Теорема 2.4. Каждое представление конечной группы вполне приводимо.
Доказательство. Пусть
![](data:image/png;base64,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)
– приводимое представление конечной группы
![](data:image/png;base64,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)
, и пусть
![](data:image/png;base64,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)
разлагается следующим образом:
![](data:image/png;base64,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)
В силу предыдущей теоремы существует невырожденная матрица
![](data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAABAAAAATCAYAAACZZ43PAAAAAXNSR0ICQMB9xQAAAAlwSFlzAAAOxAAADsQBlSsOGwAAABl0RVh0U29mdHdhcmUATWljcm9zb2Z0IE9mZmljZX/tNXEAAADgSURBVDjLY2hsbGSgBDMMbgOAgBEZk2QASEOUMcNCIP0PgmVfu2RVG9VHGvsaRzf44DUApAisyTh6AUysoyONx0OWYTfQoDceefWGOA2AaUa2BS5XHytpLOc+K62jgwerAfV5HoayDAxvkG3GMMA4ug5nGOS4yRajO5HoWAD7UYZhD4OMxx5kJxJtANh5DAx3GYyjFpKVDogxAFtaQOFEGzMsYGAwvhtbXi6FrrC8PI3XzditFt172GLhNcwQWAosL4+VMmaQPYktcDGciUgwsBQIwsZ3YuvrJYdgbqSLAQDrsa/f+nJHjQAAAABJRU5ErkJggg==)
, такая, что
![](data:image/png;base64,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)
– унитарная матрица. Так как
![](data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAABAAAAATCAYAAACZZ43PAAAAAXNSR0ICQMB9xQAAAAlwSFlzAAAOxAAADsQBlSsOGwAAABl0RVh0U29mdHdhcmUATWljcm9zb2Z0IE9mZmljZX/tNXEAAADhSURBVDjLY2hsbGSgBDMMbgOAgBEZk2QASEOUMcNCIP0PgmVfu2RVG9VHGvsaRzf44DUApAisyTh6AUysoyONx0OWYTfQoDceefWGOA2Aav6PbAtcrj5W0ljOfVZaRwcPVgPq8zwMZRkY3iDbjGGAcXQdzjDIcZMtRnci0bEA9qMMwx4GGY89yE4k2gCw8xgY7jIYRy0kKx0QYwC2tIDCiTZmWMDAYHw3trxcCl1heXkar5uxWy2697DFwmuYIbAUWF4eK2XMIHsSW+BiOBORYGApEISN78TW10sOwdxIFwMA7uav4OOHGEoAAAAASUVORK5CYII=)
верхнетреугольная, то
![](data:image/png;base64,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)
имеет вид
![](data:image/png;base64,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)
Поскольку
![](data:image/png;base64,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)
, мы получаем
![](data:image/png;base64,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)
откуда следует, что
![](data:image/png;base64,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)
.
Лемма 3.1. (Лемма Шура.) Пусть
и
– неприводимые представления группы
степеней
и
соответсвенно. Пусть
– такая
– матрица, что ![](data:image/png;base64,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)
Тогда либо
![](data:image/png;base64,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)
,
либо
![](data:image/png;base64,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)
и
![](data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAABAAAAARCAYAAADUryzEAAAAAXNSR0ICQMB9xQAAAAlwSFlzAAAOxAAADsQBlSsOGwAAABl0RVh0U29mdHdhcmUATWljcm9zb2Z0IE9mZmljZX/tNXEAAADMSURBVDjLY2hsbGSgBDPQzAAgYMSGiTKgIdrYB6j4HxD/h9JQbHw3trxciigX1Od5GMoyMLwxjm7wAfE7OtJ4PGQY9jDIeOxJ6+jgIWgAxBVAG+vrJWFiOW6yxehiOA2IMmZYyGActRA5TMBish67Cbqgvj5W0piB4a5xZL0vLPCAtpeAwgHmJWICET0A7yA7Ha8BYKeiBRbR6QDmfFm3nGKyElJ1louRLIPsTY+8ekOSDYCHNDD0saU6vAZAE85reKChRRf9MxPdDAAAF9J5xNtjJpEAAAAASUVORK5CYII=)
невырожденная.
