Доказательство. Пусть
![](data:image/png;base64,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)
. Так как в разрешимой группе все
![](data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAA0AAAARCAYAAAAG/yacAAAAAXNSR0ICQMB9xQAAAAlwSFlzAAAOxAAADsQBlSsOGwAAABl0RVh0U29mdHdhcmUATWljcm9zb2Z0IE9mZmljZX/tNXEAAABUSURBVDjLY2hsbGQgFSMYDAyM+DBWTVHGDAuBkv+B+B82bBzd4INdk4zHnrSODh6inTdUNJWX8+ILOaJDDznkhn3oRRszLGCQ9dhNkiayUjnNNQEAprAs+UbCJXgAAAAASUVORK5CYII=)
-проекторы и все
![](data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAA0AAAARCAYAAAAG/yacAAAAAXNSR0ICQMB9xQAAAAlwSFlzAAAOxAAADsQBlSsOGwAAABl0RVh0U29mdHdhcmUATWljcm9zb2Z0IE9mZmljZX/tNXEAAABUSURBVDjLY2hsbGQgFSMYDAyM+DBWTVHGDAuBkv+B+B82bBzd4INdk4zHnrSODh6inTdUNJWX8+ILOaJDDznkhn3oRRszLGCQ9dhNkiayUjnNNQEAprAs+UbCJXgAAAAASUVORK5CYII=)
-инъекторы сопряжены между собой, то
![](data:image/png;base64,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)
.
Пусть
![](data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAEUAAAAVCAYAAAAQAyPeAAAAAXNSR0ICQMB9xQAAAAlwSFlzAAAOxAAADsQBlSsOGwAAABl0RVh0U29mdHdhcmUATWljcm9zb2Z0IE9mZmljZX/tNXEAAAJsSURBVFjD7Vi9btswEL7uyQM4CP0EWaLr3CkQODhrgcTwVngIAi8ZNASB4s1AXyIZM/QFYgOd7SdoAecJmmdoKoo/pk5HS6rlwYAMHAzQJO/43fcdj4bpdAqdFa0DoQko2eeTtTrjrQTj7c1ZaE3dvfzxxqDcxuIuW/g3sw/1LeLbO288HwMh5+PZ7KgtQKjPkp3KBfWXJKMTBHwdpWmPAnKN8FxYj9fPSTI+lojfzwB/jpLkpDFTHoc4UAHi8HFgHd3fXEQCcEmDaMu0T/EuJ+k5BcwmpjgX1zSW9AovuaSZ8+QJTifyvA/9Xxc391EjUPLMmew45FtmxzafFACbHMuQCKJ5AJAPfy7d3/6mgBEQrTjGsMHNZuMjeQoLhaqmKKxDjprUhCotK+B9Rkzi+CvHSjpvc0h4Bxw+hfafxPjNZ2GehExWtUDRDsTvOMYHjqIhGyI8sfXA6ToccJqOehGIlaK0k6qQL5Q1dh6VmK4h+MbVl1BiHFvomm31ROk7pLv91BNSZJksmlpSOLxlNpVePi5gXizgmyQrgDMVvFEVBGkMn+UPvWEWwJZK3ZZ8cp8eCFxx3dxSRVDs4TgQfcBLkjPr6DhLY4ueQ1plIEmO9yUfLmPplfxCJfK/oHBrGoFC6WkWrusC0+ZVHJ5bPqBOSFnuTloMYLXkkzc3ZgOf6ro/ySr7HoBx1z3xWVWQKYAueUbuVq42du72rCy0trlxZnqS0rjX4e5q5hr9Q33WkWkoBlbCgX31lVyW9EE+2DQrxHKXmzHUAB70K7mqVa8CZFtDetBPfM2Y8oNw1zXd/ycdKB0oHSht2j8FSud/fWFs1QAAAABJRU5ErkJggg==)
--- подгруппа Фиттинга. Так как
![](data:image/png;base64,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)
---
![](data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAA0AAAARCAYAAAAG/yacAAAAAXNSR0ICQMB9xQAAAAlwSFlzAAAOxAAADsQBlSsOGwAAABl0RVh0U29mdHdhcmUATWljcm9zb2Z0IE9mZmljZX/tNXEAAABUSURBVDjLY2hsbGQgFSMYDAyM+DBWTVHGDAuBkv+B+B82bBzd4INdk4zHnrSODh6inTdUNJWX8+ILOaJDDznkhn3oRRszLGCQ9dhNkiayUjnNNQEAprAs+UbCJXgAAAAASUVORK5CYII=)
-инъектор в
![](data:image/png;base64,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)
, то по лемме подгруппа
