Введемо систему таких підмножин
![](data:image/png;base64,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)
, щоб їх можна було розглядати як повну групу незалежних подій на
![](data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAABMAAAATCAYAAAByUDbMAAAAAXNSR0ICQMB9xQAAAAlwSFlzAAAOxAAADsQBlSsOGwAAABl0RVh0U29mdHdhcmUATWljcm9zb2Z0IE9mZmljZX/tNXEAAADRSURBVDjLY2hsbGSgFmYYeobluMkWMzAw/MfAxlELiTasPs/DUJaB4Q1Io6xbTjGyXEO0sQ/MUOPoBh+8htXXx0oaMzDcZWCQfeORV2+IzXaEGkwDURRGGTMsJOQVFBfKeOxJ6+jgwTCsoyONx0OGYQ8uL2APClQfkORFQmqxuIwKhiEnB6K9iSvMUFyHpggdQyIK0wcYCgkZiMsg1AgAOt3YLS8FxSuyHiuRDQQZhBwE6HqwpnwENr4bW18viZEOkTByLiHaMOR0SNCw4V2eAQDiKP9L8CN3MAAAAABJRU5ErkJggg==)
. При цьому повинні задовольнятись умови
![](data:image/png;base64,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)
;
![](data:image/png;base64,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)
;
![](data:image/png;base64,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)
. Визначимо ці підмножини так
![](data:image/png;base64,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)
, (5)
де
![](data:image/png;base64,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)
і
![](data:image/png;base64,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)
- це межі інтервалів, які визначаються за формулою
![](data:image/png;base64,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)
, причому
![](data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAADUAAAAZCAYAAACRiGY9AAAAAXNSR0ICQMB9xQAAAAlwSFlzAAAOxAAADsQBlSsOGwAAABl0RVh0U29mdHdhcmUATWljcm9zb2Z0IE9mZmljZX/tNXEAAAFfSURBVFjD7ZcxDsIwDEV9AC6ARLgDeGcMGZiRoGJlQl2YUejWM7AxcgdOwB24AXcAJaEopAaVlpBSdfBARBy/2P5OIUkSaJo1DqiFaqHqCrWNcAIAV2PsImI5kHLR5TyehgpWnY8AZxMTnhdSdgtDGSADon6n6bIjenBUzjDaTkICZeebGGkw0sEcYc/4am2vKbBxH3evbse3rThbQ08cl2naseMEnO8LQ7kOFBRHvrHXfp0l96I1KJGt9/3kgAXrpVgMGMDFLX23TT4QitcN+anpCniID21uNr4KZTujNv5lpnJgAUuxEpTaLGZyRJfNcxmWyWLp8qsiFOpPlFNXDdUhQ2AnPZA13PDkW+opRS4k6dlN2mnOBCO3dneWDWbfQ7nU8NWbMJJUmbgB67RbN0QNa5+9VeqZVGS62xC/gvL6Sm8kVIie8g6VUz8mDnV4TlX+SKzLa6P98m2hamY314Gdqyhyj9sAAAAASUVORK5CYII=)
. (6)
Зважаючи на те, що БВВ розподілена рівномірно на інтервалі
![](data:image/png;base64,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)
, імовірності підмножин
![](data:image/png;base64,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)
визначаються через щільність розподілу БВВ відповідним спввідношенням
![](data:image/png;base64,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)
. (7)
Це означає, що імовірність попадання значення БВВ в інтервал
![](data:image/png;base64,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)
дорівнює довжині цього інтервалу (рис.3).
