![](data:image/png;base64,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)
Пусть
![](data:image/png;base64,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)
– характер представления
![](data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAABAAAAARCAYAAADUryzEAAAAAXNSR0ICQMB9xQAAAAlwSFlzAAAOxAAADsQBlSsOGwAAABl0RVh0U29mdHdhcmUATWljcm9zb2Z0IE9mZmljZX/tNXEAAADpSURBVDjLY2hsbGSgBDPQ3QAgYCTbgOosFyNjt7wUsgwoL0/jdZNh2Gsc3eBDsgEgZ0cZMywE0v/JMqA+0tjX2M2tVpZB9qZHXr0hSQaA/C1rHN3TEG3sw8BgfDe2vl6SaAPA/jZ2qwtNS+OrjTT0I8kAkL+jjRkWAOm/IMzIwPCPQcZjT1pHBw9RBoD9HdvgDeODA5EYA0A2w/yNLA42wDhqId6UCARMYL/KuO1NKy/nhRmYlhbKB0oDsm45JQwMq5iwGlBfHytpzMBwG+ZnWY+8IpB4Q6yxN0wMjGXddyF7g2Ho5UZ0DABRWIG2vnPnxwAAAABJRU5ErkJggg==)
и
![](data:image/png;base64,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)
– характер представления
![](data:image/png;base64,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)
. Тогда
![](data:image/png;base64,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)
Если
![](data:image/png;base64,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)
, то
![](data:image/png;base64,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)
и
![](data:image/png;base64,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)
называют
неприводимыми компонентами представления
![](data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAABAAAAARCAYAAADUryzEAAAAAXNSR0ICQMB9xQAAAAlwSFlzAAAOxAAADsQBlSsOGwAAABl0RVh0U29mdHdhcmUATWljcm9zb2Z0IE9mZmljZX/tNXEAAADpSURBVDjLY2hsbGSgBDPQ3QAgYCTbgOosFyNjt7wUsgwoL0/jdZNh2Gsc3eBDsgEgZ0cZMywE0v/JMqA+0tjX2M2tVpZB9qZHXr0hSQaA/C1rHN3TEG3sw8BgfDe2vl6SaAPA/jZ2qwtNS+OrjTT0I8kAkL+jjRkWAOm/IMzIwPCPQcZjT1pHBw9RBoD9HdvgDeODA5EYA0A2w/yNLA42wDhqId6UCARMYL/KuO1NKy/nhRmYlhbKB0oDsm45JQwMq5iwGlBfHytpzMBwG+ZnWY+8IpB4Q6yxN0wMjGXddyF7g2Ho5UZ0DABRWIG2vnPnxwAAAABJRU5ErkJggg==)
и характера
![](data:image/png;base64,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)
соответственно.
Теорема 4.5. Пусть
– группа и
– характер некоторого ее представления. Пусть
– кратность неприводимого характера
в
. Тогда ![](data:image/png;base64,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)
Доказательство. Пусть разложение
![](data:image/png;base64,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)
в сумму неприводимых характеров имеет вид
![](data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAFEAAAAlCAYAAAA6PAXhAAAAAXNSR0ICQMB9xQAAAAlwSFlzAAAOxAAADsQBlSsOGwAAABl0RVh0U29mdHdhcmUATWljcm9zb2Z0IE9mZmljZX/tNXEAAAMxSURBVGje7VnBbtowGDacu93Lam57gMacd6oiV6xHJtGIU6scKpQDnZQDagM3NE2799b11D0D2wOMJ5jU8gLdXgFY7MTUM0lsJ4TB5sMvYeQf+/v8/9/v34DhcAiMFTNDgiHRkGhILLwwAJXQqjmtYkgMzcOwF5IxD20RG/k8U7AFtLuXhsTYBh3UXBJ5gL+1XPdl1vwg6OwjAB4NiclEzqJoRNOW77/KJNLDh8j2zneCRF6zxO/WvQlCDATgKSIS/jq66FuZ0Yic6zI1WhdvOrA2OokiBD12gmCffNe14fsQ5BP2gkPNIiEtBHGqPkTpTYlEMj/x9xNIqKoeug5eJRJpZCDnIy0ANjonP9K/OLIgQN/ZArw5CNxmFgPk3KoAGY3cPQzBmOkkagcnaURypC+QM3gb7Y9EM5qSPYpjaSZo4NXWRAehoNVvWUTQUWfQLFtfBCLnEHu9rOi1AJxgB59BeHzvBe3XFrDG7a7d5McqRBTBK53QxqgXHskkC8w60lm0UwQ+yyKYpiC0Jo0G/uCORnt0bFnjRh3fLMcQj8ln1XVV8GqR6PvuC3wAvsrArCudn9ft1BgRUqIB/Mk0Kxo/axoZk1RPOvQieEX/zIlUWDVPsqgRIMcQ3svEnKZ9CJiRFGvklB/TVPb9WkLKXosproNX9JdVq3nSSZbZCtLoUdAiKvwQf2GAxdSNUvv0jhUKQXoqefEm+adusA7qP2wbXW2KxDgSLlW1iLSN/FwiKTz5TGL4OaxoiZhU8ab5J+oRTYtwQ/wplt3000hQ1M60aFJbB7/hI1MXr+i/QiJLJwaG/Gh86a16tv1O56pQRiHhCc+bIQ7GZ2ydPHh5/xUSl/czTle4vnamU/LLKCR/HLQFP6nOX9HR+FKdBy/vvzUPEBEh4C7uTJTeEqNWTN6FJF1JiObmiWCZ/18lMCJk+Z6oYeokkoizkX3l+m4N1xs3upKk4r8NT2D6pnl3jSq1/CEhr//WvMntsm3/Brfs/5SdJDGpRTMkakahicQ1vCtusnf/JyMxqcUyJBZo0QyJOSytxTIkbqBF++9JLNqiGRLX1KIZEk3bZ0g0VsB+A7jmw39cWUqWAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC)
, где
![](data:image/png;base64,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)
– кратность
![](data:image/png;base64,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)
. Тогда
Теорема 4.6. Пусть
– представления группы
, а
– их характеры. Тогда
и
эквивалентны в том и только том случае, когда
. Доказательство. В силу предыдущей теоремы кратности компоненты
![](data:image/png;base64,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)
в
![](data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAABAAAAARCAYAAADUryzEAAAAAXNSR0ICQMB9xQAAAAlwSFlzAAAOxAAADsQBlSsOGwAAABl0RVh0U29mdHdhcmUATWljcm9zb2Z0IE9mZmljZX/tNXEAAADrSURBVDjLY2hsbGSgBDPQ3QAgYCTbgOosFyNjt7wUsgwoTwvlc5Nh2Gsc3eBDsgEgZ0cZMywE0v9JNgCkuT7S2NfYza1WlkH2pkdevSFJBoD8LWsc3dMQbezDwGB8N7a+XpJoA8D+NnarC01L46uNNPQjyQCQ06ONGRYA6b8gzMjA8I9BxmNPWkcHD0ED4P6ObfCGiYEDkRgDQJph/kYWBxtgHL0Ab0oEAiawX2Xc9qaVl/PCDEyDpgFZt6wSBoZVTFgNqK+PlTRmYLgN9fMfWY+sIpB4Q6yxNywcQOIMsu67kL3BMPRyIzoGAAq4fmgf1ilPAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC)
и
![](data:image/png;base64,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)
определяются характерами последних. Поскольку каждое представление группы
![](data:image/png;base64,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)
вполне приводимо, представления
![](data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAABAAAAARCAYAAADUryzEAAAAAXNSR0ICQMB9xQAAAAlwSFlzAAAOxAAADsQBlSsOGwAAABl0RVh0U29mdHdhcmUATWljcm9zb2Z0IE9mZmljZX/tNXEAAADpSURBVDjLY2hsbGSgBDPQ3QAgYCTbgOosFyNjt7wUsgwoL0/jdZNh2Gsc3eBDsgEgZ0cZMywE0v/JMqA+0tjX2M2tVpZB9qZHXr0hSQaA/C1rHN3TEG3sw8BgfDe2vl6SaAPA/jZ2qwtNS+OrjTT0I8kAkL+jjRkWAOm/IMzIwPCPQcZjT1pHBw9RBoD9HdvgDeODA5EYA0A2w/yNLA42wDhqId6UCARMYL/KuO1NKy/nhRmYlhbKB0oDsm45JQwMq5iwGlBfHytpzMBwG+ZnWY+8IpB4Q6yxN0wMjGXddyF7g2Ho5UZ0DABRWIG2vnPnxwAAAABJRU5ErkJggg==)
и
![](data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAABAAAAARCAYAAADUryzEAAAAAXNSR0ICQMB9xQAAAAlwSFlzAAAOxAAADsQBlSsOGwAAABl0RVh0U29mdHdhcmUATWljcm9zb2Z0IE9mZmljZX/tNXEAAAERSURBVDjLY2hsbGSgBDPQxIBVDAxMDBh4FRPRBkQZM8wHavoHxP+B+C8YG0UswmYITqfluMkWMzAY34mtr5esr4+VNGZguMtgHLWQaAOijBgWMRhHLwCxOzrSeDxkGPYwyHjsSevo4CFoAMxG4+gGHxC/vDyN1x1kANRAggY0RBv7AJ1/N7S8XBoUgNHGDAuA/Nsg7xBlAND/JdBABAegYWStH5BmJCoWYP6V9cgrAnsnz8NQloHhtaxbTglRBlRnuRjJMsje9MirN0SK1oUgLxHlBbDzZT12w0IbFIBuMgx7kcWwGgDyY3l5qDQo9EHOhaXACFB0AsMB5iWcBuR5yBbBUx0Kln2F7B36ZCa6GgAA0k92RQRf6YIAAAAASUVORK5CYII=)
эквивалентны тогда и только тогда, когда каждое неприводимое представление
