Пример. Пусть основания СОК
![](data:image/png;base64,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)
= 3,
![](data:image/png;base64,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)
= 5,
![](data:image/png;base64,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)
= 7,
![](data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAABkAAAAcCAYAAACUJBTQAAAAAXNSR0ICQMB9xQAAAAlwSFlzAAAOxAAADsQBlSsOGwAAABl0RVh0U29mdHdhcmUATWljcm9zb2Z0IE9mZmljZX/tNXEAAAGoSURBVEjH7ZVNTsJQEMcH2KJ7lecZoM+9G9KM4WNnQtt0o0ljCGFBNV0Q0rLrLRCWJF7Aj5OIBxB7BKHOAxpqU6GkujE0mc2knd+8/8z/Ffr9Pvx1wB6yh/xTCD0ZitwyxlmR82NyqSCOzitU7JOq+sDwyTCMw5bMzFVuBlJjJBpJLZdl6ccSwFsBVeeCwSPDZkfk28g6BPC5YtdSQxyNV0UxADZF0ykGebuNJQbgAdfuU0NInltSZM51pxLOBxAmt8xUENc18liAl8U8XDf/DaLwGsH9KHxnSLdZlhhkvGghyzIOZAEH/qrb9lEqyFIqPokW6imlepyEIsYA2biN2yTVM3B1GPaNZV2eSJCZUH4Q5ytVghHXnGoiSLC6Ky8szEfycRr2NA6wlhc+EkNWg50L44Xjp0GLU2iI13gGD4kh4thxW7XJT6IBlcMwESSQimG7kwQgtg1Ru1o0tw0SXIg3Mrsjh3vlZpeT2bfeTbaC58t3IdcgBUpKrx79bn1kE4unAO/hGQR31aag7gfB+9SlmOMs+t2v/jcSzyQlZBC3gft//E7xBV8S5WcBiENNAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC)
= 11, объём диапазона
![](data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAABMAAAAUCAYAAABvVQZ0AAAAAXNSR0ICQMB9xQAAAAlwSFlzAAAOxAAADsQBlSsOGwAAABl0RVh0U29mdHdhcmUATWljcm9zb2Z0IE9mZmljZX/tNXEAAAEySURBVDjLxZRBSsNAGIVf7Lbgupg5RPJfQdoBq7uATcg2SClZ1IoLkUl2uUXVpUfQehGhJ9AjaOv8EwIxVjutYhePwAz/l8x7b4I8z/FXwr/A7oE9AK0f5FjBiiJp9wQe9MC71lLPLfTzrZIDLLzB9YnecqyPmUXUNzCKburrIWGqgUvRHU2sYWpAxwwTMh1/Wldxh4A5XDlLiqJtBdNfcAuIF5kqbyUMNI+V6qyFsW/SxROEfKy/nXU1PPQF8Nrc+xZWDWhfzpspn/q441CEHI6tPBt1xYT9KlMr65AkwX7PdWYmVQqn1tUwR2xUopT/XPdpLUyl0jOeNCqx1Q2oKkFR1v81LDQGf63ExjB1GRz43KEVlbCG8cXlxMrY+aqcXQBBaytYFtPRJsnt7n+2c9gHJc8NrjroR4UAAAAASUVORK5CYII=)
= 1155. Найдём величину числа
= (1,2,0,8).
Расширение системы оснований является одной из основных немодульных операций в СОК. Выполнение этой операции бывает необходимо при выполнении операции деления чисел, при вычислении позиционных характеристик, при обнаружении переполнения при выполнении сложения или умножения чисел.
Задачу расширения системы оснований можно сформулировать следующим образом: найти остаточное представление числа по новому основанию (новым основаниям), если известно представление числа по другим основаниям остатки от деления на другие числа.
Один из путей расширения системы оснований состоит в переводе числа в позиционную систему счисления и вычисления остатка от деления на новый модуль. Этот путь не является рациональным с точки зрения числа операций.
Другой метод расширения системы оснований позволяет определить цифру числа по новому основанию, базируясь на таких позиционных характеристиках числа, как ранг числа, след числа. Пусть вновь задана система оснований
![](data:image/png;base64,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)
с диапазоном
Р, ортогональными базисами
![](data:image/png;base64,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)
, веса которых
![](data:image/png;base64,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)
. По определению,
![](data:image/png;base64,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)
. Пусть в этой системе задано число
![](data:image/png;base64,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)
. Расширим систему оснований, добавляя основание
![](data:image/png;base64,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)
, тогда диапазон системы станет
![](data:image/png;base64,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)
, ортогональные базисы системы
![](data:image/png;base64,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)