![](data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAOAAAACdCAYAAACtkXT+AAAAAXNSR0ICQMB9xQAAAAlwSFlzAAAOxAAADsQBlSsOGwAAABl0RVh0U29mdHdhcmUATWljcm9zb2Z0IE9mZmljZX/tNXEAAAd5SURBVHja7d2/bttGHAdwenf22ggzdreZjs0UKBy8toAteErgIQgEFBk0BAGdzUtfIJu3eugTJC/QPEP9BM4zSC1ly6FlUaIoiqTpz/BFDccn0df7+Hd3/KPg06dPgYg0E50gAqAIgCICoAiAUqYzg2ArG30iANYLcPx/RtOEvXfv9YsAuKBiVfl6YRhfnJydbadfJ4N4Lz5MXhhkAuCcHEXB+aRSRUfnVWHZVMVLj/HD25f7QAPYiZz2o4N0UN9+HYTf40Gyt+7rpq8xHB7vRlE/qfx4KzpGAbDxvOuF77PVqh9FyXGS7FQwpU3XfuOof3pQ9TFXdYwCYONJp5xhEHzfBJRBL3qjUgmAxRBePYSdSrupAHYTYXK8sx+E38pUrKI7qFVUxLLHKAC2LoNe7/fsWipdD646FU3hRkFwOVuZpqcgsjkdDH6a9/1V16ybmC4LgLUnPf2Qwkkr2HB48iQOw4tsdSlasdKdyWVTw+xu6zope4wCYKtydnayHcf912lFybtaZbZi5V1WVhRgFZVr2TEKgJ1ItmJNsD4Nvt5eWvY0/pod9EUATk72V1ABN1FVBcBWAixasYoAvNPRFV32VlVVFQBbuT4sUl1uNmH+DYLwquhaLD1BX+cxCoCyAYACoKyObwtAAbDB6nezmbOlPwTAhqafqqAAuPmp5ryMM5Vw7s/oPwCluqnmvdz8+ygnKiOAUtVUs652AqAAKAACKAC2CcJamxtl2pU917fOOcIGfj8bRgAWGiyjmw2RccnBNi6DaNX3K9uuiYqbOU7VGsDNDphV2swgKoypbDsAAcydmrQsdwZ2ibZl3meV9yzbruxxrttunf5sbboAcNTSZAdMmbZl32tcQ7uyx7lOu3WOs7UxBd38OnBUpu0aa87RptuVPc512mXhmToCuNE10jrg62rX5b4EsFtVcKvtg7Ttg/tmvaTyAdhuhB0GqPoB2H6EXQOYeTDV2OdSAFgJwhpOfay87Z0HsCVb9aNXz6LPAAJYFcJNn/pY9jP3IGYBzg7+ppNWQQABfCjAxyv8EbiFmLlhd6tN56im01AAAewMwBmIs3fKt26nEUAAOwlwZl06bus2/y3A4XDX/2MAOwUwU/1au80/eRDwnEfzC4BdAeiZMABKUwDXaScACoACIIACoM5c8U56AEUn1AQwex7temcxupx+D0AApcYKePP5gpfTD/gEEECpeQqa/aBNAAGUBgCqgKITmpqCPnv1eXplCYAAVjkISz32bXLzZ9x/vezn+nH8uq2XRC2CNK12p/3oIN2A+e3D25+nvy+AAFaS6eZC9r64qH96UAhfGF7Eg2Rv6XsM4r0wjC+KIKz7uY+LIE3Xe9cAb245sgYEsOoXTBHuB/tf0i327NeL2gx60Zsi+LIIo97gTYFKPA48lEkeE8DJX/ibv+xFAM6uh4pUr2X3qM0+yRlAeTQA3/XC9+m0M0WQfj3FWATsNNcnqsPvaVWcvMacW2HSn8mb3q77mQsAyoMEmHmK1qjoPWR5SNPvh8+f/5U31cxu4y+qfnVWQQClUYCrbJDcgTYH0rLXmtdu2YeeACidBpiHqUwFnAAM9r/lrfPmVcBlTykDUDoLcDg8eZJ3KmFR9Zm3Bkxfqxf1PsbPg7/z1nmL1oBNDWwApRGAd85tzaz7ritZcJV+vx//8scs0Nld0OvXCq9uN2DmnEss+qQuAOVRTUHnpR9FyeSc4II13SbOAwIoAE4BDoe7aWULo6M/51XBopeh3b5mwcvRAJRHDzA7BR0MXv6aVwXnrQXLrv0AFADb8MsBKAACCKAACKAACCCAAiCAAiCAAAqAAAqAABqMAAIIoAAIoAAIIIAC4MJBuwWgAFhzfjx35senCwEoANaM0A25AiCAAAqAiwb27GdVbDjjmtvVHmgAXBWgVBsIAVwJ4KjGrDOwRy1P7Y/6B7CluX50/fInbzexBiyb1g8UAAFs++YGgAIggAACCCCAAiCAAAIIIIACIIAAAggggAIggAACCCCAAiCAAAIIIIAAAggggAACCCCAAAIIIIAAAggggAACCCCAAAIIIIAAAggggAACCKAACCCAAAIIoAAIIIAAAgigAAgggAACCKAACCCAAAIIoAAIIIAAAgigAAgggAACCCCAAAIIIIAAAggggAACCCCAAAIIIIAAAggggAACCCCAAAIIIIAAAigAAggggAACKHP7bGsaAAEEsME+y8N4T2rHMm7g/crmIfTlQznWNvbZvf7LAhyJSOXJAzj5985PQUVaNAW9A+9RrAFFWgLwHjwARTYPMBcegCJtQKoTRAAUAVBEAJS2DZIFl1IJgLKhnJ2dbMdh8CUIosvjJNnRJwBKAwhfPYs+A1hslrDqbEHnCYBr5nqWEIyjXu9jGARXUf/0AEABsOapegowPkxeqIACYM1JkuOdKAj/efn2wz6AUj3A4XBXf+Tj2w/2vxwmh3vpf1fpKx0oC3MUBeeTaxqfxl9Pzs629UnOGjA6Ok8G8V66Blylr3SgSIPRCSIAigAoIgCKACgiAIoAKCIAinQv/wGQJlDSfU2M1wAAAABJRU5ErkJggg==)
Рисунок 3 - Геометричне пояснення моделювання групи незалежних подій з допомогою БВВ
Таким чином, моделювання ВВ
![](data:image/png;base64,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)
, яка приймає дискретні значення, полягає у виборі значення БВВ за допомогою генератора, перевірки попадання значення БВВ до однієї з підмножин