Доказательство. Допустим, что
![](data:image/png;base64,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)
. Покажем, что тогда имеет место
![](data:image/png;base64,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)
. Предположим, что либо
![](data:image/png;base64,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)
, либо
![](data:image/png;base64,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)
и
![](data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAABAAAAARCAYAAADUryzEAAAAAXNSR0ICQMB9xQAAAAlwSFlzAAAOxAAADsQBlSsOGwAAABl0RVh0U29mdHdhcmUATWljcm9zb2Z0IE9mZmljZX/tNXEAAADMSURBVDjLY2hsbGSgBDPQzAAgYMSGiTKgIdrYB6j4HxD/h9JQbHw3trxciigX1Od5GMoyMLwxjm7wAfE7OtJ4PGQY9jDIeOxJ6+jgIWgAxBVAG+vrJWFiOW6yxehiOA2IMmZYyGActRA5TMBish67Cbqgvj5W0piB4a5xZL0vLPCAtpeAwgHmJWICET0A7yA7Ha8BYKeiBRbR6QDmfFm3nGKyElJ1louRLIPsTY+8ekOSDYCHNDD0saU6vAZAE85reKChRRf9MxPdDAAAF9J5xNtjJpEAAAAASUVORK5CYII=)
вырожденна. Тогда существуют матрицы
![](data:image/png;base64,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)
и
![](data:image/png;base64,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)
, такие, что
![](data:image/png;base64,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)
где
![](data:image/png;base64,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)
. Так как
![](data:image/png;base64,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)
, то
![](data:image/png;base64,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)
где
![](data:image/png;base64,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)
Таким образом,
![](data:image/png;base64,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)
, если
![](data:image/png;base64,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)
, и
![](data:image/png;base64,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)
, если
![](data:image/png;base64,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)
. В любом случае
![](data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAABAAAAARCAYAAADUryzEAAAAAXNSR0ICQMB9xQAAAAlwSFlzAAAOxAAADsQBlSsOGwAAABl0RVh0U29mdHdhcmUATWljcm9zb2Z0IE9mZmljZX/tNXEAAADHSURBVDjLY2hsbGSgBDMMLQOqs1yMjN3yUsgyoLw8jddDhmGPcXSDD1kGRBkzLGRgYPhPlgEN0cY+xm5utbIMsjc98uoNSTKgPs/DUNY4ugdkCAOD8d3Y+npJog0A+dvN2K0urbyctz7S2JdkA6D+/gfF/xlkPPakdXTwEGUA2N9IAQY2jFgDQPEN8jeGa4yjFuJNSEDACPYrmk2wNCDrllMCUoPVgPr6WEljBoY7MD/LeuQVwbyCFA7/GGQ9diMbPsQyEzYMAEBSiTlCp4U5AAAAAElFTkSuQmCC)
или
![](data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAABAAAAARCAYAAADUryzEAAAAAXNSR0ICQMB9xQAAAAlwSFlzAAAOxAAADsQBlSsOGwAAABl0RVh0U29mdHdhcmUATWljcm9zb2Z0IE9mZmljZX/tNXEAAADsSURBVDjLvZNBDoIwEEXHPR4AQg9B5g6kCzyAELasCAsh6bKw4xhwDy5iIifQM6AtUAWD0sQIyQ/pYl7//wNQFAX8IvgLQDy7JWkDAoRKDHRC9/HdAfr1EuSjtdglKQC2Iecm56GJAK2EaAN8hFoNlGVkUBsasGkTlaWxClA3YpB78sxYtO8BGFRaDvIAvd4+Y5bM3bsBvMg4WoAh/1ieEB75QXsLKi9x47SPk1CHANzUeRUwDJAzTbgzK3TcyCpA2M+mbT8LXNjADCAzMhZasn1hN1Nf33A7dIQmp68R3ot7iVyncbb5mTYFPADlS3RnFCmTlAAAAABJRU5ErkJggg==)
приводимо, что противоречит условию.