, их веса
![](data:image/png;base64,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)
, причём
![](data:image/png;base64,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)
. Задача состоит в определении цифры
![](data:image/png;base64,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)
числа
![](data:image/png;base64,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)
по основанию
![](data:image/png;base64,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)
называют цифру
![](data:image/png;base64,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)
, при которой число
![](data:image/png;base64,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)
находится в интервале
![](data:image/png;base64,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)
, и что число
![](data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAFcAAAAaCAYAAADCDsDeAAAAAXNSR0ICQMB9xQAAAAlwSFlzAAAOxAAADsQBlSsOGwAAABl0RVh0U29mdHdhcmUATWljcm9zb2Z0IE9mZmljZX/tNXEAAAPPSURBVGje7ZnNTttAEMfX4Urba4EsfQXipW+AHCOgt0j5UE5VI2QhH0gqHxByuOXUe08QTi28AaQv0EeA5gGAPAIl3fHGYbNee23HEREN0ggl2Du7v539z8yCTk5O0MJmYwsI/xtc+qNRW5q0oTYv8xuy+WkzgRt38LTm2mYBIzSgLp6on0cwbFqHig2Yaj4XCOWCGyof3zLxIam4ewhd5DKFC04sg3wxbbcwc7ik2g2bw5G1Regz9ww+vt+yjkhawJ1OY7mI0RV9/y+1Ib+pYHQXnwqV40/+6fGf1/LFXqnhvM0M7nGlQJ2Qft11V14KLpsDfjCb7Q343G6aG/T5BwAwjd92jex6cEntjP++StApBTzExkFL/D5HKt0wyUq2aKe0piPUf0m4jlNfhTlg056QCZseVYT0ft1xVlP7rZA9gCuO7br1FQLrzpu9RqezzEe8idG1CD0xXDhyFZLrwhERnUyhZVpSuAcGbnlRK8iS/07YQuMYjcSudGwfriSoWLTLNzXZrm5uX5p51IsLt0QB1gg64/Xr2dbv/GMdF64XKSH+xwBCpCSO7tKxfyFsXotjU33XvflI/jaa64NsU2M5dqgcbK6b3+22/d5bnKBJYe/Qxd6SensnK1kIO54q8HHMB0ghNcWTV9bROSQ5sWJR+VXvqNN4s43xD4gyf3HiBKQOMf4ZFpmp4UbIxXiRKfMBkxs0ZFUBk61Go/SumNd63kkj1dNoOQn6VeosOMXG/ldwNip/Biq4XhTo5W+KujGx5s4K7lgShBKMmX6jGm+k1QNRq+MclXvOmVcHklp7VxEFTflEp9PcKF2Nkoz4J0Utd5nA5eVArANVcL3nUiYWZUKjpU90QksOyC/BVOvKBC7rwj60xGTEIjI4iByO/jttzRl1/MPqWXbKtEGaBFr1ElawBEsGN4bmAlivA5II+KjGVMKFCNum7SE2rJaq/04K1+/GoPTxNRt+7xuY5gVyyy/wucYOv/QZN0aSMiuBXvdk7wcKftZa6v2S46zxFzWQOQ1P9PGA9fHR0ADCOkJ3rD3MronwL064+4QlNmf0yEftc4ILtq38xQ8rs+AZSNqlpaRwWceoBTrGCbjc5UUgS7LFCAkpojQR+++sEtrE5tXJTlRGBw2mEXnDLl7In0BnNfF+/MpArtfB8ef2PjcO3CRte40QdxZ3IZD0oQ6WNRevHi7IHNTmH037c9ZzhLEtyEG4eBWm1fMNVy+fp/1PxFjmIhaf1obsEutMNfZcwvWTIa+HYUfvJQxyUJz5zCXc12ILCAu4C7gLE+wfdIhuvrwjSMkAAAAASUVORK5CYII=)
, то определение цифры по основанию
![](data:image/png;base64,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)
сводится к определению минимального следа числа
А в расширенной системе оснований.
Чтобы получить формулы для цифры
![](data:image/png;base64,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)
запишем выражение для числа
А в основной и расширенной системах:
![](data:image/png;base64,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)
и
![](data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAKwAAAA7CAYAAADmUmEjAAAAAXNSR0ICQMB9xQAAAAlwSFlzAAAOxAAADsQBlSsOGwAAABl0RVh0U29mdHdhcmUATWljcm9zb2Z0IE9mZmljZX/tNXEAAAcwSURBVHja7V3NUhtHEJ7FV/9cY1ujvIK1g4+5Octg7NxUsaTSKbHKpaJ0AFx7cIjEjYrLD5DkYOMTJpUXAHzLJXmBlAM8gA2PEFC2d2Z/tZL2Z/ZHcR++KiTBaLbnm+6ve3oXsrOzQxCIRQEaAYGERSCQsAgEEhaBhEUgkLAIxP+AsE1CrhEBTcL6+WAJFxYJWzkMh93bjJATQug5HwwbwxZ7bBH2krD2Hi4sEraSeNF/oFPK36237rcsor4Wr1f3e7u713FxkbCVw7pBt+jy8j5l7Zfuaz7YwIVFwlYOu7u967ymHRO6cgge1TS7d3SiH3WHw9u4sEjYisoBL/zbGlZ/8paQsYYLi4StHPqcblDed8N/m5HXVtL1r/89BBIWgUDCIhBIWAQStkgcELJEvJOsjMBEDAmbI6BktULJoUbIlUW4sQ+XkFjFhfP31FjfrPpC+DZo6ZurCnOZNofKLuAkaenFg/4LFteI/r+vOmHhmto6eQvXCMfMn/tcZs0h1YBj2WyyCKTllByVQdjZkibYoDMc8AYl5IIQdlr2wUdec4kh8bQ4c0jF/r7Bnha1+7KSdsDpBuuMHpURHaSEgf3tlzKXpGa8b/Z6N4MLpF1U4Vg5j7lE2OMqLN0are1vnFxj1hwSf/l2q2ENzM6K9ARZSDva5Pd4d/RVGYs/6rBHYQ0N87G8xzkh+lnXNO94v1e+d817Lo49COu88b8Phz6asNPWvDkk231m865OyFnRhFXhaUvxVnbLozZm3dGa//11g276iQyvq9K0k+dcZAvoODy+bBU9IzV+DEfts+aQSAq02NKeTRg5cBWqByKUqCOt1wge1FZpGsRF4jDpKaCrzL9wA86beTuAoIYUoXfsXavmSaj85mJ50j2nfzmSsNIRzppDst2xvPobr5HjsggbCiHKSQuLKiSPo6/oJ/Di8JndbGPpKui7jTOW6B6zFsEX/mCOvV7zllEj72Fsvjm6V4amho0Cc3lm0OdFVQNEd5113ZQfhbkjbGslWRGfpSKsaUmB5Tr/eTAafGETNqRBZlQScivsh0nLWsPHWQxq9po3V6BdkbATZ3ePumxNg81pmjeeTPGW88Kf3Ez2dVoLw+qEfCSk/rEosk4Sg34I3KERIVny+25yEa7YgJMQttWu4jQuzd8ZZu/GKqX7YGDHdccpE0E3VdwCf9oOK4+02pjQ1cO0Xh+uUXg9j6yuZ6qzXzod9jSuQYPhL5QN11aOm73erbJO3oQUYaetdWMNmt5hQ1rJ3z9F5COODPJvYIg2wklY9okZuebqObuL33j23PEQUbukLMD8pOc7yWJ0YcxoT9Nm9BWl5EOSDTEt/DkbDLLhJBJGRbRy57TMf+eM/6BC0sXV9e53hzawQLINE8eNfwrUECH8FlzXnGYsoTezaUFXa0YVqb0Tl/Mk3+GGv1CmKxfuOKluVBGtnDkxxl+qkiNemWr2jZ/uQUAMKZmasH4pEJ5gHMLmrWGFt9fOs+ovR2tGGVN+R+xEK+ixJ7NhTyoUv+mdKJLkWuZFASEp5odzx8YqrnnqRPvGl1vR9cN43iFPDWva9WDtVMXdBR1G3kQZE5IwqWun1pzFpgyGQzf8RVRSPAmjXfltGzWO8spKwqTR1vXM2FYhHdwopaAaMT3URuwa6TlKbdAAQ9pCPaHXm+F5NuUhhD6ZuQZrzuEeCntTypsgJ0o0IY/tK5lNJIhR46hEVIktTu6iIoS7h00xSlaJCesZVT9rmuZdvwfw1Q/lCVPxT1gRnt8yZIaKQFRY00Cb2zcwBjPX+sOHP8GduM3BoAafDQz2vSORwgmH81oSPZANe+9DT0GwpFXEE2uElItfvoIQTin9I0tyHbaHSNyb15QR1ldcnsjeIsO7Ig+XPMlKXhGY1102cX0+b+fc3BiWLpLoV47ncPVcQukTHicP24nri5eNgzdmrPOjfTyagbDR9sheQiu9NJUkyaqT+t9pMlzbMyqWMU7GnzXpUzWOCsDG/rbR2IGIAqdgVagGLSRhIcliVpKVZlFFaUofqS6OC63K/sw6rqpxVEQw2ZTjtvwhYdOQVR6ZpqkIwCKI0pT+l2pCqHosUhUeryTtpN/ng+9cr0/pu7Lvflg4wo6dMpBMiJLCzcoVN+vIBT3I2t6oapysNrY3NeUHYCOnQefrOvsVEu+qtW9WlqxeN1HgJsR0UPwITmjCVtHEomqc7AmZlxB5c4L3ypvXwhHWPYFSQtjs9UQEEnZmqAyW2LIBn7eFhEUgkLAIBBIWgYRdFBTRBYVAwioh39gpi+F/lUHCloGkLXjw+xr+GyQkbCmTTNmCZ5+NI2GRsEUjqgVv+sPFPFIjYZGwpSDcgjfzYMHXp4uERcKWgqgWPPSwSNjKItyChx4WCVttOZCiBc/t9rJbE7EWi4QtKuFK2YIXuKeo4PvPEJ+5JEAgkLAIJCwCgYRFIHz4D5ewu1gAHOP+AAAAAElFTkSuQmCC)
,
где
![](data:image/png;base64,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)
и
![](data:image/png;base64,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)
- ранги числа
А в основной и расширенной системах.
Приравнивая правые части этих выражений, определяем
![](data:image/png;base64,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)
:
![](data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAjwAAAA8CAYAAABikGCzAAAAAXNSR0ICQMB9xQAAAAlwSFlzAAAOxAAADsQBlSsOGwAAABl0RVh0U29mdHdhcmUATWljcm9zb2Z0IE9mZmljZX/tNXEAAA8gSURBVHja7Z3PbxvHFcdnHcAXx8kpKGJrBOQSpLeIQyOnNDm49Mp2DfRANCIhFKgBIhAEHiwHe1AcyjcBqe9xc7DlS+T8A0Vt+VagQf6AILDNU3tJrD8hlsq3s0MtV0tyf3JnZr8BPkhESMpo3vz4zps377G7d+8yAAAAAACbQScAAAAAAIIHAAAAAACCByzWYIw5I96gf6M/AAAA1Jl2iv0QHWYQ3zN2ZrAm/sTY8i/u1s6H6BMAAAB1ZTBYf7fB2HOxNhjti9+fgeCxhF6v/dYqZ0+Y6DxAfwAAAACSjmAPGF990u713oLgMRzPFzt8H16dYpGu0PmnAgCbAYwhoDc7W+6HnIkf2p53EYLHUI4Zc9bEmYdifeca+qNAEemtX2gwNmSi+xD9AZsBjCFgiejhq/s9b/c8BI+BbLb4be72b6EvCp4YXXGdMXaMvoXNAMYQsIcNl9/irc3bcYHM6KAMSJdo+41FnEYEE0/WB4N30e/FC0nG+CtcE8JmAGMI2MPubu9NCgG5vLHdgODJAV0v9fvtJd8lysSwbCEC7055dATbg1sbNgMYQ8A+dtbFNSY6exA8OSBXGWPsN4exo7IFD6lUl/PHbn+wgr4vZ+FDXBRsBjCGgH3I5+qNp+uedwGCp4hTQsmCZ3vjcsMPvtrdfRN9XoKYFO6X6FvYDEgox1eQ0HScxC30maO+rx35HpPaijFUL7qCPaT8PBA8Bgge/zqrtbmFRdCORRp9AZtpvqY9GPX161F3H4vuznXK++Vy9tRh7FgmdWOO57UvCsZeMMYPq/Q8m9RWUB1+gHrkWgsdo6ng0cH1qvvCgoXPvL6AzfRFZnEXw/b2xvt+3q9+96rwn3B39nyPMxM/dPvuVc7YIdkObQVaj+e+u8K5+zjs0UPHaCh4PK93/sqy+FaH11m6LyxY+MzrC9hM43VtyT1wm8v36RWTtAU75G53oK6CpO34qzxCNOLlm8GxU3VbgcHrYUwcDzpGQ8Ez6H/0yTnG/3d9MHjP5kUQC595GxZsZid+fMsSe8abzX13fedj+ix4wn3YbDbvq2fcnQZ7xLj7NE8cTODl+20e3N24VXVbgdljWpxjP/Hrg5sQPLoLnrMf/Dz6/b+zeRHEwmfehgWb2YkUnc4h1SOiPg/sdMCYc6RsqbIUV50qw6S2gmr59B32Hwge3QXPXz/489mzv39ZteDJs7BQzqKy69Vkbd8i2maSreICievezrohRad4qda0uBIMunjdTGorgOCB