![](data:image/png;base64,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)
і винесенні рішення про те, що модельоване ВВ приймає значення
![](data:image/png;base64,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)
, (8)
де
![](data:image/png;base64,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)
- це характеристична функція множини. (9
) Розглянемо моделювання ВВ
![](data:image/png;base64,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)
із заданою щільністю ймовірності
![](data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAACcAAAAZCAYAAACy0zfoAAAAAXNSR0ICQMB9xQAAAAlwSFlzAAAOxAAADsQBlSsOGwAAABl0RVh0U29mdHdhcmUATWljcm9zb2Z0IE9mZmljZX/tNXEAAAHfSURBVFjD7Vc7bsJAEJ305AAgljvA1umQMRI5QLBoKSLkhsJFhBY6FzkBHSVngAuQG6TgBOEMkKztNZvJ/oxtiSLFFqDZmTdv3syOYbVawb2eSp1F0fTRo95iGscNm20cTxs228qAMTZpUiAHP2Rd5zuh3yXQ+5gw1qwNHGdh0KFrXRArQOJvVQxWAm7mkTnQ8ebW+2MKG+LN5pWDS8sJRxosR7f6WAZ0BECPmPnS4HSOb0kQs1caHC8JtP29S4eaNOu3YY+loZ8xAA/84N/yfyJjnd6wvfhPmySqgKHF4evH0YVTHUWTVgIC4Cw7yOxOKnBpubk9XIQec7/E32GmU3DkJI8iu9A9b0GAHjggzJQJHC57GPafdCMj73hXcFnmFzlLrA0BTjUG/vix6DIFd2XZCC4xRg5xV7kw5zpqnJkTDGFGUhauDoqAsw1pZ82pshVNIQN2CRxQyoZD8m6bhc7dKjPEWz/vVgUI3Zzj97gfnmDKMPnsv771OFgMstCcE+LMRkFydJpRvRDZ/bMIlgfX+HF+IXR6q/Nt1a1OlQQru5Xw+05bCXuhz0mZoqhV6G0kZFtk0fxFRmewNu5zsi5sOisaxPR+qxqklm8I01arZht2JgLu9svrH1yZ8w2OOndKaS/5PwAAAABJRU5ErkJggg==)
та функцією розподілу
![](data:image/png;base64,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)
. (10
)Якщо функція
![](data:image/png;base64,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)
є строго монотонно зростаючою, то із рівняння
![](data:image/png;base64,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)
можна знайти обернену функцію
![](data:image/png;base64,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)
. (11)
Підставивши замість
![](data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAA8AAAARCAYAAAACCvahAAAAAXNSR0ICQMB9xQAAAAlwSFlzAAAOxAAADsQBlSsOGwAAABl0RVh0U29mdHdhcmUATWljcm9zb2Z0IE9mZmljZX/tNXEAAAC9SURBVDjLY2hsbGQgFzNQXTMQMJKlOcqYYSFQ838GGY89aR0dPCCxhmhjH2Q+XpvBihmM78bW10uC+B0daTxuxm61RGmuz/MwlGWQvemRV28I5tfHSrq55YUR5WeQYmMGhrvG0Q0+IH6em1sYzBUkaQa5wtgtL4Xo0Ab50UOGYY+sp2ePsZz7LHS/EqUZGGh3sDmXYCKJjo72JDqewSEs67EyrT5NEmQrLLCI18zA8JqBQfY1LIron7YHv2YA00h2FmTYHBkAAAAASUVORK5CYII=)
БВВ
![](data:image/png;base64,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)
, можна одержати алгоритм моделювання ВВ із заданим розподілом:
![](data:image/png;base64,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)
. (12)
Таким чином, для моделювання на ЕОМ ВВ
![](data:image/png;base64,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)
із заданою щільністю ймовірності, потрібно виконати такі операції:
знайти функцію розподілу, користуючись заданою щільністю ймовірності;
знайти функцію, що буде оберненою до функції розподілу;
одержувати реалізації БВВ
![](data:image/png;base64,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)
;
обчислювати значення ВВ
![](data:image/png;base64,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)
як значення знайденої функції
![](data:image/png;base64,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)
.