![](data:image/png;base64,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)
имеет в
![](data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAABAAAAARCAYAAADUryzEAAAAAXNSR0ICQMB9xQAAAAlwSFlzAAAOxAAADsQBlSsOGwAAABl0RVh0U29mdHdhcmUATWljcm9zb2Z0IE9mZmljZX/tNXEAAADpSURBVDjLY2hsbGSgBDPQ3QAgYCTbgOosFyNjt7wUsgwoL0/jdZNh2Gsc3eBDsgEgZ0cZMywE0v/JMqA+0tjX2M2tVpZB9qZHXr0hSQaA/C1rHN3TEG3sw8BgfDe2vl6SaAPA/jZ2qwtNS+OrjTT0I8kAkL+jjRkWAOm/IMzIwPCPQcZjT1pHBw9RBoD9HdvgDeODA5EYA0A2w/yNLA42wDhqId6UCARMYL/KuO1NKy/nhRmYlhbKB0oDsm45JQwMq5iwGlBfHytpzMBwG+ZnWY+8IpB4Q6yxN0wMjGXddyF7g2Ho5UZ0DABRWIG2vnPnxwAAAABJRU5ErkJggg==)
и
![](data:image/png;base64,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)
одну ту же кратность. Таким образом,
![](data:image/png;base64,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)
тогда и только тогда, когда
![](data:image/png;base64,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)
.
Пусть
![](data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAA8AAAAPCAYAAAA71pVKAAAAAXNSR0ICQMB9xQAAAAlwSFlzAAAOxAAADsQBlSsOGwAAABl0RVh0U29mdHdhcmUATWljcm9zb2Z0IE9mZmljZX/tNXEAAADjSURBVDjLY2hsbGQgFzNQXfMqBgYmBpx4FRNOzWlpoXwesgy7gQr/AfFfKEawjaPmY9Xc0ZHG4ykru8Ijr94w2ti4Pra+XhIk5iEruxIkhtfZ9XmRqpF59arl5bFSxsbRdSCx6iwXI1lZzxVpHR08RPk5x804FWZTlDHDQuPoBh+iAgxkq4mcx0yQTfX1sZJGDEa7Qc4nqBkIGHPcZEuMYxu8wd6INPYFBtBCmBx+P4MUy3rshvkP5GRZt5yS8vJQaVgYYNVcn+dhKMcgdx05VPM8ZIsgUWR8G5vTGQZX8qSLZgA7+jnOktY+EgAAAABJRU5ErkJggg==)
– характер правого регулярного представления группы
![](data:image/png;base64,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)
порядка
![](data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAA0AAAARCAYAAAAG/yacAAAAAXNSR0ICQMB9xQAAAAlwSFlzAAAOxAAADsQBlSsOGwAAABl0RVh0U29mdHdhcmUATWljcm9zb2Z0IE9mZmljZX/tNXEAAADgSURBVDjLY2hsbGQgFTNQrAkIGIGYCR3j1VQbaegHVPQXiv8BzQBi49ux9fWSWDXV18dKGjMw3DWObvAB8fM8ZIsYZDz2pHV08OC0qT7Pw1CWQfamS1a1EYJvdArdFhRNHR1pPB6yDLtl3bJKgE5jro809mWQ9dyF1yaw6SCFEP/8weYXrH4yYjDaHVpeLo0Weox4NQED4g5S6IGxrFtOCU5N5eVpvG5ukSnIktVZLkayDMYncQY5KIgZZdz3hKal8UGdxZzjJlss65FVhDf03GUZdiE57Q82DdRJe4NPEwDqcyonsLLYUgAAAABJRU5ErkJggg==)
. Отметим, что
![](data:image/png;base64,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)
Для характера
![](data:image/png;base64,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)
произвольного неприводимого представления
![](data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAABEAAAAYCAYAAAAcYhYyAAAAAXNSR0ICQMB9xQAAAAlwSFlzAAAOxAAADsQBlSsOGwAAABl0RVh0U29mdHdhcmUATWljcm9zb2Z0IE9mZmljZX/tNXEAAAEsSURBVDjL5VQ9TsMwFH6UtRcA6d2B5s1sVXhSy0xJ5LVDFGVIhg5FsrPlGKUbPQLcgDtwAbgCFJ5Lg0xFEkeMtfTJkmV/1vdjQ1mW8F/AEZDIOBEMmrEZdJIkjLls/hB87mcXW0B+mlfVsFOOiWkKgG+c6ZG7noZYYJgWXp7Yze6NVuKOXNGElJl4kUQE98hZXhOkYXijtD7zNnaxUOcB4PM4WZIQnC6TMSHyg+tDJ4m+pWu5fPvLTIpXvSKOAli7hzJJq5bmRWKliIYXis30JynFl1yYC7dHrSTfUiRa55CLqpoPmfiusSe2jTMrJZitD1tZY9PWWJ3xCAFe90a+A149/pVGTLDybmxbk73L1oSYSB+WrhfBroRBZDrTaZUi78b6hZzkx/Y99sUXDcY802CFdgwAAAAASUVORK5CYII=)
выполняется соотношение
![](data:image/png;base64,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)