4DFE8GRdWEhQfN7iX8Qlfqq6fYtqmym2onixVc6eyPxS/NXljW2BdtYL5XWbZ4Ox183zzqOt9mNDkVUSPO98unMLggeCp7SFhRI0OvQSp0RRkbV9i2ibSbbadC/dVNdIlLeCYmvKukYypZ11Q3ndwq9Co1eKFABKgeVLbmcnmssmnEIgoLSN0qS2mowtRVYheHKgJshnNMFYY9ju95fKmCw6CJ68C8voJL9VpqjI076y22aarcbjjp5xssaPZQl5U9pZN2QG+cZz1Z/ydQt7Ho7DoirUy4z9wtjyL+E6VIG9XijRKgVseQcKk9pqMrYUWYXgyTMIqD5HNEBTdB7YKHjyLCyLEBV52meb4MlrqwkhUWJ2b1PaCTIIWe4+3ly7tEbroc5Z4k1qa5XYUmQVgscAAsHzouoYnpwTRltRkbdto3+sdIHTiXfa6yqb2lm1/WwbP35W+GZzn4vO1+OvNfUMmNTWKseULUVWEwue4/H95uQd58m95/Q8GyDngi4zRH6f9tShk81sFTzjZFYZr1N0nVd0Z99cdr/R/aSbt5157Zd7bls2fmRclnPA+BX/1Z2M/aiuf21pa9Vj2pYiq/7fEUpeGvtNFNi14bu05LWNs3TloOft+gGE2xuXBWfOKxNOgsYO4AxXWrrZDILHnHlFm2hXiK/ob5Ibp56HmSLaabLg0XH8RK+E/LiYxmePdBxDVbV1ev24YuI/046pee1JU2R18ncdhwLB9QgGn+vhoTo2DeYMlQqmz+hVBBWy3PV651v0yiLIobHIhheR4dVWwaObzZh6+u0vJnq9gMjbtqwbls7zivpjZe3ODZo/tHFecvs3dZsTRbXTVMGj6/ihuKywyFKJKXU8EFfRVhIPV2Q6hcn6cZR7qqCXhmnGVNHtOamNx45pLNK8lDF4o8+WWs+UINdS8Az8ScWG0Qyn/hWL6NyrMpApb4ZXWwWPjjabCO4uIai7yrZl2bDMmlfTg4WrpKh2mih4dB4/IKENZf24l6p+3PIy+6motTHTmCqwPUFqicNWS9xRgly+pGSHIxF0W0vBQydf/4koc46id3fUoU3O/4mrLL0ED2y2eM9iv99eGi0uBzIlQdizGO8tgo3Mth/GDyikfhzZUHT2uoL/Pa8wLWJMF9keNT7Dgkmll6g68Hmq4FEF/OLq14yTEBle2ybZoK2GLIKnLJvp3E+LssEcz+JR0vQEZc+rutpqUfYr3jOF8WPJGEp8u6DsRLXiiggEzjumimzPWNjEeR+lh2dLS8Ej3aKnEw3RCePO2sqNuBNGESSta1SEyk4yaKsii+DJYrMk/a1zPy3KBkW5j7PYKE3NqLraalH2q/pKq+x1GeMm/RhKi0zi5xwnFdVp68SlHVNp2zOrTXHJRE+uuYrTDFnrH04VPLJcAj+MFluT0f+jE0YJrqk0dY0QwxPbJ6lsZmsdKZ03rLQ2Qs0ovexn2vgB+hGtHzcLPwBdtO6k8dhlE9HJ2jOvTXG/q+gg+jz71lTB49enYY3huuddUJ9R9PYVylvA2JF6y65qkGQ4SZz6GRvrGi1S8KS1Gfp78RtWWhuhZpQ+9juOyW2T9LOqxg9srBeqflySqx1//pOASCli077SStqeeW2Kq41Hc0GmTuC/ZokNKlonTBU8wS894q3Pv1CBUII5LykV/Ooq/5q3Nsi1+ga5qsJuqiTF2KhjZihEq9L8L1LwZLEZ+nuxgifrvPL/X6gZVan9/LkSPLdN+1nV4wdFMvVg2pVP7NigDOKc/ztt3EuaMZWmPfPapOLL1Nhk4zxRp19QVqUTZj5Lj14bqeuhk/o2k4FQSYux2SZ42iUvHmmepae1GQRP/g1TMPGvNCIkrY0mBA/q/FRmP1n7a/KaPOlnVY4fFMnUh2j9uGlQILEQ3a9ofc4ieNKN6fntSdImeZ3lTAZLh/JE6aATCq+lNasYmwq+7PXab4/+kEG713s7quxM24DHLyNKvDsvs5YWBI9Bm7Mhta2App4FFMk0AroG+svKyl16Vk6xKuFSCLq2KbjOOki6D1alEwoXPNOKsYUyOir19zpOBZq2AcsI99OvJgrd6DLW0oLgsQdTalsBPbG1SKZtBDEyW+NyIaG4LJ3bJA/+zjDp1VhVOiFRLa2kJC3GZtOV1iKymmappQXBY9eJz4TaVkBPbC2SaaPYIU+HKpHi243zx9EXeTq1ScXf+K+mWGMYJDt0dNUJhXp4khZjm/aH6FxzaZZiLPspaFmCx8T+rhum1LYC+mJSQc86H2r81AKBJ5/WZrrS+eOy+LbteRereHGXpE0TcWMB87w8VeqEQgVP0mJs06qv6lxzaZbgKSMB4yIEj4n9XTdMqW0F9MWkgp51tpGc3zKAeFJIVDPny2pTlTqh8BieOjHNIKYIHgAAAKAuQPDcjU/dH/rMUd/XTpjeH4Inrw2OQ7kZkC8ENgMYPwBA8BRC4FJ7TfVEKIKbMpe6nD2l6FCxNqAcAY7ntS8GuQMOFx1EVgfBc2IDmbCN7o4D9+lrttR61vN2z2PCwmYA4weAPIKHXx/crLXg8UWFn/xIDNvbG++vcr7v9rtXZTn7zp7MICl+6Pbdq5RJctHPBAf9jz45d/aDn22/0pI24IetlrijIvhDVXZvY8LCZgDjBwAInvynjT2qU+Q2l+9TMNY4TbbbHag4nWByvlq4h6f/0R/OMf7f64PBe1bboMEe+Zk6T2eJHaIoImwGMH4AyArF3Ipz7Cd+Y/C3WguecQG1ZnPfXd/5mD4L8uscNpvN+yoa3Z+c3H266ORvfjKmZfEPm/NmjBe5SP+GTntbmLSwGcD4ASDreIvm+6llR6gCaqp8/ThN9ujkoZ7KqRISRWcnlZWV5wfodQS/d3lju2G7DU4VzPS9as5R+POkfQb0sFncowAA0sx5AHILHlmx4HFYXNeyI6Q3R7xUyi+uPlYZ11nHKoFSgoyRfcpdYPGJJ2oDYtfrnW8tsWdKiKbtM1C9zbzR16tBqnhnNH9Gol2g70CaOQ9AIYKH9vDINWntOkFdZ80TN+PrLM/L9HIg7mRLCZichFWLfXUqOvfqYgMSNhvyWvHXcIKrNH0GqrfZpnvppvrvrmAPKU4OGxlIM+cBKIK4JMG164Q4t2o0VkfdNS+5nZ1oosFwbp6TPBKT1y1F1AQZx/F43gU7bUB39p9/oa4+5MIXn80T9b/Ms9lYtLPGj6jhBNKOnyTrLADTmFavq3YdIdNny9TZStw0GHseTnN9klJ7cjIGQuiF8gZJz9Bp70NRRdCCay3rnmpK17ZzNFFCIVQZF4LHfJuNBU+ohg7A+EkyfpKuswBMXXtirrNqKXgKOalw9/Hm2qU1eloZLoymgjWp4NpI8Azavd7b0ZNJms1bTnzxpO0NLtrSf+MA8RRPUCF4zLOZWnRQvwlkGT+z1ln0KZg53vw4Qr4f5zlEB2U4qdBzdi46X4+/dvu3/CuoIFgz4HXcSSbt5k0eqTNibc+W1y7S1egM07zIgOAxz2b0M81l9xtsUCDjnI9dZ9GfYBa0T8qxEn/QQielPqk4B0rATLsnLOpKS0Ep2VXJC5MHInm7/BdXrDFs9/tLSf8eCB6zbEbBqF0hvqJ5IX/HsRViHSxm/CRdZwGIjjcqV8L56nfTDlroqBRE3ar+PWHjs0fRBX2a4GHqibX/M8kD8Oj3rXL+HT3xNVX0nMRFndzhJznxZe0zUI3N6FqX7LWyducGbXa0AF1y+zfRnxg/Sed80nUWgIjY8UtCzRLG6KwU0PVS2FUWFMP7Leo+808okddd/gKwLq6NJ38otXpS0UNXZoGnpzYJ3fL0GVg8ak6cMP0VFwB51lkAiHZwsJrl2YHgMXpDwSYCAACg3qhX1vNejELwAAAAAKA2oBMAAAAAAMEDAAAAAGA6/weW/Xmdy5lCzwAAAABJRU5ErkJggg==)