Теорема 3.2. Пусть
– неприводимое представление группы
. Пусть
– такая матрица, что
для всех
. Тогда
, где
. Доказательство. Пусть
![](data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAA8AAAATCAYAAABPwleqAAAAAXNSR0ICQMB9xQAAAAlwSFlzAAAOxAAADsQBlSsOGwAAABl0RVh0U29mdHdhcmUATWljcm9zb2Z0IE9mZmljZX/tNXEAAADfSURBVDjLY2hsbGQgFzMMTs1AwAjCJGsuL4+VMmZguMPAIPvaI6/ekGjNHR1pPB5yJjNj6+sl6/M8DI3d8lJI0pyX1yABYldnuRh5RNbbkeXnKGPZXpKcDcM5brIlDAzGd0HOJ0kzyLlyDHI3ZGVNtpOkGRbSxtENPtEeHslpHR08RGkuL0/j9ZBh2CPrkVcEDnWP6GSi4znKmGEhg6zHbpBt9fWxkm5ueWGwwMOpGSRZH2nsCwygOzA/QuI4JxUkl+dmnIIe6nBGnodsEXpqAtkMSWUM/0DeGCK5iqaaAbJFmxb1fbCpAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC)
– некоторое собственное значение матрицы
![](data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAABAAAAARCAYAAADUryzEAAAAAXNSR0ICQMB9xQAAAAlwSFlzAAAOxAAADsQBlSsOGwAAABl0RVh0U29mdHdhcmUATWljcm9zb2Z0IE9mZmljZX/tNXEAAADOSURBVDjLY2hsbGSgBDPQzAAgYMSGiTKgIdrYB6j4HxD/h9JQbHw3trxciigX1Od5GMoyMLwxjm7wAfE7OtJ4PGQY9jDIeOxJ6+jgIWgAxBVAG+vrJWFiOW6yxehiOA2IMmZYyGActRA5TMBish67Cbqgvj5W0piB4a5xZL0vLPCAtpeAwgHmJfwGRBr7YgnAO8hOx2sA2KlogUV0OoA5X9Ytp5ishFSd5WIkyyB70yOv3pBkA+AhDQx9bKkOrwHQhPMaHmho0UX/zEQ3AwATaXnCCuUpAwAAAABJRU5ErkJggg==)
. Тогда
![](data:image/png;base64,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)
, а, кроме того,
![](data:image/png;base64,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)
откуда в силу леммы Шура следует, что
![](data:image/png;base64,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)
Теорема 3.3. Пусть
– абелева группа. Тогда каждое ее неприводимое представление имеет степень 1. Доказательство. Пусть
![](data:image/png;base64,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)
– неприводимое представление группы
![](data:image/png;base64,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)
. Поскольку
![](data:image/png;base64,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)
коммутирует с каждой матрицей
![](data:image/png;base64,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)
, из предыдущей теоремы следует, что
![](data:image/png;base64,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)
, где
![](data:image/png;base64,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)
. Поскольку
![](data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAABAAAAARCAYAAADUryzEAAAAAXNSR0ICQMB9xQAAAAlwSFlzAAAOxAAADsQBlSsOGwAAABl0RVh0U29mdHdhcmUATWljcm9zb2Z0IE9mZmljZX/tNXEAAADJSURBVDjLY2hsbGSgBDMMLQOqs1yMjN3yUsgyoLw8jddDhmGPcXSDD1kGRBkzLGRgYPhPlgEN0cY+xm5utbIMsjc98uoNSTKgPs/DUNY4ugdkCAOD8d3Y+npJog0A+dvN2K0urbyctz7S2JdkA6D+/gfF/xlkPPakdXTwEGUA2N9IAQY2jFgDQPEN8jeGa4yjFuJNSEDACPYryCagv9HTgKxbTglIDVYD6utjJY0ZGO7A/CzrkVcE8wpSOPxjkPXYjeyNIZaZsGEAGdaJGLSJSn4AAAAASUVORK5CYII=)
неприводимо, отсюда вытекает, что его степень равна 1.
Ниже везде предполагается, что рассматриваемые группы конечны.