равно степени представления
![](data:image/png;base64,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)
). Следовательно, справедлива следующая
Теорема 4.7. Пусть
– характер правого регулярного представления группы
. Тогда каждое неприводимое представления
этой группы входит в
с кратностью
, где
– степень представления
. Таким образом, ![](data:image/png;base64,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)
где суммирование ведется по всем неприводимым характерам
![](data:image/png;base64,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)
группы
![](data:image/png;base64,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)
.
Заметим, что правое и левое регулярные представления эквивалентны, поскольку характер
![](data:image/png;base64,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)
левого регулярного представления также удовлетворяет равенству (4.8). Поэтому
![](data:image/png;base64,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)
.
Теорема 4.7 утверждает, что каждый неприводимый характер входит в
![](data:image/png;base64,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)
в качестве компоненты, и поэтому
![](data:image/png;base64,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)
имеет лишь конечное число неприводимых характеров. Ниже мы покажем, что число неприводимых характеров группы
![](data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAABEAAAATCAYAAAB2pebxAAAAAXNSR0ICQMB9xQAAAAlwSFlzAAAOxAAADsQBlSsOGwAAABl0RVh0U29mdHdhcmUATWljcm9zb2Z0IE9mZmljZX/tNXEAAAEXSURBVDjLY2hsbGSgFDMMDUOAgBGImZAwI0ycoCEwzVHGDAuB9F84No5ekJYWyudm7Fab1tHBg9MQkAH1kca+QPofg6znLmTFDbHG3iBxWbecYrwugRlgHNvgjc2VOW6yxcbRDT44DanOcjGSZWB4A3I2rnDK8zBN9sirN8RpCCQMjO/G1tdLEghgJqyGdHSk8XjIMOxhkPHYgxwOYHFZht3gMGJg+A+hjW8jW4QIi/pYSWMGhrsMxlELsXmjIdrYB2SIrEdeEc50AjfEKGoRjgAtAbrgDrpXMcIk2phhAQOD7BuXrGojZHG4V3EEOGr0QlxzG2RjaHm5NCwQgbFmDIo1XNGONRohLkJKqSCMlvCGYC6mqyEA3sC7BgmXw/wAAAAASUVORK5CYII=)
совпадает с числом ее классов сопряженных элементов.
Теорема 4.8. Пусть
– полный набор различных неприводимых характеров группы
. Пусть
– степень
, а
– порядок группы
. Тогда ![](data:image/png;base64,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)
и
![](data:image/png;base64,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)
для
![](data:image/png;base64,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)
.
Для доказательства достаточно вычислить
![](data:image/png;base64,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)
на элементе
![](data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAA0AAAAPCAYAAAA/I0V3AAAAAXNSR0ICQMB9xQAAAAlwSFlzAAAOxAAADsQBlSsOGwAAABl0RVh0U29mdHdhcmUATWljcm9zb2Z0IE9mZmljZX/tNXEAAAC4SURBVDjLY2hsbGQgFTMMvCYgYARhGBuvJpCCHDfZYiD9j4FB9rWbm3Etg4zHnrSODh6smsrL03g9ZBj2MBhHLwDx6+tjJY0ZGO7KuuUU47QpyphhIUwDCHd0pPGADDGObvDBqqkh2tiHgcH4bmx9vSRMrDrLxUiWwegUshiKJogtUQsxnYoQw6kJFBDl5bFSQL/cAbL/G8fGpkRG1hvicR4oxEDY+E5kfaQhRKPxHZzOG2LJCB8GAOfREu0jB8FHAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC)
, используя (4.8).