Виконуючи ці операції
![](data:image/png;base64,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)
- разів, одержимо вибірку реалізацій
![](data:image/png;base64,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)
. Скориставшись нею, можна побудувати гістограму розподілу і порівняти її з заданою щільністю ймовірності.
Даний метод моделювання має недоліки тому, що не завжди вдається аналітично розрахувати для заданої щільності ймовірностей
![](data:image/png;base64,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)
інтеграл для одержання
![](data:image/png;base64,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)
, і не для всякої функції розподілу вдається одержати обернену функцію.
Цей метод базується на зображенні складних щільностей ймовірностей
![](data:image/png;base64,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)
через простіші. Зокрема, можна подати будь-яку щільність ймовірності випадкової величини
![](data:image/png;base64,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)
у вигляді суміші простих розподілів
![](data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAIwAAAA0CAYAAABYWdAmAAAAAXNSR0ICQMB9xQAAAAlwSFlzAAAOxAAADsQBlSsOGwAAABl0RVh0U29mdHdhcmUATWljcm9zb2Z0IE9mZmljZX/tNXEAAAShSURBVHja7Vs9UttAFN705AAwLGV6LNKmYoSSIWWY2BoqGAqGUUPhgmGEOzdcgAo6KHICOAE3YAZOgM9g4pW0iiztr6RV7PFXvMIe62n17bfvfe89mYxGIwKDmRpAgIEwMBAGBsLAQBgYCAODgTAmwBDyiVnxM3ABYYQWx4frHiGvhNBJEMXbV6G3PyPMlHiDOxAGBBGTJgq2KQ0eovDrb0YU/vlkPF4DYWAVO/PpOd3Zuafe4Dr/7J+dI8KAHBUbj0/Wgk3yRGjwyCIKS1E90ns8jON1EAYEkaYjnn4SDQP9AsIo01Eh/Qw8csdEL1ISCANbdMKwcO/50bHp7wcevWalLTZrMTD/r9rAWIBS+gDSNMH8+31bmHe3cNYM29q7qdPHQJWyOJh3tngmHL3war8tIdpqXs7GAKa2LIRxgXlnTO8R+twkrSShlfSe244yDJSk7U/IR8GmCvtYhhLbFeadlalkM3hq0lbnzTQXUSafFc3IoPOflNhLQBhXmBuF6fJ3dW6qArnsU3afZLMagqA+TeSdRxDZcya6wAtj0xRXF7smPlxirlDJ5DENz94bC0lzodvihGWT3zfZyb043e3NNmrCc22+cVlbvrL4bD3OKgpOGgbScPhZ9LswCI5kpK1gNxxu2GLX1IdLzI3CWrBD/vCbZwv/MBVT2WImosUXUwEDIfksWPS83khfObAVrpYEfy1uVpOU0AS7uj5cYq4Pa6XFqRZju/iS8NSeHBlheOteaRZRcf6EiwlqlBIaYNfEh0vMrTc6Y6jxKeG/N3lAnU9VhHFVltYR2W1g18SHS8w1G13VC6mDf9/nzaFZvheFfhO2m1ZAXaSkuXXXfGHKFDuZALX1Ub7eJeZW5aNITMX9/vavi9Mvafj0XssPaBRC+8E3SsmLrgLqKiU17SybYpc/k0xsGvgQXe8ScyuVLSpr05NAJ7unFz1hhMl8yTYsYXoQHslOlMkJbdOazq5ssJOVszY+VNe7wFyd3/rxT76grLyqRJDI9w/CKPghK8tkPYFkIbPvIt87ZpuT3pO+MOLJpqUu+zCjltrpNthxrVF+JlMfsutdYq5W0JqQno7N/UvdgEvUdeR9BX6KCpXJVLRhLju9ZUBNoojvRwdNsCs+U/l5TX3IrneJee32t40oXORZUp3nYSdbFoVsRgeyZzL1ocKks1kSz3+6sKzqdspOXpPo4PK92lzkDocbumor7ZLSF9FGmGKnwsTGhw5TF5hXStNc5Cg6nCxU+Z5/KSul26482P32trwbF9Gl2CAzt2qlZopdWVwz/VDHh+j6LjAXtcTzvKli+VwpaxOCs//52BgXac50i64kr9i8+LTFriBs32fke08EqKWP8vU6zG17UTLM2zmhsxLNVWqp222FlTEPb01/H3rkVoZ57UXwnM4aQHjfdnWstkjMwyf+4AXCwGAgjEGKtRLKKxpZQZaRfACoqKqW4kVwEMZhdEGEAWHMS87CAM/kfRoQZoWtOMArDuNU79OAMCts5QEbIgwIo9UjonE/IgwII05HmgEeRC8IU0pH+gGeQCRPV7XLjbIaBsLAQBgYCANbRvsLNpKDFmFLhSQAAAAASUVORK5CYII=)
, (13)
де
![](data:image/png;base64,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)
- деякі коефіцієнти, причому
![](data:image/png;base64,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)
, а
![](data:image/png;base64,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)
- щільності розподілу ВВ, для яких досить просто виконати моделювання на ЕОМ.
В основі моделювання лежить такий математичний апарат. Нехай існують ВВ
