Рассмотрим экспоненциальное сглаживание с коэффициентом адаптации a=0,5:
t | Y | Y cглаж. при 0,5 | Прогноз | |Y-Y*| | |Y-Y*|^2 |
1 | 75,0 | 65,3875 | 57,0467922 | 17,9532078 | 322,3176687 |
2 | 72,0 | 68,69375 | 56,9328127 | 15,0671873 | 227,0201338 |
3 | 69,0 | 68,84688 | 56,8190608 | 12,1809392 | 148,3752787 |
4 | 64,5 | 66,67344 | 56,7055363 | 7,79446372 | 60,75366462 |
5 | 60,0 | 63,33672 | 56,5922385 | 3,40776145 | 11,61283812 |
6 | 59,5 | 61,41836 | 56,4791672 | 3,02083282 | 9,125430933 |
7 | 59,0 | 60,20918 | 56,3663217 | 2,63367827 | 6,936261242 |
8 | 58,0 | 59,10459 | 56,2537017 | 1,74629826 | 3,049557607 |
9 | 57,0 | 58,05229 | 56,1413068 | 0,85869323 | 0,737354062 |
10 | 56,0 | 57,02615 | 56,0291364 | 0,02913636 | 0,000848928 |
11 | 55,0 | 56,01307 | 55,9171901 | 0,91719008 | 0,841237635 |
12 | 53,0 | 54,50654 | 55,8054675 | 2,80546746 | 7,870647644 |
13 | 51,0 | 52,75327 | 55,6939681 | 4,69396806 | 22,03333612 |
14 | 50,5 | 51,62663 | 55,5826914 | 5,08269143 | 25,83375222 |
15 | 50,0 | 50,81332 | 55,4716371 | 5,47163714 | 29,93881303 |
16 | 50,0 | 50,40666 | 55,3608047 | 5,36080474 | 28,73822744 |
17 | 49,0 | 49,70333 | 55,2501938 | 6,25019378 | 39,06492224 |
18 | 48,0 | 48,85166 | 55,1398038 | 7,13980382 | 50,97679853 |
19 | 46,5 | 47,67583 | 55,0296344 | 8,52963441 | 72,75466324 |
20 | 45,0 | 46,33792 | 54,9196851 | 9,91968513 | 98,40015311 |
21 | 45,0 | 45,66896 | 54,8099555 | 9,80995553 | 96,23522745 |
22 | 45,0 | 45,33448 | 54,7004452 | 9,70044516 | 94,09863636 |
23 | 46,0 | 45,66724 | 54,5911536 | 8,5911536 | 73,80792019 |
24 | 47,0 | 46,33362 | 54,4820804 | 7,4820804 | 55,98152716 |
25 | 48,5 | 47,41681 | 54,3732251 | 5,87322513 | 34,49477347 |
26 | 50,0 | 48,7084 | 54,2645874 | 4,26458736 | 18,18670533 |
27 | 51,0 | 49,8542 | 54,1561666 | 3,15616664 | 9,961387858 |
28 | 52,0 | 50,9271 | 54,0479625 | 2,04796255 | 4,194150592 |
29 | 53,0 | 51,96355 | 53,9399746 | 0,93997465 | 0,883552334 |
30 | 54,0 | 52,98178 | 53,8322025 | 0,1677975 | 0,028156 |
31 | 54,5 | 53,74089 | 53,7246457 | 0,77535431 | 0,601174303 |
32 | 55,0 | 54,37044 | 53,6173038 | 1,38269622 | 1,911848842 |
33 | 57,0 | 55,68522 | 53,5101763 | 3,48982367 | 12,17886922 |
34 | 59,0 | 57,34261 | 53,4032629 | 5,59673707 | 31,32346583 |
35 | 60,5 | 58,92131 | 53,2965631 | 7,20343686 | 51,8895026 |
36 | 62,0 | 60,46065 | 53,1900765 | 8,80992346 | 77,61475145 |