Характеры. Для квадратной матрицы
![](data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAADwAAAAZCAYAAABtnU33AAAAAXNSR0ICQMB9xQAAAAlwSFlzAAAOxAAADsQBlSsOGwAAABl0RVh0U29mdHdhcmUATWljcm9zb2Z0IE9mZmljZX/tNXEAAAJkSURBVFjD7VgxTsMwFP3ssFOEewfymZmQ5QEO0EadQBkQygBIGaC43SoBB2CDa1AuACcAqT1BOQMQ23FJjZ06JaKCdvBSNd/v/f/e97eh2+3CIq2FIrskvCT8WyAAVn4rXqlA50e7AdL4sEpwSdLaQMCHFue1KuJx3qrJeEmy8SPCSRKtsU14xLCzVxVZ3sB9ABxURXYcN2Zbdai/7B6dBzMTbiLcp1L5qIqwqGwAQb+IrJCmXuZvPqQJBM9mpb3AdULcQ0rbBMgri/lWETDXsiWQ0OPTIvsQgFH67Ttssseo11tV8ochYfGJD+5jSk4Bm/elCMtMYXgtSKfyG9oqEiLcSWCuheGd6bMAyLMteTapi/hCWVJlRiyvKucwT/UtRXoZJclaBmJYhd+KkqcqO6kkAZwhXpX1u2pgMMzb0Me3ulIfWlo/lbSUmoOwquKkDFWl4M1XyibhvHWKfZvLjATiIFxW0i7Ctopk/z8Dwvrm3mYzm5mwlFXq22mZr1rSNs8pK8G7ToIm1utFqwzZhU5CiHjpk8Bv0pQbiEqmvjXP4DRTZ1VMRa6mlUl3hA2+P8YCZEQptvXeQh2CQN4qLkyFTSvLxkDLUPtFVSMnT4u0ZlnCBrZjKWbk5Gs/1aR0IvK4pOJSLHEnXmcE+rb5QB1Lk3aa2/ysEkyebNOQ92yQkeQNtmOqxTWyzvXSUDQCTlcI8vE5zdhBXnXZgDKwVX3uN6XxsF/yfA2CZkf6XA5GzRvfeH/yTqv7iugBuon96wcAcSSlE2A74lGN1bdvy6jjz75cqGGHjFzz+PKJZ0l4QdYn67Fl58+KPeIAAAAASUVORK5CYII=)
порядка
![](data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAA0AAAAPCAYAAAA/I0V3AAAAAXNSR0ICQMB9xQAAAAlwSFlzAAAOxAAADsQBlSsOGwAAABl0RVh0U29mdHdhcmUATWljcm9zb2Z0IE9mZmljZX/tNXEAAADHSURBVDjLY2hsbGQgFTMMjCYgYIJiRiifEZmPoak+z8NQloHhNVDBf+PoBp/y8jReD1mG3UD+P1m3nGKcNtXXx0oaMRjtDq0ONTJmkD3pkVdvmOMmW4xfU6SxL4Nx1MJoY+P62Pp6yY6ONB4PWdmVIM04NUUZMyyUlZU9Yhzb4A13sqzHyrSODh7sfgI6zZiB4a6sR14RTAzotBKQ0/AHBJKpEP/JnnKLdEsx9chLxqopz0O2CNkWaGi+YpD12I3TeUMgGRGLAd8SEVs7dzUvAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC)
обозначим через
![](data:image/png;base64,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)
ее
след, т.е.
![](data:image/png;base64,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)
Путем прямых вычислений доказывается следующая
Лемма 4.1.
для произвольной квадратной матрицы ![](data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAABAAAAARCAYAAADUryzEAAAAAXNSR0ICQMB9xQAAAAlwSFlzAAAOxAAADsQBlSsOGwAAABl0RVh0U29mdHdhcmUATWljcm9zb2Z0IE9mZmljZX/tNXEAAADOSURBVDjLY2hsbGSgBDPQzAAgYMSGiTKgIdrYB6j4HxD/h9JQbHw3trxciigX1Od5GMoyMLwxjm7wAfE7OtJ4PGQY9jDIeOxJ6+jgIWgAxBVAG+vrJWFiOW6yxehiOA2IMmZYyGActRA5TMBish67Cbqgvj5W0piB4a5xZL0vLPCAtpeAwgHmJfwGRBr7YgnAO8hOx2sA2KlogUV0OoA5X9Ytp5ishFSd5WIkyyB70yOv3pBkA+AhDQx9bKkOrwHQhPMaHmho0UX/zEQ3AwATaXnCCuUpAwAAAABJRU5ErkJggg==)
.