, или обозначая через
![](data:image/png;base64,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)
целое число
![](data:image/png;base64,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)
, а через
![](data:image/png;base64,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)
величину
![](data:image/png;base64,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)
, получаем
![](data:image/png;base64,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)
. Наконец, представляя
![](data:image/png;base64,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)
в виде
![](data:image/png;base64,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)
, где
k, q – целые неотрицательные числа и
![](data:image/png;base64,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)
, получаем
![](data:image/png;base64,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)
, или
![](data:image/png;base64,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)
. (4.1´)
Формула (4.1´) и есть формула расширения диапазона чисел.
Для практической реализации этой формулы поступают следующим образом:
1. Вычисляют параметры основной и расширенной систем (ортогональные базисы, их веса, минимальные псевдоортогональные числа с их рангами и кратности).
2. Конструируют число
![](data:image/png;base64,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)
из минимальных псевдоортогональных чисел
![](data:image/png;base64,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)
,
![](data:image/png;base64,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)
, с рангами
![](data:image/png;base64,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)
, которые однозначно определяются выбранной системой оснований
![](data:image/png;base64,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)
. В результате, получают число
![](data:image/png;base64,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)
, где
![](data:image/png;base64,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)
- след числа, а его ранг находят по теореме о ранге суммы:
![](data:image/png;base64,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)
, (4.2´)
где
![](data:image/png;base64,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)
- число переходов по основанию
![](data:image/png;base64,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)
3. Расширяют число
![](data:image/png;base64,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)
по формуле расширения (4.1´). Пользуясь величиной ранга
![](data:image/png;base64,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)
, вычисленной по формуле (4.2´), получают число
![](data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAO4AAAAdCAYAAACt6FCVAAAAAXNSR0ICQMB9xQAAAAlwSFlzAAAOxAAADsQBlSsOGwAAABl0RVh0U29mdHdhcmUATWljcm9zb2Z0IE9mZmljZX/tNXEAAAcjSURBVHja7VzNUhtHEB7B1djX2GiUV7B24A3IsvjvpsSSSicHlUtF7QFw7YHgFTcqqdyd5GDDJZi8AeBbDq68QYx5AAOPAFa2Z3ak0Wr2T9pZ/WRc1Qetyprpmf6mv/6mF7S3t4e0adM2XTYbTqDjOb2Z2mbJjhGam1ngev8KjlNZXCpZb5r7+3f0hmubBdvfb96xSktvKo6zCDE+U8AFh9wqeYoQOW+47n294dpmyVy3cZ8g/HGltWPIwJt5evcGmQ87JbK0ndYKwXjtSGdabeOmtKpiHjLvGsZHHnhJJsDteJMMThQ+1wx0iBC+tmy3rJRKOM2F1WLhjDTaj3XwzJ4hFl/zPavM977rFCZpnqpjvt0gjwvF1bOms78wEnBhsi2TrAcn6tpWGSN07VHXz6qp64aJt1HROtPZdvYMksJutfzMi7Nbz26YkXOo92y7UiSk7k4Mnc0h5mm9W0Rn2NzYHgm4bFHJRXCizInCNbbsTZWL5TiNBx7pv0Ck/k4H+uxlWnooI3xpbbUfdrPOlvXQA8glpFsvgLcmC7jqY75O0DuEjIuG4zwYCriuU1mkoJEAt10nT/LItkyQQh1Sbz/RwT5jgoyfwWR76393NUnlUV4xz8bxYr7qPk0NXDgNq2TuwCs+vspoqndSbqk+ecBqBB0kqSkG6yRWk/eeZ3v3m/d4+deZ6v3hwAVaGNRQgDKulsjvqkGSxu+8Yr5LyUntIDVwaaZbWvsL+LYMuLZlVVQvKuf7ccAFpc+vk/waCV9yZW6ntWIAvfEW4W1W88p7PNU2Ln/YFQj6DPsL44ngpXtPrJ9U6hpp/c4j5oV1uRBxl7CupE0Ov9lt+xsKnCHry87gaRZhg+ph1wEJVe/OtVm5C4qzeL/LlDnPacdZeE5VwOzoTd7jqbZx+9Oy8CYTpjh481GRJ3kfZXEfn+Wc5gLcJYFYwH9gWIHA35SbJIat1mZa4MJczSL6EGzK4DSrXifr3tnxVfbbQzGAnMdTbZPiDwDGV5U72Hz5SnWZMen72Iv7HtNMpPKxxUPztOmB1SBjUfYE+V0KXKZIFjoyAaNG8K8Yo38RXjvJim7lPZ5qmyR/RCUZGc8PVTb1TPo+pgYu4/V08XgmvB2nohuVcbvXRBI6I1yUX4nXDCNRq5zHU04Vx+yPDJgieEVFdZb8zhy4IkXuLiSXpYcErsoal18TyepvxhTkggqbU3oqNux4QotcLq2hqv3JKjBN0/5emnn9mBMV1bQHwKT6nTT2Ete4rDvq2+0gdQD5e5T2rlFr3ChVmV1SDx4qIDr49csA2GHhXpr4VdKgGHU8hx6G6AT8K3inuKwHdVw2jD9ZGTA7Ym6sR5ZHCQRRWqsSczcNpR2X32liL5GqjHjLmeSU8btalPcixy/04Bz4oQJvU4jZjamB/XfPvNcaDpIC0P+Qxetlx8HsP8x4G9byC85gqB8hbZuycXtsJf2zKD9G8SfNvsWs5TYqmh8qzeZdaSwmEIa6XVcSgGe9j1mUAXGxF3d4DTjIFsq4gN5QMRiazco9dgJxmX48DQVUovcWNFjz+M9vfSFjHubL5H10U3r06GcDGacV2y7Cd7ZJfuQAohsnWbxedqdtdtsh80g9Xv9mGP8ET/OwcVmA9bf8JXkW50cW/lQE6i9rVIibQ43MHYg9ybyU8KnqFcKrscIQUF6M8d9B4VTlPsb5zccPYwFhsScvF/rFs74BVn0ax8z4xINKSnHH1FBANwKjU2TUDmOpuLDhNYLeymh42OIBPTEQ+sRorfz+bpjx+oAreS0xbFw+lvhbSZ4l8WMUf3wad04FHI8F+TVjXyaJmgP9/6T6motRJYS+xJVMMoGJkPpr2skUAK6qfUzid1bAZUy3f+4Tr3aGBVgh0HQ9wlVA5OLBSVonxM26zqEZIiIosx5XlR+8RsXYer9RXa7Cgc4+Dx5KKuYAbPCHcnkPsiLUjGHCqYqxo/zm9JwyVWK6XhlwT9YyGQdcx3+FNRgrUwlc9oIxOsniiiBq8WDxga4tW/aLLOcPGSLqz+1kPa4qP8SMgJeWjjCp/dL9HOjhVTEHv67d4hmRllAS4KryP8zvQfYqvKIoZPMkwKWZXHKHPJXA5bQKI/JRrMWzBG538RPUV2kzhHfyv4aTn9VF/YJJ1uOq8qO/hvRqQv/32b2ocTrQgZTxHGDtIMNxMLISCr8Pipaq/E/i96hUGZTt4JXs1AO3C16PmgTVyDSbTyV5KkyoF9vg5IfxytXdZ1x8UZUF87IgLaYZgq6nuh7jDgMt8WjqMYyLfPH0uxL5I+oPrI3D7zDgxsUexArcPIS9xjjVwO2B1/pzmNPU74nNTWwThQ5mpS/T0lkVpTeI9Rf3UWVfb09MYgJqv6iVz5om9Tvsraao2OMsIerd46kHrjZt/0fTi6BNmwauNm3aNHC1adMmtf8Aawypely7+HsAAAAASUVORK5CYII=)
, которое отличается от искомого числа
А цифрами по двум последним основаниям.
4. Если
![](data:image/png;base64,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)
, то
![](data:image/png;base64,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)
, т. е.
![](data:image/png;base64,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)
- искомое расширение числа
А.
5. Если
![](data:image/png;base64,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)
, то прибавляют к числу
![](data:image/png;base64,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)
такое из минимальных псевдоортогональных чисел
![](data:image/png;base64,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)
кратности
![](data:image/png;base64,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)
, где
![](data:image/png;base64,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)
, которое превратит цифру по основанию
![](data:image/png;base64,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)
в
![](data:image/png;base64,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)
. В результате, получают число
