2. There are differences in the lay-out of the letter in writing the date, the greeting, the complimentary close, the punctuation. But there is also a difference in style. English business letter writers are not so ready to comply with new trends, though they too, have considerably modernized their letters. American writers, on the contrary, have completely got rid of the old-fashioned style of writing and have even the tendency to introduce slang into business letters. They are constantly looking for new psychological methods of approach to the customer, of impressing him and winning him over by appealing to his feelings and making him the center of the letter. Special attention is paid to differences of the letter. The most striking differences are the following:
| American | English | ||
| -or (color, favor) | -our (colour, favour) | ||
| -1 (traveler, traveled) | -11 (traveller, travelled) | ||
| -se (defense) | -ce (defence) | ||
| -er (center, theater) | -re (centre, theatre) | ||
| Thou | Though | ||
| Thru | Through | ||
| Check | Cheque | ||
| Catalog | Catalogue |
4. Many weights and measures, although bearing the same names, differ considerably from each other in the countries.
5. The American usage differs from the English usage also in pronunciation, intonation and syntax.
Пояснения к тексту:
It is beyond the scope of this text. - это вне компетенции этого текста.
Take into account - принимать во внимание (в расчёт)
The lay-out - макет (книги, газеты, письма)
The complimentary close - окончание письма, в котором передают приветы и выражают пожелания
Get rid of - избавляться
Measures - меры сыпучих тел
8. Ответьте письменно на вопросы:
1. Does the English that is spoken and written in other parts of the world have its own characteristic features?
2. What differences are there between business letter in Great Britain and in the USA?
3. What tendency do American business writers have?
4. Why are the American business writers constantly looking for new psychological methods of approach to the customer?
ВАРИАНТ № 3
У. Перепишите следующие предложения. Определите по грамматическим признакам, какой частью речи являются слова, оформленные окончанием -s, и какую функцию это окончание выполняет, т.е. служит ли оно:
а) показателем 3-го лица единственного числа глагола вPresent Indefinite Active;
б) признаком множественного числа имени существительного;
в) показателем притяжательного падежа имени существительного (см. образец выполнения I). Переведите предложения на русский язык.
1. The engineers of the Ministry often go to different countries to do business with foreign companies.
2. During the day Mr. Smith meets many businessmen and discusses with them prices for different goods.
3. The city's airport receives numerous international flights.
2. Перепишите следующие предложения и переведите их, обращая внимание на особенности перевода на русский язык определений, выраженных именем существительным (см. образец выполнения 2).
1. James Rondo works for a company, which sells office equipment.
2. Nancy is the company manager.
3. We are interested in the goods of Brown and Co.
3. Перепишите следующие предложения, содержащие разные формы сравнения и переведите их на русский язык.
1. The blue coat costs $ 300. It is less expensive than the red one.
2. The more you read the more you know.
3. The suit is as expensive as the raincoat.
4. Прочитайте и переведите текст устно. Выпишите из текста прилагательные в сравнительной степени.
A LETTER Dear Irene,
I am very happy in my new job and my new town. In fact I am much happier than I was before. I like my new job very much. It's much better than my old one. My boss is more polite than my old boss. My office is larger than the previous one. My co-workers are more friendly than the ones I worked with before. My hours are shorter than the hours, at my old job. And my salary is higher than the previous salary.
I also like my new town. You should visit me here. I think you'll like it a lot. Please, write soon.
Sincerely, Lucy. .
5. Перепишите следующие предложения, определите в них видовременные формы глаголов и укажите их инфинитив; переведите предложения на русский язык (см. образец
выполнения 3).
1. Mr. Franklin works at the shoe department during the week, but he doesn't work there on the weekend.
2. The men's department had a good selection of goods.
3. I'll in at the supermarket on my way home.
4. They are translating an English text at the classroom.
5. My sister was watching TV when I came into the room.
6. Перепишите следующие предложения, переведите их на русский язык, задайте к каждому из них общий вопрос (см. образец выполнения 4).
7. There are a lot of places of interest in Great Britain.
8. Sydney became one of the largest cities in Australia.
9. There will be a new scientific center there.
10. We have a chance to visit some places of interest.
11. The language laboratory helps the students to improve their pronunciation.
7. Прочитайте и устно переведите текст. Затем перепишите и письменно переведите 1,2,3,4,5 абзацы текста.
GREAT BRITAIN
1. The British Isles lie off the north-west coast of Europe and are made up of two main islands and more than 5,000 smaller ones.
2. Great Britain, which is officially known as the United Kingdom of Northern Ireland, is the political unity of England, Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland. Its capital is London.
3. Britain's major industries include iron and steel, engineering, comprising motor vehicles and aircraft, textiles and chemicals.
4. Great Britain is a highly industrialized country. But it possesses very few of the raw materials necessary for its industry. Most of them must be imported.
5. The main grain crops are wheat, barley, cats and rye. Potatoes and vegetables are grown in all parts of Great Britain. A wide variety of fruit, mostly apples, pears, cherries and plums, grow in
the gardens and orchards and there are large plantations of different berries all over the country.
6. Cattle - breeding and sheep - farming are also important branches of the British economy.
7. All cities and towns of Great Britain have enterprises producing not only heavy machines, railway carriages, motorcars but electrical, radio and electronic appliances, chemical products.