Для представления
![](data:image/png;base64,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)
группы
![](data:image/png;base64,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)
положим
![](data:image/png;base64,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)
Тогда
![](data:image/png;base64,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)
– функция, принимающая значения в множестве
![](data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAABAAAAATCAYAAACZZ43PAAAAAXNSR0ICQMB9xQAAAAlwSFlzAAAOxAAADsQBlSsOGwAAABl0RVh0U29mdHdhcmUATWljcm9zb2Z0IE9mZmljZX/tNXEAAADgSURBVDjLY2hsbGSgBDMMbgOAgBEZk2QASEOUMcNCIP0PgmVfu2RVG9VHGvsaRzf44DUApAisyTh6AUysoyONx0OWYTfQoDceefWGOA2AaUa2BS5XHytpLOc+K62jgwerAfV5HoayDAxvkG3GMMA4ug5nGOS4yRajO5HoWAD7UYZhD4OMxx5kJxJtANh5DAx3GYyjFpKVDogxAFtaQOFEGzMsYGAwvhtbXi6FrrC8PI3XzditFt172GLhNcwQWAosL4+VMmaQPYktcDGciUgwsBQIwsZ3YuvrJYdgbqSLAQDrsa/f+nJHjQAAAABJRU5ErkJggg==)
и называемая
характером представления
![](data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAABAAAAARCAYAAADUryzEAAAAAXNSR0ICQMB9xQAAAAlwSFlzAAAOxAAADsQBlSsOGwAAABl0RVh0U29mdHdhcmUATWljcm9zb2Z0IE9mZmljZX/tNXEAAADJSURBVDjLY2hsbGSgBDMMLQOqs1yMjN3yUsgyoLw8jddDhmGPcXSDD1kGRBkzLGRgYPhPlgEN0cY+xm5utbIMsjc98uoNSTKgPs/DUNY4ugdkCAOD8d3Y+npJog0A+dvN2K0urbyctz7S2JdkA6D+/gfF/xlkPPakdXTwEGUA2N9IAQY2jFgDQPEN8jeGa4yjFuJNSEDACPYryCagv9HTgKxbTglIDVYD6utjJY0ZGO7A/CzrkVcE8wpSOPxjkPXYjeyNIZaZsGEAGdaJGLSJSn4AAAAASUVORK5CYII=)
. Очевидно, что
![](data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAACMAAAAVCAYAAADM+lfpAAAAAXNSR0ICQMB9xQAAAAlwSFlzAAAOxAAADsQBlSsOGwAAABl0RVh0U29mdHdhcmUATWljcm9zb2Z0IE9mZmljZX/tNXEAAAGwSURBVEjH7ZZNagIxFMdf93oAxXgH8+gNJGRhlxbq4K64EBloFWYhEt3NoofQHqN6AT1BF3qC3kE6SToaMwmjWEVKBwKTzCTv9/7vYwYmkwncyrgZkF+FSa47e+5auzhMFLXLCPjRFqKk550ir8ACKnzRieOCXBOiXVLvRFH5YjDiCR8AcJ2CaKOwTlTYmjDqWchrVah+1rtDejKMLbU9l4pQoPMUxBw9Rvo2TApEAJcuhbwg4wAbyjvD68TAAIB88VDU5LyFMCOs13ft98HsnmFrdhSMosfgTd6HDJ+l8WG3TpVHRjgokFUKdgqMVoeubEVzcyJAFM1hk8o8wGDcOFQON64Q5cLovNqY5x0Hw+9fEklWhIevGWNnwtghzinZnxLFYOo0dk0YlbCEz10HXjVMun/A1t5gHuhLYFn+LQrvCiaKimclsKwc2ZwYw5EPRic3TBOpBw6vddNTY98KDks7G3pPa9cSpmXt+65ow2Tp66jHfDq8MErepJGl1BJGGpLrIWOPrgPyWrzD0bVP7d1NHHcKnMDcTNh9F4atXdpZhdzenvLO3/yf+Ye55PgGYHccYsBQ9isAAAAASUVORK5CYII=)
равно степени представления
![](data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAABAAAAARCAYAAADUryzEAAAAAXNSR0ICQMB9xQAAAAlwSFlzAAAOxAAADsQBlSsOGwAAABl0RVh0U29mdHdhcmUATWljcm9zb2Z0IE9mZmljZX/tNXEAAADHSURBVDjLY2hsbGSgBDMMLQOqs1yMjN3yUsgyoLw8jddDhmGPcXSDD1kGRBkzLGRgYPhPlgEN0cY+xm5utbIMsjc98uoNSTKgPs/DUNY4ugdkCAOD8d3Y+npJog0A+dvN2K0urbyctz7S2JdkA6D+/gfF/xlkPPakdXTwEGUA2N9IAQY2jFgDQPEN8jeGa4yjFuJNSEDACPYrmk2wNCDrllMCUoPVgPr6WEljBoY7MD/LeuQVwbyCFA7/GGQ9diMbPsQyEzYMAEBSiTlCp4U5AAAAAElFTkSuQmCC)
. Характеры неприводимых представлений называются
неприводимыми характерами. Из леммы 4.1 (2) вытекает следующая
Лемма 4.2. Эквивалентные представления имеют один и тот же характер.