![](data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAADEAAAARCAYAAAB0MEQqAAAAAXNSR0ICQMB9xQAAAAlwSFlzAAAOxAAADsQBlSsOGwAAABl0RVh0U29mdHdhcmUATWljcm9zb2Z0IE9mZmljZX/tNXEAAAGrSURBVEjH7VbNbcIwFH69wwAgzA7wOgIKOdABSpQrB4S4UMkHhAy3zMAJBugEsEBHqJRswAy0sZOg19R2nJZWoirSE9KX+Of78Yths9nArdfNE7CSSH93RbngV9kMmZvOb8KtJGYeW6Qvn9N6k//Mmy0IrjBg/mESRY1rkggQdrp1TXilE+sAR3IQButRocZyOugzwJdQiNZPRSMTip38uei54FYSalDHP0q1JYExwr6O+lURMJVaB8d7V9xIIoomDb8DR2kb52EbAeLCEZfN5y6eacnxVWSECFvpWkl5LRNuJSHmfo8Be/U8XAFgXCc+OseUKAwOJiU/RhiTkPM2dVE84oPCDfuwngeZwcF02a+T5/Khq/NcCVBy8HKgLQKYJ7v3n5V6uTJVBJTl3eHWdmakI8MubnWK0gjXiZKWBB10iYE84Jw3q6JgU5m6odtQEeFy98lSoe9KRhKXXOZq5aTiKiKmzbmSpd3QBTeS4HzSlJbK/NFOkn0f4GQj8h0SeQdMUvyJrktxp2vHp7aYdxhduzQp+RUS5HaQFQY7HW6L6t++AP6T+OV6B+W4jBJ2U339AAAAAElFTkSuQmCC)
является
![](data:image/png;base64,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)
-холловской подгруппой в
![](data:image/png;base64,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)
.
Так как
![](data:image/png;base64,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)
нильпотентна и
![](data:image/png;base64,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)
является
![](data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAA0AAAARCAYAAAAG/yacAAAAAXNSR0ICQMB9xQAAAAlwSFlzAAAOxAAADsQBlSsOGwAAABl0RVh0U29mdHdhcmUATWljcm9zb2Z0IE9mZmljZX/tNXEAAABUSURBVDjLY2hsbGQgFSMYDAyM+DBWTVHGDAuBkv+B+B82bBzd4INdk4zHnrSODh6inTdUNJWX8+ILOaJDDznkhn3oRRszLGCQ9dhNkiayUjnNNQEAprAs+UbCJXgAAAAASUVORK5CYII=)
-проектором в
![](data:image/png;base64,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)
, то
![](data:image/png;base64,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)
будет
![](data:image/png;base64,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)
-холловской подгруппой в
![](data:image/png;base64,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)
по лемме . Поскольку
![](data:image/png;base64,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)
, то
![](data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAABMAAAARCAYAAAA/mJfHAAAAAXNSR0ICQMB9xQAAAAlwSFlzAAAOxAAADsQBlSsOGwAAABl0RVh0U29mdHdhcmUATWljcm9zb2Z0IE9mZmljZX/tNXEAAADbSURBVDjLzZNBCoMwEEWney+gmEPI3EGysAeoIVtX4qIKWUZ3OYbew4t04Q16htqoGwkxTaEtDQyBR3jwZybQdR18quDrMn1OZrm4U8YQev3woWtebkKrq4u/jFmmpAYgd1rJxIc7ZTnCAJgPvvxQJiUPEWBC1mY+3ClrGWYAOHEhon2z5QXPK5cy9JatUbZGmzUfRbTKlCoCGsNI0rJ+J6JVJiuaECA3c1pbdPsUD2V69A3EdCyUCny4VbY0WAgeLVF0xGa/9TbulG3LuGs2st7Gza3/7Uf/C9kTlXm3FqepImkAAAAASUVORK5CYII=)
-
![](data:image/png;base64,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)
-подгруппа. Кроме того,
![](data:image/png;base64,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)
и
![](data:image/png;base64,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)
есть
![](data:image/png;base64,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)
-число. Значит,
![](data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAABMAAAARCAYAAAA/mJfHAAAAAXNSR0ICQMB9xQAAAAlwSFlzAAAOxAAADsQBlSsOGwAAABl0RVh0U29mdHdhcmUATWljcm9zb2Z0IE9mZmljZX/tNXEAAADcSURBVDjLzZNBCoMwEEWney+gmEPI3EGysAeowa0ryUKFLKO7HEPv4UW68AY9Q23UjZWYptCWBobAIzz4MxNo2xY+VfB1mT6nfdm4VcYQOv3wrmuab0J5aeMvYxYxqQDIjXIZuXCrLEXoAdPelR/KpMx8BBiRNYkLt8oahgkAjpkQwbbZ8oLnhUvpO8uWKGuj9zUdRTTKlMo9GsJA4qJ6J6JRJjmNCJDrflprdPMUD2V69DWEdMiV8ly4UTY3WIgsmKPoiPV2603cKuOUlE/NRtaZ+H7rf/vR/0L2AJw1txyixfYGAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC)