Второе соотношение ортогональности для характеров. Пусть
![](data:image/png;base64,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)
– группа, а
![](data:image/png;base64,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)
– ее классы сопряженных элементов. Образуем формальную сумму элементов из класса
![](data:image/png;base64,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)
:
![](data:image/png;base64,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)
Определим произведение
![](data:image/png;base64,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)
и
![](data:image/png;base64,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)
по правилу
![](data:image/png;base64,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)
где
![](data:image/png;base64,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)
, а суммирование ведется по
![](data:image/png;base64,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)
. Для элемента
![](data:image/png;base64,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)
обозначим через
![](data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAkAAAAQCAYAAADESFVDAAAAAXNSR0ICQMB9xQAAAAlwSFlzAAAOxAAADsQBlSsOGwAAABl0RVh0U29mdHdhcmUATWljcm9zb2Z0IE9mZmljZX/tNXEAAACtSURBVCjPY2hsbGQghBnIVgQEjAwM/xlxKgIpqM5yMTb1yEvGqmgVAwNTeZqLiSyD7C2XtHITmGkoiqKMGeYD7fkHNOwv0MQ/xrH13litizJiWCTrkVeE0+EN5bFShgyypzyKGwxwKspxky1hkPXYndbRwYNVUXl5Gq+HDOMekFUgD2BVVJ/nYSjLYHg6sDhNw0POZGZsfb0kpqJYY2+QjxgY5F7idRP1444sRQC4ZcvWnDheSwAAAABJRU5ErkJggg==)
число пар
![](data:image/png;base64,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)
, таких, что
![](data:image/png;base64,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)
. Тогда для
![](data:image/png;base64,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)
имеется в точности
![](data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAkAAAAQCAYAAADESFVDAAAAAXNSR0ICQMB9xQAAAAlwSFlzAAAOxAAADsQBlSsOGwAAABl0RVh0U29mdHdhcmUATWljcm9zb2Z0IE9mZmljZX/tNXEAAACzSURBVCjPY2hsbGQghBnIVgQEjAwMq5hwKgIpKE9zMTH1yEvGqig0lIEZpECWQfaWS1q5CQPDf0YMRVEmDPMYGRn+MTAy/gWa+Ns4tt4bq3VRRgyLZD3yinA6vKE8VsqQQfaUR3GDAU5FOW6yJQyyHrvTOjp4sCoqL0/j9ZBh3CPrkVW0ioGBCaui+jwPQ1kGw9OBxWkaHnImM2Lr6yUxFcUae4N8xMAg9wKvm6gfd2QpAgAHxct2aM4vLAAAAABJRU5ErkJggg==)
пар
![](data:image/png;base64,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)
, таких, что
![](data:image/png;base64,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)
, поскольку
![](data:image/png;base64,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)
тогда и только тогда, когда
![](data:image/png;base64,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)
для
![](data:image/png;base64,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)
. Поэтому каждый элемент из
![](data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAABUAAAAZCAYAAADe1WXtAAAAAXNSR0ICQMB9xQAAAAlwSFlzAAAOxAAADsQBlSsOGwAAABl0RVh0U29mdHdhcmUATWljcm9zb2Z0IE9mZmljZX/tNXEAAAFKSURBVEjH7ZVBSsNAFIZfXNe9oR3v0D56gxKfqMsKdsiqkkWRAUHIouIku5zBVbvzDu0FPIP0ArVXUJxJGaxJY2dCll38DMwkH/O/978E0jSFpgVHaPUhgKd0YrSz5zlDDWyEMFfr11ZsPZhMe/IOb5An105QDdQvqvUbkM/MfpZFLWKwUPBPErLrBDVADJOr0pkMfTy/eI2yrGUNnU4GPQaw2b1hCYr8xalRDwF7UvY2h+xZQ/OadWAJHVoesmcNza0BrABH88ZyagM9lM+9NeUIMwBcDeO4XXwwjqNTQnq2Kc3f7grqqu6vDdhMUhwP2wjs3baBpY3fkJtJ0sKPUEq/MHFeVUlqNSIvE6NFJCP/krG3ogNnoHYiRHLGicac+o/7SlI7NpyY7JMYN/Y91UkIg/C2Kgm1oCLA+/+S4AzUsauyffzx5foB1DDwAWmv0GQAAAAASUVORK5CYII=)
появляется в правой части равенства (4.9) одно и то же число раз, т.е.