3. What is the chief task of the institutions of higher learning?
4. What kind of specialists does the higher school aim to turn out?
5. When does the specialized training begin at the institutions of higher-learning?
6. When do our students have extensive production practice?
7. What do they get during the production practice?
8. What is the aim of this practice?
9. What is the student graduating offered after state examinations and the presentation of his diploma?
10. Where would you like to have your job after graduation and why?
3) Переведите следующие предложения на английский язык:
1. Студенты вузов изучают общеобразовательные предметы на 1-2 курсах.
2. История, философия, иностранные языки, физкультура – обязательные предметы во всех высших учебных заведениях.
3. Изучение специальных предметов обычно начинается на 3 курсе института.
4. Сегодня студент должен усваивать гораздо больше научной информации, чем 10 лет тому назад.
5. Самостоятельная работа занимает существенную часть времени студентов.
6. Большая часть учебного времени посвящена основным предметам.
7. Подготовка высококвалифицированных специалистов с большим теоретическим и политическим кругозором – главная задача вузов.
4) Поставьте глаголы-сказуемые в соответствующей видо-временной форме:
1. Today there (to appear) “intermediaries” between science and the student such as television, computers, video tape recorders, etc.
2. During his first three years at work the young specialist (to enjoy) the special protection of the law and cannot be dismissed from his job.
3. There (to be) a great demand for skilled workers and specialists in industry as well as in agriculture.
4. Some years ago he (to begin) to study at our academy.
5. It (to become) the practice to establish evening and correspondence higher schools on the building sites of large enterprises.
6. He (to spend) much time on reading books of his speciality.
7. The lecture in philosophy (to deliver) by professor Smirnov at 10 o’clock on Monday.
5) Выпишите из текста “The Principal Task of the Higher School” предложения, в которых глаголы-сказуемые употреблены в страдательном залоге.
6) Сделайте следующие предложения вопросительными:
1. Students need to acquire researchers’ skills. (Why?)
2. The lecture will be given in the lecture hall. (Where?)
3. He passed his exams with good results. (How?)
4. My friend wants to work in the bank after graduation. (Who?)
5. A large part of study time is devoted to fundamental subjects. (What?)
Вариант III.
1) Перепишите текст и переведите его письменно.
Statistical Methods.
All progressive knowledge in the modern world tends to precision. Precision is obtained with the help of numbers. Consequently, the science which deals with numbers has a vital role to play in the development of our civilization. This science is statistics.
The word “statistics” is used in two senses: one, when used in the plural, refers to a series of connected figures, and the other, when used in the singular, relates, to that branch of applied mathematics which deals with the collection, classification and use of quantitative data.
Quite a large number of definitions have been given to statistics as a science. Different writes place emphasis on different aspects of the subject-matter of this science. One main reason for this disagreement has been the constant development of the scope of this science.
The collected statistical material which is influenced by numerous causes has to be rendered easily intelligible, if it is to be used as a basis for judgement or action. In exact sciences like physics and chemistry the experimenter tries to disentangle complex causes by taking into account only the one with which he is concerned and keeping others aside. He can control the conditions in his laboratory. But in other sciences this is not possible. The experimental method fails. Conditions are not within the control of the observer. He has to take the data as they occur. We have to make use of some other methods for achieving their end. These are the methods of statistics. In order to get a clear picture out of the confusing mass of data, the latter have to be systematically collected, classified, tabulated, summarized, compared and presented. These are called statistical methods. They constitute definite rules of procedure in handing groups of data. A proper study of these principles forms the subject-matter of the “science of statistics”.
2) Ответьте на следующие вопросы:
1. How is precision obtained?
2. What role does statistics play in the development of our civilization?
3. What senses is the word “statistics” used in?
4. What do we understand by the word “statistics”?
5. What definitions have been given to statistics as a science?
6. What are the methods of statistics?
7. What does the subject-matter of the “science of statistics” form?
3) Переведите следующие предложения на английский язык:
1. Точность достигается с помощью цифр.
2. Большое число определений было дано статистике как науке.
3. Он может контролировать условия в лаборатории.
4. Ему приходится брать данные, как они встречаются.
5. Для того чтобы получить ясную картину из всей массы данных, последние должны систематически собираться, классифицироваться, сводиться в таблицу, подытоживаться, сравниваться и представляться.
6. В обработке групп данных они подчиняются определенным правилам процедуры.
7. Тщательное изучение этих принципов формирует предмет статистики как науки.
4) Поставьте глаголы-сказуемые в соответствующей видо-временной форме:
1. Quite a large number of definitions (to give) to statistics as a science.
2. The war (to bring) major changes in the programme of statistical work and the methods of observation and processing.
3. All progressive knowledge in the modern world (to tend) to precision.
4. At present many countries (to declare) themselves republics, some of them (to become) independent and encourage the use of local languages.
5. They (to work) there for more than three hours when it (to happen).
6. Nowadays some difficult economic problems (to be solved) on the basis of statistical data.
7. A theory (to be known) to be tested by practice.
5) Выпишите из текста “Statistical methods” Предложения, в которых глаголы-сказуемые употреблены в страдательном залоге.
6) Сделайте следующие предложения вопросительными:
1. He can control the conditions in his laboratory. (Where?)
2. Within a business firm, a given product may be tested for quality during or after production. (When?)
3. During the war reports on the fulfilment of production plans for the physical output of major industrial articles were made every day and every ten days. (How often?)
4. The organization of current statistics in industry, agriculture, public education and other branches of the economy and culture was improved. (What?)