---
![](data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAACMAAAAVCAYAAADM+lfpAAAAAXNSR0ICQMB9xQAAAAlwSFlzAAAOxAAADsQBlSsOGwAAABl0RVh0U29mdHdhcmUATWljcm9zb2Z0IE9mZmljZX/tNXEAAAGnSURBVEjH7ZY7bsJAEEAnPRwAlKHjAHiugMhGSg4AFl1EgZCLEMkFxULnM6SCLlwh5ALhBCngKkm8ay8sG3u9BAsRKcVIaDSeefNdYDabwaVIuc4ArmxyFhgVqEewiH9/xfKZJeRP72xQJ4OEYb9OQK99zmsS5pq9DaKokmXLeb8mbcOwXjoM79I9AG0EyK4yFhj5TcBaDWh8tIcTzwnGpfeiIh54KwXiCqOAELy1WaGMsg+qDGFl9Hs/B+TPVWDsjMb6t64wQkYdHAP1FrkwUTSo3CK+sIC3fCIushY6hrgUOr33HuBa1x3AhGG1aJN21dEqaxh0m92AN+Wgkc+FbjJse4hsqWc79SneCtrqjoq2SWzSz2GGra7PLGHQoQeVtQhgOpIlzoNxbJOC0VudbdS4eRYOk3YcDulZYUQgVQnZjnTI9L5b23QkTG6b5N1AtlLO0o15koctnSGnAXaBsQ2wOkZ6gIDhYzKA+8OmxCeYm6stdHoyxaudnImTL3BSZnzPuqTHPCHlPQeW024HgY25oaU8lLvHz8jyN7YX88fqH+bPwHwDwt0Hij3riVEAAAAASUVORK5CYII=)
-холловская подгруппа.
Следствие Пусть
--- радикальная локальная формация. Если в конечной метанильпотентной группе
существует
-биектор
, то
является
-холловской подгруппой группы
. Замечание. Группа
![](data:image/png;base64,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)
не является метанильпотентной, но
![](data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAA8AAAARCAYAAAACCvahAAAAAXNSR0ICQMB9xQAAAAlwSFlzAAAOxAAADsQBlSsOGwAAABl0RVh0U29mdHdhcmUATWljcm9zb2Z0IE9mZmljZX/tNXEAAADASURBVDjLY2hsbGQgFyMYDAyMIIxVEQ45MNHRkcbjIcOwh4HB+G5sebkUuqIoY4aFDDIee9I6OnjwaGb4z2ActZA8zbKyN+UY5G64ZFUbka4ZaGuOm2wxuu1Ea66vj5U0ZmC4YxxZ70uyZhAfbDuSYpI0g/myDLtl3XKKSdYMwg3Rxj6wqCNZMwhHGzMsANpeQpbm+jwPQ1kG2Zuysgw3SdYMsx2cePBqBgYQg3H0AnTNsKhjkPXYjVUzxbmK7poB9qBjhHtPoQ0AAAAASUVORK5CYII=)
-проекторы и
![](data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAA8AAAARCAYAAAACCvahAAAAAXNSR0ICQMB9xQAAAAlwSFlzAAAOxAAADsQBlSsOGwAAABl0RVh0U29mdHdhcmUATWljcm9zb2Z0IE9mZmljZX/tNXEAAADASURBVDjLY2hsbGQgFyMYDAyMIIxVEQ45MNHRkcbjIcOwh4HB+G5sebkUuqIoY4aFDDIee9I6OnjwaGb4z2ActZA8zbKyN+UY5G64ZFUbka4ZaGuOm2wxuu1Ea66vj5U0ZmC4YxxZ70uyZhAfbDuSYpI0g/myDLtl3XKKSdYMwg3Rxj6wqCNZMwhHGzMsANpeQpbm+jwPQ1kG2Zuysgw3SdYMsx2cePBqBgYQg3H0AnTNsKhjkPXYjVUzxbmK7poB9qBjhHtPoQ0AAAAASUVORK5CYII=)
-инъекторы совпадают между собой и являются нехолловскими подгруппами порядка
![](data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAABUAAAARCAYAAAAyhueAAAAAAXNSR0ICQMB9xQAAAAlwSFlzAAAOxAAADsQBlSsOGwAAABl0RVh0U29mdHdhcmUATWljcm9zb2Z0IE9mZmljZX/tNXEAAAEbSURBVDjLzZQ/CsIwFMafux5AMd5Bn7MuIinoAdrQ1UGkgwodHJ7dOugB3HTzDnoUvYqaRAOxttSKiIUPGnjv9/7kIxBFEXxb8BOo/EpGuckZMU+HMPRrCHCSwRcldGmYBSQXh1Dnx1EclzOhcTwq80Z74xNV1TngbCrBVxTLwQuQ/Kosfs6Fkss7PKDmU5E6HAG9XTJJIJLjsFUuNE0ewi4JXQocqO4nfTYrDDWd2uPrsVGQ+v8ISgFvMubs7SQ1ttl5Yaiyiodsbe94Me61uEtdYzcJnWtoGFbegqoukrcuELbGapau2nqJ2FT/sf5kbjp6dNhJK5w7vgJoQ9+rW8Kz2WNh6MPslxeh2KatSMczfijs0/9+pb6hG5lr85zhIzFbAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC)
.
