181. Metra M, Nardi M, Giubbini R, Dei CL. Effects of short. and long.term carvedilol administration on rest and exercise hemodynamic variables, exercise capacity and clinical conditions in patients with idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy. J Am Coll Cardiol. 1994;24:1678.87.
182. Olsen SL, Gilbert EM, Renlund DG et al.. Carvedilol improves left ventricular function and symptoms in chronic heart failure: a double.blind randomizedstudy. J Am Coll Cardiol. 1995;25:1225.31.
183. Беленков Ю.Н., Мареев В.Ю., Скворцов А.А. и соавт. Эналаприл против Карведилола. Сравнительное рандо- мизирован–ное исследование у больных с хронической сердечной недостаточностью (ЭКСТАЗ) Сердечная Недостаточность. 2001;2(2):84–91
184. Packer M, Bristow MR, Cohn JN et al, for the U.S. Carvedilol Heart Failure Study Group. The effect of carvedilol on morbidity and mortality in patients with chronic heart failure. N Engl J Med. 1996;334:1349.55.
185. Australia/New Zealand Heart Failure Research Collaborative Group. Randomised, placebo.controlled trial of carvedilol in patients with congestive heart failure due to ischaemic heart disease. Lancet. 1997;349:375.80.
186. The Cardiac Insufficiency Bisoprolol Study II (CIBIS.II): a randomized trial. Lancet. 1999;353:9.13.
187. MERIT.HF Study Group. Effects of metoprolol CR/XL in chronic heart failure: Metoprolol CR/XL Randomized International Trial in Congestive Heart Failure (MERIT.HF). . Lancet. 1999;353:2001.2007
188. Packer M, Coats AJ, Fowler MB et al. Effect of carvedilol on survival in severe chronic heart failure. N Engl J Med. 2001;344:1651.1658.
189. Mareev V, Yu.Lopatin Yu, Pervez Gh. Possible mechanisms of positive beta.blocker effects in the treatment of dilated cardiomyopathy. Eur Heart J. 1993;14:94
190. Gaffney TE, Braunwald E. Importance of the adrenergic nervous system in the support of circulatory function in patients with congestive heart failure. Am J Med. 2000;34:320.4.
191. Cleland JG, Pennell DJ, Ray SG et al. Myocardial viability as a determinant of the ejection fraction response to carvedilol in patients with heart failure (CHRISTMAS trial): randomised controlled trial. Lancet. 2003;362:14.21.
192. Waagstein F, Bristow MR, Swedberg K, et al, for the Metoprololin Dilated Cardiomyopathy (MDC) Trial Study Group. Beneficialeffects of metoprolol in idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy. Lancet. 1993;342:1441.6.
193. Poole.Wilson PA, Swedberg K, Cleland JG et al. Comparison of carvedilol and metoprolol on clinical outcomes in patients with chronic heart failure in the Carvedilol Or Metoprolol European Trial (COMET): randomised controlled trial. Lancet. 2003;362:7.13.
194. Flather MD, Shibata MC, Coats AJ et al. Randomized trial to determine the effect of nebivolol on mortality and cardiovascular hospital admission in elderly patients with heart failure(SENIORS). Eur Heart J. 2005;26(3):215.25
195. Willenheimer R, van Veldhuisen DJ, Silke B et al. Effect on survival and hospitalization of initiating treatment for chronic heart failure with bisoprolol followed by enalapril, as compared with the opposite sequence: results of the randomized Cardiac Insufficiency Bisoprolol Study (CIBIS) III Circulation. 2005;112(16):2426.2435
196. Erdmann E, Lechat P, Verkenne P, Wiemann H.Results from post.hoc analyses of the CIBIS II trial: effect of bisoprolol in high.risk patient groups with chronic heart failure. Eur J Heart Fail. 2001;3(4):469.79
197. Deedwania PC, Gottlieb S, Ghali JK et al. Efficacy, safety and tolerability of beta.adrenergic blockade with metoprolol CR/XL in elderly patients with heart failure. Eur Heart J. 2004;25(15):1300.9
198. Middeljans.Tijssen CW, Jansen RW. Elderly heart failure patients and the role of beta.blockertherapy. Tijdschr Gerontol Geriatr. 2006;37(2):67.77
199. Ghali JK; Pina IL;. Gottlieb SS et al. Metoprolol CR/XL in Female Patients With Heart Failure Analysis of the Experience in Metoprolol Extended.Release Randomized Intervention Trial in Heart Failure (MERIT.HF). Circulation. 2002;105:1585. 1591
200. Waagstein F, Caidahl K, Wallentin I, Bergh CH, Hjalmarson A. Long.term beta.blockade in dilated cardiomyopathy: effects of short. and long.term metoprolol treatment followed by withdrawal and readministration of metoprolol. Circulation. 1989;80:551.563.