37 | 64,0 | 62,23033 | 53,0838027 | 10,9161973 | 119,1633637 |
38 | 66,0 | 64,11516 | 52,9777412 | 13,0222588 | 169,5792247 |
39 | 66,5 | 65,30758 | 52,8718916 | 13,6281084 | 185,725339 |
40 | 67,0 | 66,15379 | 52,7662535 | 14,2337465 | 202,5995401 |
41 | Прогнозн. значения | I полуг. 2010 | 52,6608264 | ||
42 | II полуг. 2010 | 52,55561 | |||
Средняя абсолютная ошибка | 6,298872639 | ||||
Среднеквадратическая ошибка | 60,2 |
t | Y | Y cглаж. | Прогноз | |Y-Y*| | |Y-Y*|^2 |
1 | 75,0 | 70,19375 | 56,5903813 | 18,4096187 | 338,9140602 |
2 | 72,0 | 71,54844 | 56,5338192 | 15,4661808 | 239,202748 |
3 | 69,0 | 69,63711 | 56,4773137 | 12,5226863 | 156,8176733 |
4 | 64,5 | 65,78428 | 56,4208646 | 8,07913543 | 65,27242926 |
5 | 60,0 | 61,44607 | 56,3644719 | 3,63552809 | 13,2170645 |
6 | 59,5 | 59,98652 | 56,3081356 | 3,19186439 | 10,18799829 |
7 | 59,0 | 59,24663 | 56,2518556 | 2,74814438 | 7,55229754 |
8 | 58,0 | 58,31166 | 56,1956319 | 1,80436812 | 3,255744313 |
9 | 57,0 | 57,32791 | 56,1394643 | 0,86053566 | 0,740521628 |
10 | 56,0 | 56,33198 | 56,0833529 | 0,08335293 | 0,006947711 |
11 | 55,0 | 55,33299 | 56,0272976 | 1,02729761 | 1,055340383 |
12 | 53,0 | 53,58325 | 55,9712983 | 2,97129832 | 8,828613697 |
13 | 51,0 | 51,64581 | 55,915355 | 4,915355 | 24,16071474 |
14 | 50,5 | 50,78645 | 55,8594676 | 5,35946759 | 28,72389285 |
15 | 50,0 | 50,19661 | 55,803636 | 5,80363604 | 33,68219132 |
16 | 50,0 | 50,04915 | 55,7478603 | 5,7478603 | 33,03789802 |
17 | 49,0 | 49,26229 | 55,6921403 | 6,6921403 | 44,78474184 |
18 | 48,0 | 48,31557 | 55,636476 | 7,636476 | 58,3157657 |
19 | 46,5 | 46,95389 | 55,5808673 | 9,08086733 | 82,46215152 |
20 | 45,0 | 45,48847 | 55,5253142 | 10,5253142 | 110,78224 |
21 | 45,0 | 45,12212 | 55,4698167 | 10,4698167 | 109,6170614 |
22 | 45,0 | 45,03053 | 55,4143746 | 10,4143746 | 108,4591982 |
23 | 46,0 | 45,75763 | 55,3589879 | 9,35898792 | 87,59065485 |
24 | 47,0 | 46,68941 | 55,3036566 | 8,3036566 | 68,95071294 |
25 | 48,5 | 48,04735 | 55,2483806 | 6,74838059 | 45,54064054 |
26 | 50,0 | 49,51184 | 55,1931598 | 5,19315982 | 26,96890893 |
27 | 51,0 | 50,62796 | 55,1379942 | 4,13799425 | 17,1229964 |
28 | 52,0 | 51,65699 | 55,0828838 | 3,08288381 | 9,504172612 |
29 | 53,0 | 52,66425 | 55,0278285 | 2,02782846 | 4,112088274 |
30 | 54,0 | 53,66606 | 54,9728281 | 0,97282814 | 0,946394588 |