Теорема Пусть
--- радикальный класс Шунка и
--- нормально наследственный гомоморф. Если в каждой группе
существует
-биектор, то
. Доказательство. Предположим, что
![](data:image/png;base64,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)
не содержится в
![](data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAA0AAAARCAYAAAAG/yacAAAAAXNSR0ICQMB9xQAAAAlwSFlzAAAOxAAADsQBlSsOGwAAABl0RVh0U29mdHdhcmUATWljcm9zb2Z0IE9mZmljZX/tNXEAAABUSURBVDjLY2hsbGQgFSMYDAyM+DBWTVHGDAuBkv+B+B82bBzd4INdk4zHnrSODh6inTdUNJWX8+ILOaJDDznkhn3oRRszLGCQ9dhNkiayUjnNNQEAprAs+UbCJXgAAAAASUVORK5CYII=)
, и пусть
![](data:image/png;base64,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)
--- группа наименьшего порядка из разности
![](data:image/png;base64,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)
. Если
![](data:image/png;base64,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)
имеет простой порядок
![](data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAABAAAAARCAYAAADUryzEAAAAAXNSR0ICQMB9xQAAAAlwSFlzAAAOxAAADsQBlSsOGwAAABl0RVh0U29mdHdhcmUATWljcm9zb2Z0IE9mZmljZX/tNXEAAADYSURBVDjLY2hsbGSgBDPQxAAgYARhZDaMT9CA+jwPQ1kGhtdADf+NI+t9o4wZFgLZ/xgYjO/G1tdLEuWC+vpYSSMG2VNycgw3jKMbfDo60ng8ZBj2yLrlFBNlQEO0sQ+DrPHJyLx6VRCfZANAzgbZDONXZ7kYyTLI3vTIqzckHAZg5xvthvkXFHjgcDCOXkB8IMp6rEwrL+eFa2YwvoMtALEakOMmWwwJdSjGYTNWA8CBJSu7EptfCRoAci44sKDOJ9mAaGOGBXBny3rsTuvo4Bm4vDC0DAAA9KCAucMjq7YAAAAASUVORK5CYII=)
, то
![](data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAD0AAAAVCAYAAAD1neayAAAAAXNSR0ICQMB9xQAAAAlwSFlzAAAOxAAADsQBlSsOGwAAABl0RVh0U29mdHdhcmUATWljcm9zb2Z0IE9mZmljZX/tNXEAAAJCSURBVFjD7VhLTsMwFHzs4QBUdXYcgPgKKAQJDhCi7lAXVZVNkbJAyHSXM7CCHVyBcgF6ApDaE3AHSp4Tp6njXyR+pV08KbXceMZvZuwWxuMxbFqtH2CAHVP9K9KC0DmF+/x5kdeHqmh8c2ojvxaE07TXoUCfeoztc9Ld8LmfZbuquYz19vncNO2sLembmOadozMkXHXaQJoTT8JDD7zXo8GV/+2k23rM5k/ssA/+RBB2JS2IE/Cnqo4bwcjATItcDY58AvC+6rFlh5qS7e+FBCaSP5fPNL5DgiQYjurfcyWNNQzICOj5vZV0sUMc/IJG7KwMDiQw1xHgEiThxAUIVpb1d08IeQgTdhhTyvC9OBYS8ohjwps+kKn43CCdpns2VVXdlnCDLgxwQc+DV0xDDqgLz/KuCwIBDa5VIHTqYEl0ECXsgIcOjVkFkISPYuNKLzc22pTeiLUZajCXx/XhQfwpAhPEdKTFi9VHiF7eWElAL0QnkUwdHJemjrSjvAU2GbdysgygkAl5k6VWvdg7vnWVtup7hbJWA+tHScsAUKJ8oTxYdP5EL+qOB1PIiI3lypICxyjvlqSt8q68VXq08JBZptVZmh8PTp6O6Fk9+MqUvuSXEOFxW5C5kHYNskJWNV9qOqwmbve0uDjUySzXXJ0fU7iTpYljridFcWQ18SulqvLub1QhT/LS1jri6irnRIM0SpFfMEpp/5VrqO1Kqb+rw0z2coM0l42QZYuLxs91vPjB8RVzN+4PhC3pLel/Xp98bgdq8h2P3QAAAABJRU5ErkJggg==)
и
![](data:image/png;base64,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)
, противоречие. Значит,