![](data:image/png;base64,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)
і
![](data:image/png;base64,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)
незалежні між собою і задані на тому самому імовірнісному просторі
![](data:image/png;base64,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)
. Нехай
![](data:image/png;base64,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)
- це функція розподілу ВВ
![](data:image/png;base64,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)
і
![](data:image/png;base64,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)
- це умовна щільність ймовірності ВВ
![](data:image/png;base64,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)
за умови, що ВВ
![](data:image/png;base64,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)
прийняла якесь значення
![](data:image/png;base64,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)
. (14)
Тоді безумовна щільність ймовірності ВВ
![](data:image/png;base64,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)
. (15)
Припустимо, що
![](data:image/png;base64,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)
- це ВВ, яка приймає дискретні значення
![](data:image/png;base64,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)
з імовірностями
![](data:image/png;base64,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)
. (16)
У цьому випадку
![](data:image/png;base64,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)
, отже приходимо до раніше наведеної суміші розподілу. У ролі щільностей ймовірності найпростішого типу можуть виступати: гаусові, прямокутні, трикутні розподіли.
На рис.6 для прикладу показано, як за допомогою гаусових розподілів апроксимується щільність розподілу складнішого виду
![](data:image/png;base64,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)
(17)
![](data:image/png;base64,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)
Рисунок 6 - Апроксимація складної щільності ймовірності за допомогою гаусових розподілів
Таким чином, алгоритм моделювання ВВ методом суперпозиції містить у собі такі етапи:
вибір вигляду найпростішої щільності розподілу, за допомогою якої апроксимується задана щільність ймовірності;
моделюється реалізація ВВ, яка приймає дискретні значення
![](data:image/png;base64,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)
з заданими імовірностями
![](data:image/png;base64,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)
;
для отриманого значення i моделюються реалізація ВВ з
-тою щільністю ймовірності;
з нову моделюється реалізація ВВ, яка приймає дискретні значення
![](data:image/png;base64,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)
;
потім виконується процес моделювання реалізації ВВ із новим номером щільності ймовірності;
зазначені етапи моделювання повторюються доти, доки не буде отримана вибірка реалізацій ВВ необхідного обсягу.
Введемо стандартну гаусову ВВ
![](data:image/png;base64,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)
із нульовим математичним сподіванням
![](data:image/png;base64,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)
і одиничною дисперсією
![](data:image/png;base64,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)
, (18)
де
![](data:image/png;base64,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)
- символ гаусової щільності ймовірності.