8. Great Britain is a constitutional monarchy and the Queen is the head of the state. But in practice the country is governed by the elected government with a Prime Minister at the head. The
British Parliament is made up of the Queen, the Houses of Lords and the Houses of Commons.
8. Прочтите 8 абзац текста и вопрос к нему. Из приведённых ниже вариантов ответов укажите номер предложения, содержащего правильный ответ на поставленный вопрос.
Who governs the country in practice?
1. The Queen governs the country.
2. The government with a Prime Minister at the head governs the country.
3. The Opposition governs the country.
ВАРИАНТ № 4
1. Перепишите следующие предложения. Определите по грамматическим признакам, какой частью речи являются слова, оформленные окончанием -s, и какую функцию это окончание выполняет, т.е. служит ли оно:
а) показателем 3-го лица единственного числа глагола в Present Indefinite Active;
б) признаком множественного числа имени существительного;
в) показателем притяжательного падежа имени существительного (см. образец выполнения I). Переведите предложения на русский язык.
1. Shops and department stores are open every day till 6 o'clock p.m. except Sundays.
2. The shop assistant helps the customer choose the necessary goods.
3. Trafalgar square is named in the memory of Admiral Nelson's victory at the battle of Trafalgar in 1805.
2. Перепишите следующие предложения и переведите их, обращая внимание на особенности перевода на русский язык определении, выраженных именем существительным (см. образец выполнения 2).
1. Mr. Smith is the manager of a small furniture company.
2. We know the prices on the world market for this kind of goods.
3. This firm established good business relations with many companies.
3. Перепишите следующие предложения, содержащие разные формы сравнения и переведите их на русский язык.
1. Better late than never.
2. This shirt is too big for me. Have you got them in a smaller size?
3. London is the oldest and greatest city in the world.
4. Прочитайте и переведите текст устно. Выпишите из текста прилагательные в превосходной степени.
LONDON Л
It is one of the largest cities in the world, one of the world's most important ports. London is more than two thousand and five hundred years old. Most of the streets are not very wide and most of the buildings are not tall.
London Underground is the oldest and longest in Europe. The oldest part of London is the City, the business center. The East End and the West End are another parts of London. The West End is the richest part of London and the East End is the poorest part of London.
5. Перепишите следующие предложения, определите в них видовременные формы глаголов и укажите их инфинитив; переведите предложения на русский язык (см. образец
выполнения 3).
1. Mr. Smith goes on business at the time.
2. Belarussian experts will discuss the price problems with the English businessmen.
3. Mr. Blake arrived in Minsk to have talks.
4. Look! They are working in the garden now.
5. Nick was making a report at 2 o'clock on Monday.
6. Перепишите следующие предложения, переведите их на русский язык, задайте к каждому из них общий вопрос (см. образец выполнения 4).
1. London stands on the River Thames.
2. He was reading some poems by Byron.
3. The invaders destroyed London except for the wall.
4. They had no free time in London.
5. The City is the business heart of London.
7. Прочитайте и устно переведите текст. Затем перепишите и письменно переведите 1,2 и 5 абзацы текста.
THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
1. The United States of America is a country of great differences. At the same time it has surprising similarities. The differences are partly a result of the geography. The United States is a country of great contrasts in landscape, climate and even the way of living because the nation occupies nearly half of a continent.
2. There can be found high mountains and prairies, tropical heat and arctic cold, fertile valleys and desert areas. All sorts of products are raised and there are industries of every kind.
3. Each region of the United States has characteristics of its own. There are large and modern cities, but a great proportion of the country consists of open land with farmhouses and small towns. In spite of this, however, and in spite of the size of the country, there are striking uniformities in the American scene.
4. The capital of the USA is the City of Washington. It is like no other city of the USA. ashington was created to be the seat of government of the nation.
5. New York is a great financial center of the USA, the biggest seaport. New York is the leading center of many branches of Industry.
Пояснения к тексту:
fertile valley - плодородная долина
desert area - пустынная территория
characteristic - отличительная черта, особенность
8. Прочтите 4ый абзац текста и данный ниже вопрос к нему. Из приведённых вариантов ответов укажите номер предложения, содержащего правильный ответ на поставленный вопрос:
What city became the seat of government of the nation?
1. Washington does not belong to any of the 50 states of the USA.
2. Washington was created to be the seat of government of the nation.
3. Washington belongs to all the states of the USA.
ВАРИАНТ № 5
1. Перепишите следующие предложения. Определите по грамматическим признакам, какой частью речи являются слова, оформленные окончанием -s, и какую функцию это окончание выполняет, т.е. служит ли оно:
а) показателем 3-го лица единственного числа глагола в Present Indefinite Active;
б) признаком множественного числа имени существительного;
в) показателем притяжательного падежа имени существительного (см. образец выполнения I). Переведите предложения на русский язык.
1. The manager needs special practice.
2. This young specialist's lectures are helpful.
3. Washington has many famous building and monuments.
2. Перепишите следующие предложения и переведите их, обращая внимание на особенности перевода на русский язык определений, выраженных именем существительным (см. образец выполнения 2).
1. The British Parliament delegation makes a two-week visit to Belarus.
2. The great public art collections of London are situated here.
3. A lot of people spend a considerable part of the day in this center of business life.