![](data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAABEAAAATCAYAAAB2pebxAAAAAXNSR0ICQMB9xQAAAAlwSFlzAAAOxAAADsQBlSsOGwAAABl0RVh0U29mdHdhcmUATWljcm9zb2Z0IE9mZmljZX/tNXEAAAD4SURBVDjLY2hsbGSgFDMMDUOAgBEdw8SJMgSkMMqYYSGQ/gfHxlELy8vTeN2M3WrTOjp48BpSH2nsC9Yk67EbWXFDtLEPSFzWLacYr0ugBvw3jm7wwWZBjptsMbocioLqLBcjWQaGNwzG0QtweTPPzTjFI6/eEKchkDAwvhtbXy9JTABjGNLRkcbjIcOwh0HGYw9yOIDFZRl2QwP3P4Q2voNsESIs6mMljRkY7oJiAJs3oIH6Hz1QSTIEFKDYvIoRJtHGDAsYGGTfuGRVGyGLw72KwwLU6IW45g7YxvJyKVggwmINV7RjjUaIi5BSKpaENwRzMV0NAQAYqL46wntofwAAAABJRU5ErkJggg==)
--- группа непростого порядка и можно выбрать нетривиальную нормальную в
![](data:image/png;base64,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)
подгруппу
![](data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAABMAAAARCAYAAAA/mJfHAAAAAXNSR0ICQMB9xQAAAAlwSFlzAAAOxAAADsQBlSsOGwAAABl0RVh0U29mdHdhcmUATWljcm9zb2Z0IE9mZmljZX/tNXEAAADcSURBVDjLzZNBCoMwEEWney+gmEPI3EGysAeowa0ryUKFLKO7HEPv4UW68AY9Q23UjZWYptCWBobAIzz4MxNo2xY+VfB1mT6nfdm4VcYQOv3wrmuab0J5aeMvYxYxqQDIjXIZuXCrLEXoAdPelR/KpMx8BBiRNYkLt8oahgkAjpkQwbbZ8oLnhUvpO8uWKGuj9zUdRTTKlMo9GsJA4qJ6J6JRJjmNCJDrflprdPMUD2V69DWEdMiV8ly4UTY3WIgsmKPoiPV2603cKuOUlE/NRtaZ+H7rf/vR/0L2AJw1txyixfYGAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC)
. Так как
![](data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAC0AAAATCAYAAAAEaoRHAAAAAXNSR0ICQMB9xQAAAAlwSFlzAAAOxAAADsQBlSsOGwAAABl0RVh0U29mdHdhcmUATWljcm9zb2Z0IE9mZmljZX/tNXEAAAHeSURBVEjH7ZYxbsIwFEB/dzgAFc7WA2B37oRcD8yVIGIqYkAoC0MGVAJbll6gE4wMPQGcgBO0EpygPUNbO8GRMbYxqFJFBZKlEDv/P3+/2IHJZALn1s4O+M+h+e9KtGPHOAeaAqp9hxK6Wpp2S6wKSx7jG9H+wDRmHJKG6IcqW3bTtGSFTpJ2hQCs+eAvfXCWCMEiCyT6STj9DWg9j2wtAjMv6N1Zok8WJbX9YOjZdP8kaIwXGNBKjyeKh4H3YV4kX+iIkk4QwBuQ1mxvJYL7F1NlbAqZNCqgeXxRUV2RrGgclt3Cqxd0FpCFj3m1yaadJJUCOmI1QqOODXjYq2ME8JHpUzSyVmPo0BJQBZMTyRTxgZZgW783ahXECtjUyJIjtnCtggla5EOAV3JiuRq5Mt7QKpj6kEhECX0yQRV9cVw+Vg95TcJxQ1VD5PGC1sHyKqB3MQmXGnJVdrXw00P871M0kNeq417QIjml0YMpuEsNnxfUBS0VaSbRDUNoblppO3ST3elgcvsLiB0q38PRvN4b4lOgC0UoHal+H4SO426ZqzESXpqW3nZy7U6OqxDH18c4vXeY6Pds0Nsj0+qgSw3D0evntDhdlVNVPitfSNFCAlN9R7p85V2g/xv0D+1SrE2gz3CuAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC)
и
![](data:image/png;base64,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)
---
![](data:image/png;base64,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)
-подгруппа в
![](data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAABEAAAATCAYAAAB2pebxAAAAAXNSR0ICQMB9xQAAAAlwSFlzAAAOxAAADsQBlSsOGwAAABl0RVh0U29mdHdhcmUATWljcm9zb2Z0IE9mZmljZX/tNXEAAAD4SURBVDjLY2hsbGSgFDMMDUOAgBEdw8SJMgSkMMqYYSGQ/gfHxlELy8vTeN2M3WrTOjp48BpSH2nsC9Yk67EbWXFDtLEPSFzWLacYr0ugBvw3jm7wwWZBjptsMbocioLqLBcjWQaGNwzG0QtweTPPzTjFI6/eEKchkDAwvhtbXy9JTABjGNLRkcbjIcOwh0HGYw9yOIDFZRl2QwP3P4Q2voNsESIs6mMljRkY7oJiAJs3oIH6Hz1QSTIEFKDYvIoRJtHGDAsYGGTfuGRVGyGLw72KwwLU6IW45g7YxvJyKVggwmINV7RjjUaIi5BSKpaENwRzMV0NAQAYqL46wntofwAAAABJRU5ErkJggg==)
, то
![](data:image/png;base64,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)
и
![](data:image/png;base64,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)
.