![](data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAVEAAAAiCAYAAADmt+qZAAAAAXNSR0ICQMB9xQAAAAlwSFlzAAAOxAAADsQBlSsOGwAAABl0RVh0U29mdHdhcmUATWljcm9zb2Z0IE9mZmljZX/tNXEAAAmLSURBVHja7V3LctNIFG0lWxi2PNKeXyBq5w8oR+G1cw2OKysGF5VKuWaSUF7wsNmlmGEPbCBsBpj9VA2BPckXzMDkAyB8AiGj262WW7Ikt2ypJduXqlNF/FDrtrpP33vu7TZ5+PAhQSAmAZ1O/UK14jxp7eycwv5AmES3u3aOEfZ3vdO5EH4POwgxEdjptE4vV9iztW73HPYHogj0tpyLlC6/bnU6p5FEEROHjRrdpk57E/sCUSSajLxgje613EnU/Tcn///G/b/797wHK/i5N3P4YBDDw/i18zahB067u4j9MbtI4hJjYX3bWaTEPljrdM7nRqKgW4F2AGFXxw3BVih56xr8zSL06NL6XaZqDNWK87Teav2AAwSROHAb7BpZcN6hFjrLC2k8l5jEzk7rlLNA3qneaLaDnRMo3Xe2ehd5COYs3ZT/Bzc4PBG4xkDYfr3TvYADZcCbn88Ck94P3qB9T1jzBY6L2cUwLjEd0rvtv5ftZznprVU2t8vWelcS3eBQYqC3xq7MsdXdotzzMUKKXO8XVtwsMPFeKB835CutbWwhmSCSuMQYodfoFiH0q5SXRrrIiUsgYRK5u37JptR5Hbc6cMPpyqvw+9zToPR12fSuKBv5QmGTl2oHGiDreV3tuB7wQqdDb+ahPCEnrNm7igSCSOISU+g12VU+Jr2QfiSPc73GboVJhLNzQsgFk4E665tx7nGZJkmcjdIrIoT9l+cqCAvLstB/juFh6YQuIKXYhBy6t37CvVC6/HYaNMRVRnZNLFqIyVpY47jEZHRE3Ah6JBK931i87pLIYZhEgETjQi7IriYVSSd9twjE2Sg6z/pqqtRGIe3DJNIG0r/BPWRwoPMleJOQIv4w+xGzg2FcYmRe8sJ712HxnJt0X/a9nVgS3Y4Ki5uMPYDPEx4in1gRJLpdFhJNslG48fokdRJjb9pQNskTgz71PvcdPjtNtZT+YEUSRWhySalJFG66weZ2LZisEeFl26Gb0r2VAF3vdo3eWWzcvw463d31S2zJad+MCtnKEM4Ps5EvFClIalwPe5XRx5UK+SeJRIUWXf3LpuTA/dzRNIW9OiQqJlOgIsEKvp6tNmy6PRNjvih70rStyyVFjMt0XlF15U8eXkUQTNSWKJccnwezxZXPskyh7563Ti9DYin0elFaS5KNbcepp/GIxiFRCFtYZflZ06EP4hIrsBXSqVSfNtvOZR72U2dvmmopfTkjRhOGiSWkFzm+6BdZP8gXF2KBbvU8q/sx3V7eKNKetG3rcIl5mUk4N5oTmh/88LTda5/lX45JIIGhkLHSLf/xQ1GNB3UyuGolIL2br2tjGoxDokI8b2/KTGBYKoG+g+tDSRnIIWUL5bN4Xkkk2mnVf1hesEAv/SQXNiiXs+Cz7kIuNOLs9GHT7eWuLRZoT5n7UozbZO87NYnu8J0C9BWwvnRj44hBvE8/uCuKrXPD4JJTwj7odNY6yAWatZFpM3dpbDRFohDKwwOSJBqWSmSGUnmgpQrls3hecSQKz6sGBfjKJJSDGw4paTbZLXcufM8qg2u6vdw9qQLtKXNfAoGCZBCea2ORqOftbNPa7TtShxhW+AwN1CrVJ8OIUR4tVfTKPYqNup4XPBB53SjtJ7EPWe0+EEe4nEL1muF9sa+cHE5bKJ9EosLztk6iNnbA4kMp+ZfQlcxKvEy3lzeKtKcMfRk3/2Dht6CsMEsSFdoE+aJ4DcfTVviclY1Rnhd/IMQ6Dr8et6tLvScpmoczgarX7Ou4U5aVDy60wcSSv2hEhHvKZoijrPQy0+3lHsYXaE/ebSubTay4xJjqoMRFj8NIVDuxFJ6sXLeQlfoFkGgemmjeNo4azrdr7GcZmgdqJTud81IH9VdvOfA0Q/lgRrQ+X+bnFVUn6pd9RWjWIoqIToboaF2RE2bE9gBlOHUoS3vK3LZHbJ/kXPDaGvAqjZGo2LHz43bYYwrvGZ00jc20jaOQaPgh94nEPvxpvXaVsubvAyu7ZigPNntyxRfhKduH6pFeZXteUSTKD3+IWOQgWeFpbQPlULpaVxRGaU88m3KcOpSVPZPQttx6vtFYagAZi7/F9lC5oLVa9TPu/OrWW60zUZ5qKhKNqxOFicZLDyJWBKFnTP4WPFM2jkKinOTY6uOowRcW4/1QXrMN8XlxDUlQZZcBhO395yEXOTV5CRPE27EVqO+V5x8M07r6HmPkRpDU7fHvaZw6FNVu34NP/1qSHePao4s8+jKN3kqr1Vfu/PnN/9sd38o2alWy+xa1PVqLRP08hfCoBzpA1G7Zh+pviYBBnMH5asE7gU3qARcmbUxDonBfsn2RjOqH2t7g87Ui9bOCRP3klZW0cMhNDfBZ9dzXLLSmvMBLXxTvxfv7mNg3XkrPQpTLkG+Vy5cf2cTeq7fbC/Ael0XksYwxk6Pv7Q6WkY3T3uCkC546FNeueNbBhVHntWF2ZGHPsHFgoi+TIjgHruWRoojS7L3w+M4inA9LfoGLB9na/ihvIDI0m6Ci4qJshGvqlmoMFhP37w0Gn7xOxKqqVXwsEmj2QfNXZ6VCyGcLxH2NUF5Xa8pNw+uXnG3HSgWKN6H2o9r3cZMDrm8T8lGE3dG1iaO0N0CioVOH4tqVbanX0nlNx45x7NEZByb6MjmU7/cxvz9O1kGPOIlEiZR9+PfinQQvWj0a6yg8xOSBP3hF0I876yCt1mRi4XMo2RuXtId5GETsy+7moQcmnTqUdbt52qE7DvK8B12HRRJyuN/5eGLOvaixC86KjgPFTxZT8hBIMDMA/ycNlCRamFRH0ZpM3T8f3GOeZJ5EoiCP5LUXO+nUoazbzdMO3XGQ9z2UcS4hycwAZCgvPQP+88ML1rth9apptKb8Q3q6r7sTLg2J+vJIDuevJp06lHW7edqhOw7yvofyzCW2r9qNJDMrobwbfsiyDo9QnqvhFxFZVaseyqzqak0mvNFRf0ZGV+vKEmU6dSi7UL74cVCCubQVlgiQZGYllHece5BQitKJRPaY7dfv1m1IHqhZYF2tyYQdK5T+MYo3qqt1ZYkynTqUBcoyDoqEt916QJpBopmJUD4YfgyQTLt9tlar/eJUq48a3cYiY81uGW2RP7OtHreIQJghUHHsZNQ8wg6agVB+WBII9C3Y/goaqTyCr6z2wLm1S87GVCYtECWeR8rmCSTRGYI8mnBYGKkS56pt99RNCAgEIhnYCQjS8DLIfrH0FGdXEQgkUQQCgUASRSAQCCRRBAKBmHn8D66FqfQp0auTAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC)
.
6. Если кратность
![](data:image/png;base64,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)
, то число
![](data:image/png;base64,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)
является искомым расширением числа
А, так как к числу
![](data:image/png;base64,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)
, не превышающему
![](data:image/png;base64,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)
прибавили число
![](data:image/png;base64,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)
, не превышающее
![](data:image/png;base64,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)
, т. е.