31 | 54,5 | 54,29152 | 54,9178828 | 0,41788279 | 0,174626025 |
32 | 55,0 | 54,82288 | 54,8629924 | 0,13700764 | 0,018771095 |
33 | 57,0 | 56,45572 | 54,8081568 | 2,19184321 | 4,804176679 |
34 | 59,0 | 58,36393 | 54,753376 | 4,24662398 | 18,0338152 |
35 | 60,5 | 59,96598 | 54,69865 | 5,80134999 | 33,65566165 |
36 | 62,0 | 61,4915 | 54,6439787 | 7,3560213 | 54,11104929 |
37 | 64,0 | 63,37287 | 54,589362 | 9,41063796 | 88,56010683 |
38 | 66,0 | 65,34322 | 54,5348 | 11,4652 | 131,4508119 |
39 | 66,5 | 66,2108 | 54,4802924 | 12,0197076 | 144,4733703 |
40 | 67,0 | 66,8027 | 54,4258394 | 12,5741606 | 158,1095158 |
41 | Прогнозн. значения | I полуг. 2010 | 54,3714407 | ||
42 | II полуг. 2010 | 54,3170965 | |||
Средняя абсолютная ошибка | 6,322286839 | ||||
Среднеквадратическая ошибка | 59,3 |
4.2 Двухпараметрическая модель Хольта
Xt=a1,t+ξt,
Xt-значение временного ряда в точке t,
A1,t-коэффициент , т.е. уровень ряда, который изменяется во времени,
ξt-случайные неавтокоррелированные отклонения с M=0 и D=const.
Формулы для расчета:
xˉr(t)=aˉ1,t+aˉ2,t*r
aˉ1,t=α1*xt+(1- α1)*(aˉ1,t-1+aˉ2,t-1)
aˉ2,t= α2 *( aˉ1,t- aˉ1,t-1)+(1- α2)aˉ2,t-1
0< α1<1, 0< α2<1.
Результаты проведенных вычислений:
t | Y | Y1(t) | α1,t | α2,t | |Y-Y1(t)| | |Y-Y1(t)|^2 | |
I полуг. 1990 | 1 | 75,0 | 117,5451 | 58,83015 | 58,71499 | 42,54514 | 1810,089 |
II полуг. 1990 | 2 | 72,0 | 167,6065 | 112,9906 | 54,61592 | 95,60654 | 9140,611 |
I полуг. 1991 | 3 | 69,0 | 203,4872 | 157,7459 | 45,74133 | 134,4872 | 18086,81 |
II полуг. 1991 | 4 | 64,5 | 222,821 | 189,5885 | 33,23248 | 158,321 | 25065,53 |
I полуг. 1992 | 5 | 60,0 | 225,1175 | 206,5389 | 18,5786 | 165,1175 | 27263,78 |
II полуг. 1992 | 6 | 59,5 | 212,2288 | 208,5557 | 3,673022 | 152,7288 | 23326,07 |
I полуг. 1993 | 7 | 59,0 | 186,7883 | 196,9059 | -10,1176 | 127,7883 | 16329,85 |
II полуг. 1993 | 8 | 58,0 | 152,201 | 173,9095 | -21,7085 | 94,20097 | 8873,822 |
I полуг. 1994 | 9 | 57,0 | 112,4043 | 142,6809 | -30,2766 | 55,40427 | 3069,633 |
II полуг. 1994 | 10 | 56,0 | 71,41086 | 106,7638 | -35,353 | 15,41086 | 237,4945 |
I полуг. 1995 | 11 | 55,0 | 32,93981 | 69,76977 | -36,83 | 22,06019 | 486,6521 |
II полуг. 1995 | 12 | 53,0 | -0,07872 | 34,94583 | -35,0245 | 53,07872 | 2817,35 |
I полуг. 1996 | 13 | 51,0 | -25,3983 | 5,029153 | -30,4275 | 76,39831 | 5836,701 |
II полуг. 1996 | 14 | 50,5 | -41,4051 | -17,8085 | -23,5966 | 91,90509 | 8446,546 |