201. Gattis WA, OЎЇConnor CM, Leimberger JD et al. ,.. Clinical outcomes in patients on beta.blocker therapy admitted with worsening chronic heart failure. Am J Cardiol. 2003;91:169.74.
202. Dorow P, Thalhofer S, Bethge H et al. ,Long.term treatment of angina pectoris with bisoprolol or atenolol in patients with chronic obstructive bronchitis: a randomized, double.blind crossover study. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol. 1990;16 Suppl 5:S36.44
203. Bakris GL, Fonseca V, Katholi RE et al. Differential effects of beta.blockers on albuminuria in patients with type 2 diabetes., Hypertension. 2005;46(6):1309.15
204. Follath F, Cleland JGF, Just H et al. Efficacy and safety of intravenous levosimendan compared with dobutamine in severe low.output heart failure (The LIDO study): A randomizes double.blind trial. Lancet. 2002, 360:196.202
205. Виноградов А.В. Мочегонные средства в клинике внутренних болезней. М. – Медицина, 1969. 151 с.
206. Мухарлямов Н.М., Мареев В.Ю. Лечение хронической сердечной недостаточности. М. – Медицина, 1985, 207 с
207. Kjekshus J, Swedberg K. . Tolerability of enalapril in congestive heart failure. Am J Cardiol. 1988;62(2):67A.72A
208. Swedberg K, Eneroth P, Kjekshus J, Wilhelmsen L. Hormones regulating cardiovascular function in patients with severe congestive heart failure and their relation to mortality.CONSENSUS Trial Study Group. Circulation. 1990;82(5):1730.6
209. Ljungman S, Kjekshus J, Swedberg K. . Renal function in severe congestive heart failure during treatment with enalapril (the Cooperative North Scandinavian Enalapril Survival Study [CONSENSUS] Trial).Am J Cardiol. 1992;70(4):479.87
210. Svensson M, Gustafsson F, Galatius S, Hildebrandt PR, Atar D. How prevalent is hyperkalemia and renal dysfunction during treatment with spironolactone in patients with congestive heart failure? J Card Fail. 2004;10:297.303.
211. Juurlink DN, Mamdani MM, Lee DS et al. Rates of hyperkalemia after publication of the Randomized Aldactone Evaluation Study. N Engl J Med. 2004;351:543.51.
212. McMurray JJV, OЎЇMeara E. Treatment of Heart Failure with Spironolactone . Trial and Tribulations. N Engl J Med. 2004;351:526.528
213. Cody RJ, Kubo SH, Pickworth KK. Diuretic treatment for the sodium retention of congestive heart failure. Arch Intern Med. 1994;154:1905.14.
214. Patterson JH, Adams KF Jr, Applefeld MM et al. for the Torsemide Investigators Group. Oral torsemide in patients with chronic congestive heart failure: effects on body weight, edema, and electrolyte excretion. Pharmacotherapy. 1994;14:514.21.
215. Brater DC. Diuretic therapy. N Engl J Med. 1998;339:387.95.
216. Brater DC, Chennavasin P, Seiwell R. Furosemide in patients with heart failure: shift in dose.response curves. Clin Pharmacol Ther. 1980;28:182.6.
217. Vasko MR, Cartwright DB, Knochel JP, Nixon JV, Brater DC. Furosemide absorption altered in decompensated congestive heart failure. Ann Intern Med. 1985;102:314.8.
218. Dormans TP, van Meyel JJ, Gerlag PG et al. Diuretic efficacy of high dose furosemide in severe heart failure: bolus injection versus continuous infusion. J Am Coll Cardiol. 1996;28:376.82.
219. Vargo DL, Kramer WG, Black PK et al.. Bioavailability, pharmacokinetics, and pharmacodynamics of torsemide and furosemide in patients with congestive heart failure. Clin Pharmacol Ther. 1995;57:601.9.
