhoods are converted into more affluent middle-class communities, as by remodelling buildings, resulting in increased property values and in the displacement of the poor. Gentrification is a complex term that is difficult to define; it is a process that has inherent class connotations and is an extremely visible process that plays a key role in the physical and social form of contemporary cities. Gentrification is intertwined with change; as the community's buildings undergo renovation and beautification, rents increase resulting in a displacement of old residents that are replaced by more affluent ones.
Sociologist Ruth Glass coined the term in 1964, which she defined using London districts such as Islington as her example:
One by one, many of the working class quarters of London have been invaded by the middle-class – upper and lower. Shabby, modest mews and cottages – two rooms up and two down – have been taken over, when their leases have expired, and have become elegant, expensive residents [...]. Once this process of "gentrification" starts in a district it goes on rapidly until all or most of the original working class occupiers are displaced and the whole social character of the district is changed.
Gentrification can be a politically contentious issue. Gentrification highlights the instability of renting, whereby people might be forced to move away from newly desirable areas because the rent has now gone higher. Usually this conflict is limited to the local level and therefore many who live outside urban areas may not be aware of it. In response to gentrification pressure, cities in which there are more renters than owners often pass rent control ordinances.
1. What is gentrification?
2. How does it affect the poor?
3. How does it change the face of the city?
4. What social effects does it have?
5. Is gentrification a visible process?
1. Nobody told me that George was ill.
2. His colleagues gave him a present when he retired.
3. I think they should have offered Tom the job.