5. These are called “statistical methods”. (How?)
Вариант IV.
1) Перепишите текст и переведите его письменно.
Marketing and advertising.
Marketing concept includes various elements such as planning, research, new product development, sales, communications, advertising, etc. Marketing starts with production and later studies all its stages before, during and after production. In the sales area, marketing provides information about forward demand for products and services.
Advertising is an important element of the marketing plan. It is used to increase sales by making the product or service known to a wider audience, and by stressing its superior qualities. A company can advertise in many ways, depending on how much it can spend on advertising. The different media for advertising include television, radio, newspapers, magazines and direct mail, by which advertisers send letters, brochures and leaflets directly to potential customers advertising is a highly developed business a lot of money is spent on advertising in every country.
Marketing planning is an integral part of the marketing mix and it depends on a thorough situation analysis.
2) Ответьте на следующие вопросы:
1. What does marketing concept include?
2. What does marketing start with?
3. What information does marketing provide in the sales area?
4. What is an important element of the marketing plan?
5. What do the different media for advertising include?
6. What kind of business is advertising?
7. How much money is spent on advertising in every country?
8. What does marketing planning depend on?
3) Переведите следующие предложения на английский язык:
1. Понятие маркетинга включает различные элементы, такие как планирование, исследование, разработка новой продукции, продажа, переговоры, реклама и т.д.
2. Маркетинг обеспечивает информацией о перспективе спроса на продукцию компании или обслуживания.
3. Реклама – высокоразвитый бизнес.
4. Маркетинг начинается с производства и изучает все его стадии до, во время и после производства.
5. Рекламодатели отправляют письма, брошюры, листовки непосредственно потенциальным покупателям.
6. Много денег тратится на рекламу в каждой стране.
7. Маркетинговое планирование – неотъемлемая часть системы маркетинговых мероприятий и зависит от анализа ситуации.
4) Поставьте глаголы-сказуемые в соответствующей видо-временной форме:
1. We (to thank) you for your letter of March 5-th.
2. Last week our clients (to write) to us that they (to need) the machine tools urgently.
3. For some reason of other they (to stop) the construction work for sometime, but they will resume it very soon.
4. Exhibitions and fairs (to hold) every year in many countries of the world.
5. Mr. Johnson (to give) all the necessary information on the model during his visit to our office.
6. They (to be) our regular buyers of the mining equipment from Russia for the last years.
7. We (to consider) your price competitive.
5) Выпишите из текста “Marketing and advertising” предложения, в которых глаголы-сказуемые употреблены в страдательном залоге.
6) Сделайте следующие предложения вопросительными:
1. Advertising is an important element of the marketing plan. (What?)
2. All the necessary information was sent to the firm last week. (When?)
3. The accommodation was reserved by cable. (How?)
4. A new contract has just been signed. (What?)
5. Our president is satisfied with the results of the talks. (Who?)
Вариант V.
1) Перепишите текст и переведите его письменно.
Discussing Terms of Payment.
There are different manners of payment accepted in foreign trade: payment on an open account, which is usually effected against documents and sometimes by installments if agreed between the parties; payment for collection; by a draft which is an order in writting drawn on a bank or another firm to pay at sight, when it is presented or a certain number of days later. The most generally practiced manner of payment is by a Letter of Credit which may also be effected by installments in case of partial deliveries.
Since the terms of payment in a contract are very often a combination of different manners an advance payment can be specified too.
Payment in cash is very infrequent and is practiced in small transactions only.
Here is an example of a transaction discussed between a Russian foreign trade organization and Wright & Co., Ltd., known as very reliable exporters of up-to-date industrial chemicals and chemical laboratory equipment from England.
An exchange of correspondence took place between the parties concerned and was followed by Mr. Smoke’s visit to Moscow.
2) Ответьте на следующие вопросы:
1. What are the most accepted manners of payment in foreign trade?
2. What is the most generally practiced manner of payment?
3. What is an advance payment?
4. When is payment in cash practiced in?
5. In what way is payment on an open account usually affected
6. On whom are drafts drawn?
7. What does Wright & Co., Ltd. deal with?
8. What was followed by Mr. Smoke’s visit to Moscow?
3) Найдите в тексте английские эквиваленты следующих выражений:
1. …платеж с открытого счета…
2. платеж иногда производится частями.
3. …расчет в форме инкассо…
4. …платеж посредством траты…выставленной ва-банк…
5. …оплатить по предъявлении
6. …или несколько дней спустя
7. …между заинтересованными сторонами
4) Поставьте глаголы-сказуемые в соответствующей видо-временной форме:
1. The sellers (to be worried about) the financial position of their agents.
2. After some slight repairs the plane (to take off) again.
3. We hope that we (to succeed) in clearing up the position and look forward on hearing from you soon.
4. I was relieved to hear that the appointment (to be not going) to take place.
5. John was a thorough and honest worker and everybody admitted that he (to deserve) higher wages.
6. We (to be concerned) about the results of the last test.
7. His careful study of the matter (to confirm) his serious approach to the problem.
5) Выпишите из текста “Discussing Terms of Payment” предложения, в которых глаголы-сказуемые употреблены в страдательном залоге.
6) Сделайте следующие предложения вопросительными:
1. We signed an agency agreement with the firm. (What?)
2. They contributed a lot to the success of the research work. (Where?)
3. He cost of freight was paid by the sellers. (Whom?)
4. He commission will provide us with only a small profit. (How?)
5. Bough calculations of the Buyers’ losses were made in the Sellers’ presence. (What?)