Поскольку
![](data:image/png;base64,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)
, имеет место равенство
![](data:image/png;base64,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)
. Таким образом,
![](data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAABAAAAARCAYAAADUryzEAAAAAXNSR0ICQMB9xQAAAAlwSFlzAAAOxAAADsQBlSsOGwAAABl0RVh0U29mdHdhcmUATWljcm9zb2Z0IE9mZmljZX/tNXEAAADvSURBVDjLY2hsbGSgBOOXZGBgBGFcfLwGNEQb+wAV/2NgML4TW18vCRLLcZMtZmCQfe2RV2+I14D6PA9DWePoHhA7z804BaShOsvFSJbB+CTMMKK8AMLRxsb1odWhRsYMDHeMoxt8SAoDsAEepoVAq0/JeuQVkRyI5eVpvB4yDHsYjKMXkBULwEArYZD12J3W0cFDsgH1kca+oFjA5m+CBoBCXI5B7oabm3EtyQaUl8dKAUP8LkgjLAqJNgCUyqKMGRbCAg1kgEtWtRFIPM/NLQw9DaAY0NGRxuMhy7AbOdAQqZHhH1nRSHFmGhoGAACdKoTrXj9JggAAAABJRU5ErkJggg==)
принимает одно и то же значение на всем классе сопряженных элементов группы
![](data:image/png;base64,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)
. Такие функции называются
функциями классов.
Первое соотношение ортогональности для характеров. Пусть
![](data:image/png;base64,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)
– группа порядка
![](data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAA0AAAARCAYAAAAG/yacAAAAAXNSR0ICQMB9xQAAAAlwSFlzAAAOxAAADsQBlSsOGwAAABl0RVh0U29mdHdhcmUATWljcm9zb2Z0IE9mZmljZX/tNXEAAADCSURBVDjLY2hsbGQgFTNQRRMQMKJjvJrqI419gYr+IeH/DAzGd2Lr6yWxaqqvj5U0ZmC4axzd4APi57jJFjPIeOxJ6+jgwWlTfZ6HoSyD7E2PvHpDBN/oFLotKJo6OtJ4PGQZdsu65ZSA/AF2qqzHbrw2YfoJ0y9Y/WTEYLQ7trxciujQgwbEHbTQ+wdyLk5N5eVpvG5ukSkozgUHhvFJnEGe5yFbBA7i8nJemLNAwS7rkVdEMPRQnIZFA/XS3uDSBAACPSwGf5CNvAAAAABJRU5ErkJggg==)
, а
![](data:image/png;base64,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)
и
![](data:image/png;base64,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)
– ее неприводимые представления степеней
![](data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAABEAAAAPCAYAAAACsSQRAAAAAXNSR0ICQMB9xQAAAAlwSFlzAAAOxAAADsQBlSsOGwAAABl0RVh0U29mdHdhcmUATWljcm9zb2Z0IE9mZmljZX/tNXEAAADjSURBVDjLzZI/DgFBFId/eheQeDoHMM8RRB5xASYqolBMoVWM7TZxAh0dZ1gn2DOsE7gDdsSw/qxIFEwyyXzJyze/92YQBAG+3fhPSboKbn/KTxJr+yUGkrToyHrWmY4bioA9wLu+taVHzk3iRAoUi5YBUWttbLeqoCJtpJ3lt5KZ5g5IxcwyH4Vh8cxKRfWKLK5MErlzrqTHWAG0F2NrN+bE3+zYtZo7kzAcFaWMrS+6zGiX5Vet3A/WSI1INj7qY/Qzc29lmjz0SZ8kRmhCYiaeNWOZje44fblDtubPf+xPJSc5bGhMa5NEIgAAAABJRU5ErkJggg==)
и
![](data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAA0AAAAPCAYAAAA/I0V3AAAAAXNSR0ICQMB9xQAAAAlwSFlzAAAOxAAADsQBlSsOGwAAABl0RVh0U29mdHdhcmUATWljcm9zb2Z0IE9mZmljZX/tNXEAAADHSURBVDjLY2hsbGQgFTMMjCYgYIJiRiifEZmPoak+z8NQloHhNVDBf+PoBp/y8jReD1mG3UD+P1m3nGKcNtXXx0oaMRjtDq0ONTJmkD3pkVdvmOMmW4xfU6SxL4Nx1MJoY+P62Pp6yY6ONB4PWdmVIM04NUUZMyyUlZU9Yhzb4A13sqzHyrSODh7sfgI6zZiB4a6sR14RTAzotBKQ0/AHBJKpEP/JnnKLdEsx9chLxqopz0O2CNkWaGi+YpD12I3TeUMgGRGLAd8SEVs7dzUvAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC)
соответственно. Для произвольной
![](data:image/png;base64,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)
– матрицы
![](data:image/png;base64,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)
пусть