Пусть
![](data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAABMAAAARCAYAAAA/mJfHAAAAAXNSR0ICQMB9xQAAAAlwSFlzAAAOxAAADsQBlSsOGwAAABl0RVh0U29mdHdhcmUATWljcm9zb2Z0IE9mZmljZX/tNXEAAADcSURBVDjLzZNBCoMwEEWney+gmEPI3EGysAeowa0ryUKFLKO7HEPv4UW68AY9Q23UjZWYptCWBobAIzz4MxNo2xY+VfB1mT6nfdm4VcYQOv3wrmuab0J5aeMvYxYxqQDIjXIZuXCrLEXoAdPelR/KpMx8BBiRNYkLt8oahgkAjpkQwbbZ8oLnhUvpO8uWKGuj9zUdRTTKlMo9GsJA4qJ6J6JRJjmNCJDrflprdPMUD2V69DWEdMiV8ly4UTY3WIgsmKPoiPV2603cKuOUlE/NRtaZ+H7rf/vR/0L2AJw1txyixfYGAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC)
---
![](data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAA0AAAARCAYAAAAG/yacAAAAAXNSR0ICQMB9xQAAAAlwSFlzAAAOxAAADsQBlSsOGwAAABl0RVh0U29mdHdhcmUATWljcm9zb2Z0IE9mZmljZX/tNXEAAABUSURBVDjLY2hsbGQgFSMYDAyM+DBWTVHGDAuBkv+B+B82bBzd4INdk4zHnrSODh6inTdUNJWX8+ILOaJDDznkhn3oRRszLGCQ9dhNkiayUjnNNQEAprAs+UbCJXgAAAAASUVORK5CYII=)
-биектор в
![](data:image/png;base64,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)
. Тогда
![](data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAABMAAAARCAYAAAA/mJfHAAAAAXNSR0ICQMB9xQAAAAlwSFlzAAAOxAAADsQBlSsOGwAAABl0RVh0U29mdHdhcmUATWljcm9zb2Z0IE9mZmljZX/tNXEAAADcSURBVDjLzZNBCoMwEEWney+gmEPI3EGysAeowa0ryUKFLKO7HEPv4UW68AY9Q23UjZWYptCWBobAIzz4MxNo2xY+VfB1mT6nfdm4VcYQOv3wrmuab0J5aeMvYxYxqQDIjXIZuXCrLEXoAdPelR/KpMx8BBiRNYkLt8oahgkAjpkQwbbZ8oLnhUvpO8uWKGuj9zUdRTTKlMo9GsJA4qJ6J6JRJjmNCJDrflprdPMUD2V69DWEdMiV8ly4UTY3WIgsmKPoiPV2603cKuOUlE/NRtaZ+H7rf/vR/0L2AJw1txyixfYGAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC)
---
![](data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAA0AAAARCAYAAAAG/yacAAAAAXNSR0ICQMB9xQAAAAlwSFlzAAAOxAAADsQBlSsOGwAAABl0RVh0U29mdHdhcmUATWljcm9zb2Z0IE9mZmljZX/tNXEAAABUSURBVDjLY2hsbGQgFSMYDAyM+DBWTVHGDAuBkv+B+B82bBzd4INdk4zHnrSODh6inTdUNJWX8+ILOaJDDznkhn3oRRszLGCQ9dhNkiayUjnNNQEAprAs+UbCJXgAAAAASUVORK5CYII=)
-инъектор в
![](data:image/png;base64,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)
и
![](data:image/png;base64,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)
. Поскольку
![](data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAABMAAAARCAYAAAA/mJfHAAAAAXNSR0ICQMB9xQAAAAlwSFlzAAAOxAAADsQBlSsOGwAAABl0RVh0U29mdHdhcmUATWljcm9zb2Z0IE9mZmljZX/tNXEAAADbSURBVDjLzZNBCoMwEEWney+gmEPI3EGysAeoIVtX4qIKWUZ3OYbew4t04Q16htqoGwkxTaEtDQyBR3jwZybQdR18quDrMn1OZrm4U8YQev3woWtebkKrq4u/jFmmpAYgd1rJxIc7ZTnCAJgPvvxQJiUPEWBC1mY+3ClrGWYAOHEhon2z5QXPK5cy9JatUbZGmzUfRbTKlCoCGsNI0rJ+J6JVJiuaECA3c1pbdPsUD2V69A3EdCyUCny4VbY0WAgeLVF0xGa/9TbulG3LuGs2st7Gza3/7Uf/C9kTlXm3FqepImkAAAAASUVORK5CYII=)