![](data:image/png;base64,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)
не превышает
Р, т. е. величины 1-го интервала.
7. Если
![](data:image/png;base64,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)
, то число
![](data:image/png;base64,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)
может располагаться либо в последних
![](data:image/png;base64,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)
частях 1-го интервала [0;
P), либо в младших
![](data:image/png;base64,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)
частях второго интервала [
P; 2
P), а тогда искомым является число
![](data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAWkAAAAfCAYAAAAldzwmAAAAAXNSR0ICQMB9xQAAAAlwSFlzAAAOxAAADsQBlSsOGwAAABl0RVh0U29mdHdhcmUATWljcm9zb2Z0IE9mZmljZX/tNXEAAAbBSURBVHja7V09ktQ6EPYBOMCjCpO9AzDed4XBVO0BYKc2eltE1CTE1OxmG8AFyDZ7BJwATsANCLgBd+CNZ1a2JHe3WrYkW3YHX7A7HktqtT71nzTF3d1dsUYcDtdPq+cvP7+9v3+yVhkIBIL58NGm2Hy7Phye2p+tUiD392+fvHxefYYEIhAIBJMQ9b5+UZb1F9twXKUw3m3L9+X23XtRDIFAMCdcVcVDtbu9XDVJn92K8ke9P7wQpRAIBLOzpovND93Lj0CAZlylsVqLovhTFOXvhhinjgXf7qrL4ln9XWLRAhtNGKx+VnzX9VXkIphCB3VrOqqF2uwK1XZ/05J1dfWA7RZJF+FjPwQCHfttdaP0t3E7ZTMXTAFb94K+2I6l2BasHgc+WbSJyfK8ORS/JR4tGOJ2CgQpcI4+dJ5cOIUGspKGBVvv/u39ryy/pHQpTxvD0ZWlNhNBvoodcvN16XTusvJZA3NKtCtDKzdv2EfmNk+NdgvtUMYdEAapiuJX06g90S7rO4obIbHGRSFWCMv2/LJ2na2118rMEc6ZW3iwy28dkRlJc2UObUQDrdHql50cdCn0WcD+3wsuJKsPgvxJKLQOLeGgk7LGFCAZnQicILsYsl2rJc2VuWHYPhK6v/KerGJ/ssUqP1IpAdZ3Qd5ue4zk3q6qDkvREUXW0DpThgv0WSzZBlvHmZI0JfMgJK1cJ3vyqHCHoSzWMynDHULSy4Kaz9D6o8cO9eqkJZI05hnHkq2QNC5ziqv8XnxRf4XiKliShYohpU4ctm4SYR2YLmIXu47lYqVuL62LHXc8UPhsbJ9aIwR4fqkkDVU8UbJVa7ohcD3fpD/PiR33ZI08Z9auH7HZfPMhaWP+H9f+1LFtV5VZN+az/nnF6Pa3+7+wRIKvVZy6BI8iaSherR96OStUOAs8dXupXLjk8iM23KXJOBZJ27LEZGuTZbXdflAlivraqi+Kr6otndApS7gjUtiiV88affDgDvWest4d9FAD1L+k6wXRX2+S1i3edrDAhPsct/atQTV2PgdcFgOufKaCtJcwXVc31HtDEFrM9qYg6Njjcbm8c5cxJzyYiqQ7q/YsK5dsW0LV1pFOngYhAxYjtjm2a7zn2VjEPcAr6zYB0zOa0mOljARvktaTexwz3XW7HHUl3xSWNLWbXlXlp7IsfoZMoKRuLwnhJB6Pa3HNWcYQGc2DpB+vbXDIFjtrQBFqyx/EBmDHYbFnh8SkMX2Y8nAbVQ7sRdLthFnWao6HQaDEoSuZGLquOnV7U8g0xXgoIpmDjJtFtq22H7BNgGtJh/AgZ0XSxLttYsL67UvSVGhhysNtlB6yE4dQYi/nE3tojBKxamK4QqnbS2WlpR4P9e6YfeoWj0kkUFI8BEkvzZKm5sbuRyiSVn2w+zv1uYkgJA0dY7TPlCd3EUdYFNCkqAyz7wQOXWRD2pvzzWxD5RfMgkcS2DH7pCqZ9rt/XjftQ5VNeZK0X0x6lCVN6vn5M4zQfUkaq1SJZXBy55aKSbPqpLHKi6lIOtbuhY0HqwcfG1Mc0t6cb2YbMp6gXhE6P/H6dMrRXFz8V1ZXn9q/jyTUKxXTMeBcQSqS5lZ3hCBpfR4wC7kXv7aTfR4kjR1rj1VrzeUGl4ydx8KxQms7ZpQjSdsKZu/W+kIrX736qCc4dbLEFpnxfWBRDG3PnLx+VQzWrlIa3/+5xhFqPO7QFN4+Rsax+gQtLiwJPkdL2nW3Tl8f4HWOkT63EkOvrdaJHjJAoNI806umuQgi4xBhOGp+OXNLVclBPIW41ZRg8rzghFZI2OrRC+573yGTVv2azzHt2a62rRyuQwW+JM0Zx9DxcOK6nPYpRR8jY06oQ70L8zjnQNJY0t8eM3Xi0H4Wkuv+8Obvbq66wgJqDiCvw0VY7XPHjVYPBbA2KEbhAzffEIKkXScOo1xVmgtC3erFmYgY9z9wbmYL3W6McXDiupz2U98vYd81g7nu1CI2iGNiQyfHuzu8w5seY+Dq5RiS5tzdEe3S/6xCHgHiktRExLjzgXMzW+h2Y91dgcV1h7TPuVVMQOgxsRZylq0rpOCrl9ycg4sbXDKP+vNZOU3e2B+idcakE9/MFrrdmOPgxHV92o/Z1yWDY2XmLFvfIgduvmGMJc2RefQfos3Kmh5hIaRM/Kj2lnIzGzeuGyMUJIDDNkuSLRSL5/TdRy+HkDRX5tBzq1TSMTfwpY4pLu1mNm5cVyCYq15iJD2WG7CQ5monZQm/viEQCJZjOGL3Hq1aMEu41F0gEOQPqmZfBCQQCAQzhghBIBAIZoz/AUa2RFf0UceJAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC)
.