220. Brater D. Torasemid: pharmacokinetic and clinical efficacy Eur J Heart Fail. 2001;3(Suppl G):19.24
221. Fortuno A, Muniz P, Ravassa S et al. Torasemide inhibits angiotensin II.induced vasoconstriction and intracellular calcium increase in the aorta of spontaneously hypertensive rats. Hypertension. 1999;34(1):138.43
222. Yamato M, Sasaki T, Honda K et al. Effects of torasemide on left ventricular function and neurohumoral factors in patients with chronic heart failure. Circ J. 2003;67(5):384.390
223. Muller K, Gamba G, Jaquet F, Hess B. . Torasemide vs. furosemide in primary care patients with chronic heart failure NYHA II to IV..efficacy and quality of life. Eur J Heart Fail. 2003;5(6):793.801
224. Stroupe KT, Forthofer MM, Brater DC, Murray MD.Healthcare costs of patients with heart failure treated with torasemide or furosemide. Pharmacoeconomics. 2000;17(5):429.440.
225. Cosin J, Diez J,Torasemide in chronic heart failure: results of the TORIC study. Eur J Heart Fail. 2002;4(4):507.13
226. Jones PW, Greenstone M. . Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors for hypercapnic ventilatory failure in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2001;(1):CD002881
227. Philippi H, Bieber I, Reitter B. . Acetazolamide treatment for infantile central sleep apnea. Drugs.2001;61(2):237.51.
228. Javaheri S ..Acetazolamide improves central sleep apnea in heart failure: a double.blind, prospective study. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2006;173(2):234.7
229. Cleland JG, Coletta AP, Nikitin NP et al. Clinical trials update from the American College of Cardiology: Darbepoetin alfa, ASTEROID, UNIVERSE, paediatric carvedilol, UNLOAD and ICELAND. Eur J Heart Fail. 2006;8(3):326.9
230. The effect of digoxin on mortality and morbidity in patients with heart failure. The Digitalis Investigation Group. N Engl J Med. 1997;336(8):525.33
231. Uretsky BF, Young JB, Shahidi FE et al. for the PROVED Investigative Group. Randomized study assessing the effect of digoxin withdrawal in patients with mild to moderate chronic congestive heart failure: results of the PROVED trial. J Am Coll Cardiol. 1993;22:955.62.
232. Packer M, Gheorghiade M, Young JB et al. Withdrawal of digoxin from patients with chronic heart failure treated with angiotensin.converting.enzyme inhibitors: RADIANCE Study. N Engl J Med. 1993;329:1.7.
233. Gheorghiade M, Adams KF Jr, Colucci WS. Digoxin in the management of cardiovascular disorders. Circulation. 2004;109:2959.64.
234. Akera T, Baskin SI, Tobin T, Brody TM. Ouabain: temporal relationship between the inotropic effect and the in vitro binding to, and dissociation from, (Na + + K + ).activated ATPase. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol. 1973;277:151.62.
235. Ferguson DW, Berg WJ, Sanders JS et al. Sympathoinhibitory responses to digitalis glycosides in heart failure patients: direct evidence from sympathetic neural recordings. Circulation. 1989;80:65.77.
236. Gheorghiade M, Ferguson D. Digoxin: a neurohormonal modulator in heart failure? Circulation. 1991;84:2181.2186.
237. Нарусов О.Ю., Мареев В.Ю., Скворцов А.А. и др. – Клинические, гемодинамические и нейрогормональные эффекты дигоксина у больных с ХСН Серд. Недостаточность, 2000, т.1,№1, с. 26–30
238. Rathore SS, Curtis JP, Wang Y et al. ,Association of serum digoxin concentration and outcomes in patients with heart failure. JAMA. 2003;289(7):871.8
239. Adams KF, Patterson JH, Gattis WA et al. , Relationship of serum digoxin concentration to mortality and morbidity in women in the digitalis investigation group trial: a retrospective analysis. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2005;46(3):497.504
240. Cohn JN, Tognoni G. A randomized trial of the angiotensin.receptor blocker valsartan in chronic heart failure. N Engl J Med. 2001;345:1667.75.
241. Maggioni A¬І, Anand I, Gottlieb SO et al. Effects of Valsartan on Morbidity and Mortality in Patients With Heart Failure Not Receiving Angiotensin.Converting Enzyme Inhibitors JACC. 2002;40,:1414.21
242. Wong M, Staszewsky L, Latini R et al. Valsartan benefits left ventricular structure and function in heart failure: Val.HeFT echocardiographic study. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2002;40:970.5.