I полуг. 1997 | 15 | 50,0 | -47,6347 | -32,2646 | -15,3702 | 97,63474 | 9532,542 |
II полуг. 1997 | 16 | 50,0 | -44,4543 | -37,8713 | -6,58303 | 94,45429 | 8921,613 |
I полуг. 1998 | 17 | 49,0 | -33,281 | -35,1089 | 1,827857 | 82,28101 | 6770,164 |
II полуг. 1998 | 18 | 48,0 | -16,0098 | -25,1529 | 9,143148 | 64,00976 | 4097,249 |
I полуг. 1999 | 19 | 46,5 | 5,010245 | -9,75878 | 14,76903 | 41,48976 | 1721,4 |
II полуг. 1999 | 20 | 45,0 | 27,37732 | 9,00922 | 18,3681 | 17,62268 | 310,5587 |
I полуг. 2000 | 21 | 45,0 | 49,09374 | 29,13959 | 19,95414 | 4,093736 | 16,75868 |
II полуг. 2000 | 22 | 45,0 | 68,27007 | 48,68436 | 19,58571 | 23,27007 | 541,4962 |
I полуг. 2001 | 23 | 46,0 | 83,62447 | 66,04306 | 17,5814 | 37,62447 | 1415,6 |
II полуг. 2001 | 24 | 47,0 | 94,24722 | 79,96202 | 14,2852 | 47,24722 | 2232,3 |
I полуг. 2002 | 25 | 48,5 | 99,84045 | 89,6725 | 10,16795 | 51,34045 | 2635,842 |
II полуг. 2002 | 26 | 50,0 | 100,5387 | 94,8564 | 5,68231 | 50,53871 | 2554,162 |
I полуг. 2003 | 27 | 51,0 | 96,80867 | 95,58484 | 1,223826 | 45,80867 | 2098,434 |
II полуг. 2003 | 28 | 52,0 | 89,51885 | 92,3278 | -2,80895 | 37,51885 | 1407,664 |
I полуг. 2004 | 29 | 53,0 | 79,77131 | 85,86696 | -6,09565 | 26,77131 | 716,7031 |
II полуг. 2004 | 30 | 54,0 | 68,77911 | 77,19418 | -8,41507 | 14,77911 | 218,4221 |
I полуг. 2005 | 31 | 54,5 | 57,65101 | 67,3512 | -9,70019 | 3,151012 | 9,928877 |
II полуг. 2005 | 32 | 55,0 | 47,44713 | 57,38591 | -9,93878 | 7,552869 | 57,04583 |
I полуг. 2006 | 33 | 57,0 | 39,3234 | 48,40242 | -9,07902 | 17,6766 | 312,4623 |
II полуг. 2006 | 34 | 59,0 | 33,98293 | 41,29106 | -7,30813 | 25,01707 | 625,8538 |
I полуг. 2007 | 35 | 60,5 | 31,71305 | 36,63464 | -4,92159 | 28,78695 | 828,6887 |
II полуг. 2007 | 36 | 62,0 | 32,54598 | 34,74174 | -2,19576 | 29,45402 | 867,5395 |
I полуг. 2008 | 37 | 64,0 | 36,32648 | 35,69138 | 0,635097 | 27,67352 | 765,8239 |
II полуг. 2008 | 38 | 66,0 | 42,59954 | 39,29383 | 3,305714 | 23,40046 | 547,5814 |
I полуг. 2009 | 39 | 66,5 | 50,44634 | 44,98959 | 5,456755 | 16,05366 | 257,7199 |
II полуг. 2009 | 40 | 67,0 | 59,04829 | 52,10171 | 6,946585 | 7,951706 | 63,22963 |
Прогнозн. значения | I полуг. ‘10 | 96,2064 | |||||
II полуг. ‘10 | 105,3756 | alfa1= | 0,1 | ||||
alfa2= | 0,9 | ||||||
Средняя абс. ошибка | 55,20639 | a1t | -0,0645 | ||||
Среднеквадр. ошибка | 5007,9 | a2t | 57,098 |