243. Скворцов A.A., Насонова С.Н., Сычев AВ и др. Эффекты длительной терапии ингибитором ангиотензинпревращающекго фермента квинаприлом, антагонистом рецепторов к ангиотензину II и комбинацией квинаприла и валсартана у больных с умеренной хронической сердечной недостаточности. Основные результаты исследования САДКО–ХСН. Кардиология 2006;46:33–51
244. Скворцов A.A., Мареев В.Ю., Насонова С.Н. и др Рекомендована ли тройная комбинация нейрогормолнальных модуляторов для лечения умеренной и т тяжелой ХСН? (результаты исследования САДКО–ХСН). Терю архив, 2006;78(8):14–20
245. Haehling S, Okonko DO, Anker SD. Statins: a treatment option for chronic heart failure? . Heart Fail Monit,2004;4:90.97
246. Sacks FM, Pfeffer MA, Moye LAet al. The effect of pravastatin on coronary events after myocardial infarction in patients with average cholesterol levels. New Engl J Med, 1996;335:1001 . 1009
247. D.P.Mikhailidis AS.Werzbicki. The Greak atorvastatin and coronary heart disease evaluation (GREACE) study . CurrMed Res and Opin. 2002;18(4):220.228
248. D.Nul, A.Fernandez, C.Zambrano et al. Statins and mortality in congestive heart failure: benefit beyond cholesterol reduction? . JACC. 2005;45(suppl A):851.4
249. Jaganmohan S, Khurana V. Statins improve survival in patients with congestive heart failure: a study on 32000 US veterans. JACC. 2005;45(suppl A):854.7
250. Kjekshus J, Dunselman P, Blideskog M et al. A statin in the treatment of heart failure? Controlled rosuvastatin multinational study in heart failure (CORONA): Study design and baseline characteristics. The Eur J Heart Fail. 2005;7:1059.1069
251. Tavazzi L, Tognoni G, Franzosi MF et al. Rationale and design of the GISSI heart failure trial: a large trial to assess the effects of n.3 polyunsaturated fatty acids and rosuvastatin in symptomatic congestive heart failure. Eur J Heart Fail. 2004;6:635.641.
252. Horwich TB, MacLellan R, Fonarow GC. Statin therapy is associated with improved survival in ischemic and non.ischemic heart failure. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2004;43:642.648.
253. Ray GR, Gong Y, Sykora K, Tu JV. Statin use and survival outcomes in elderly patients with heart failure. Arch Intern Med. 2005;165:62.67.
254. J LiaoK. Statin therapy for cardiac hypertrophy and heart failure. J Investig Med. 2004;52:248.253
255. Gao L, Wang W, Li YL et al. Simvastatin therapy normalizes sympathetic neural control in experimental heart failure: roles of angiotensin II type 1 receptors and NAD(P)H oxidase. Circulation. 2005;112(12):1763.1770
256. R. U. Pliquett, K. G. Cornish, J. D. Peuler et al. Simvastatin Normalizes Autonomic Neural Control in Experimental Heart Failure. Circulation. 2003;107:2493.2498
257. S. Von Haehling, S.D.Anker, E.Bassrnge . Statins and role of nitric oxide in chronic heart failure. Heart Fail Rev. 2003;8:99.106
258. Node K, Fujita M, Kitakaze M, Hori M, Liao JK. Short.term statin therapy improves cardiac function and symptoms in patients with idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy. Circulation. 2003;108:839.843.
259. Thomas H, Muhlestein JB, Carlquist JF et el.A cholesterol paradox in congestive heart failure survival? JACC. 2005;45(su¬вpl A):851.5
260. Horwich B, Hamilton MA, Maclellan WR, Fonarow GC. Low serum total cholesterol is associated with marked increase in mortality in advanced heart failure. J Card Fail. 2002;8:216.224.
261. Rauchhaus M, Clark AL, Doehner W et al. The relationship between cholesterol and survival in patients with chronic heart failure. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2003;42:1933.1944.
262. Dunkman WB, Johnson GR, Carson PE et al. for the V.HeFT VA Cooperative Studies Group. Incidence of thromboembolic events in congestive heart failure. Circulation. 1993;87:VI94.101.
263. Dunkman WB. Thromboembolism and antithrombotic therapy in congestive heart failure. J Cardiovasc Risk. 1995;2:107. 17.
264. Katz SD. Left ventricular thrombus and the incidence of thromboembolism in patients with congestive heart failure: can clinical factors identify patients at increased risk? J Cardiovasc Risk. 1995;2:97.102.
265. Cioffi G, Pozzoli M, Forni G et al. Systemic thromboembolism in chronic heart failure: a prospective study in 406 patients. Eur Heart J. 1996;17:1381.9
266. Fuster V, Gersh BJ, Giuliani ER et al. The natural history of idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy. Am J Cardiol. 1981;47:525.31.
267. Stratton JR, Nemanich JW, Johannessen KA, Resnick AD. Fate of eft ventricular thrombi in patients with remote myocardial infarction or idiopathic cardiomyopathy. Circulation. 1988;78:1388.93.