является
![](data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAA0AAAARCAYAAAAG/yacAAAAAXNSR0ICQMB9xQAAAAlwSFlzAAAOxAAADsQBlSsOGwAAABl0RVh0U29mdHdhcmUATWljcm9zb2Z0IE9mZmljZX/tNXEAAABUSURBVDjLY2hsbGQgFSMYDAyM+DBWTVHGDAuBkv+B+B82bBzd4INdk4zHnrSODh6inTdUNJWX8+ILOaJDDznkhn3oRRszLGCQ9dhNkiayUjnNNQEAprAs+UbCJXgAAAAASUVORK5CYII=)
-проектором в
![](data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAABEAAAATCAYAAAB2pebxAAAAAXNSR0ICQMB9xQAAAAlwSFlzAAAOxAAADsQBlSsOGwAAABl0RVh0U29mdHdhcmUATWljcm9zb2Z0IE9mZmljZX/tNXEAAAD4SURBVDjLY2hsbGSgFDMMDUOAgBEdw8SJMgSkMMqYYSGQ/gfHxlELy8vTeN2M3WrTOjp48BpSH2nsC9Yk67EbWXFDtLEPSFzWLacYr0ugBvw3jm7wwWZBjptsMbocioLqLBcjWQaGNwzG0QtweTPPzTjFI6/eEKchkDAwvhtbXy9JTABjGNLRkcbjIcOwh0HGYw9yOIDFZRl2QwP3P4Q2voNsESIs6mMljRkY7oJiAJs3oIH6Hz1QSTIEFKDYvIoRJtHGDAsYGGTfuGRVGyGLw72KwwLU6IW45g7YxvJyKVggwmINV7RjjUaIi5BSKpaENwRzMV0NAQAYqL46wntofwAAAABJRU5ErkJggg==)
, то
![](data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAA0AAAARCAYAAAAG/yacAAAAAXNSR0ICQMB9xQAAAAlwSFlzAAAOxAAADsQBlSsOGwAAABl0RVh0U29mdHdhcmUATWljcm9zb2Z0IE9mZmljZX/tNXEAAABUSURBVDjLY2hsbGQgFSMYDAyM+DBWTVHGDAuBkv+B+B82bBzd4INdk4zHnrSODh6inTdUNJWX8+ILOaJDDznkhn3oRRszLGCQ9dhNkiayUjnNNQEAprAs+UbCJXgAAAAASUVORK5CYII=)
-максимальна в
![](data:image/png;base64,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)
. Так как
![](data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAABEAAAARCAYAAAA7bUf6AAAAAXNSR0ICQMB9xQAAAAlwSFlzAAAOxAAADsQBlSsOGwAAABl0RVh0U29mdHdhcmUATWljcm9zb2Z0IE9mZmljZX/tNXEAAADrSURBVDjLxZMxDoMwDEXdnQsgkbEHIOkZogz0ABCxMiEW9ga2HAPGDj0BnIBDtSVUKQEBDWqlDo5MbD/yHQfKsoRvbXQADtpWk1fiwyJl4jAP2j7hgWiaLwFESM4qDh5rEymdTchSkrKIQG0HwbjBgDqWCX9yChG7GPoYhuYzhES1+uNcUsFJoIrZCW5WEF1gJmrwIMkGIjLmI8BdLIQ7SnlJtIZon/AiMKWoQmuI+k4pyrVv9mgXREsKRXZkCF31be2CvCVRejH7swsyGa753iYE9YNEeDWZDYC7brAyTqACxJpFyM9e8d8hTwNVjyBe6x6QAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC)
--- гомоморф, то
![](data:image/png;base64,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)
, а по выбору группы
![](data:image/png;base64,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)
получаем, что
![](data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAADkAAAATCAYAAAAqL6XVAAAAAXNSR0ICQMB9xQAAAAlwSFlzAAAOxAAADsQBlSsOGwAAABl0RVh0U29mdHdhcmUATWljcm9zb2Z0IE9mZmljZX/tNXEAAAISSURBVFjD7Vc9bsIwFHb3cgAqnDvA25mQ64GuSBAxFTEglIUhA20NW5ZeoBOMPQMcpJXgBOUMTe0kzo+xk6BQqUUgPQklzvP73vu+zwlaLpfo0uPiAf5bkPx3kxcngTQlSCdSk+ZuVlBM2RgAWvPnfR7fugB70S0FUhQRJUsSwGDtuuMaAfI89rxbsc4GYEPG6uI/Y8M6ILQL1jboVq4R4XnjW4rRJsllryqBVPKfTFfWh4egEEw36UQLG7riOibTWQwKbKY+H67Dh85k3jouEL9ShzWr0LUyyAigr45cxpTgmbwnwOjWOQRGloU+xOQzuUVTrPu3vOLKaKwSyPmk08IIHfKoJADISaSpmqEltR/DacI+fZ85tAnEGZlyR/t/ZTUGO3WPSiBDDWYLM3XXRFUJJNLnXlJbbZCW4oo8CunqurUyZpadQANtCwzDj7s7hJGJqsmk0UrmE3nShqVOP7inKdpIV4O76mrK6oV3XtWRYjq+nIyJqmkgYqoY4U9hQHlUjffWHglnpGsRSGE4kspGqvLrhDi9IxbwnHlULWNIZ9NkQC+N9cdUjhogpkL7rH3szLStApHHiQVmEGEz8LvuyDk7yOQw5xNz3TupCem6ku8OIT2VQtFLwovQlS5n2oDMcuDUTO37K0dIdqKKNiLnC7oO9En3kmDSUB5VNbov1GRQX0knvn6FXEFeQf69+AH7B9kcmk4D7wAAAABJRU5ErkJggg==)
, т. е.
![](data:image/png;base64,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)
и
![](data:image/png;base64,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)
, противоречие. Значит, допущение не верно и
![](data:image/png;base64,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)
.
Следствие Если
--- радикальный класс Шунка, для которого в каждой конечной разрешимой группе существует
-биектор, то
. Следствие Если
--- радикальная локальная формация, для которой в каждой конечной разрешимой группе существует
-биектор, то
. Для натурального числа
![](data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAA0AAAATCAYAAABLN4eXAAAAAXNSR0ICQMB9xQAAAAlwSFlzAAAOxAAADsQBlSsOGwAAABl0RVh0U29mdHdhcmUATWljcm9zb2Z0IE9mZmljZX/tNXEAAADdSURBVDjLY2hsbGQgFTMMnCYgYIRhojTV18dKGjMw3AFq+C/rllNMtE0gjUYMsqc88uoNideU52EoK+uxMq2jg4doTTlussUMxlEL0f2H7EcUDR0daTweMgx7jKMbfMA2MjC8Bir+B8KyHnlF2AMCrNDoVGx9vWR5eayUsXF0HUHngZ1mFLWoOsvFCKaZoKYoY4aFMOcwMBjfJagJOaghzpS9CQt29IiGMxqijX0YZDz2gIIaFiDACC4pL0/j9fCITsaqKdqYYQFyCOV5yBZBnCn7Gj2iGYZY1iAGAwC2OVtIeZ/FzgAAAABJRU5ErkJggg==)
через
![](data:image/png;base64,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)
обозначим класс всех разрешимых грeпп нильпотентной длины не более
![](data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAA0AAAATCAYAAABLN4eXAAAAAXNSR0ICQMB9xQAAAAlwSFlzAAAOxAAADsQBlSsOGwAAABl0RVh0U29mdHdhcmUATWljcm9zb2Z0IE9mZmljZX/tNXEAAADdSURBVDjLY2hsbGQgFTMMnCYgYIRhojTV18dKGjMw3AFq+C/rllNMtE0gjUYMsqc88uoNideU52EoK+uxMq2jg4doTTlussUMxlEL0f2H7EcUDR0daTweMgx7jKMbfMA2MjC8Bir+B8KyHnlF2AMCrNDoVGx9vWR5eayUsXF0HUHngZ1mFLWoOsvFCKaZoKYoY4aFMOcwMBjfJagJOaghzpS9CQt29IiGMxqijX0YZDz2gIIaFiDACC4pL0/j9fCITsaqKdqYYQFyCOV5yBZBnCn7Gj2iGYZY1iAGAwC2OVtIeZ/FzgAAAABJRU5ErkJggg==)
. При
![](data:image/png;base64,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)
имеем класс всех нильпотентных групп, а при
![](data:image/png;base64,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)
--- класс всех метанильпотентных групп.
Лемма Для любого натурального числа
, класс
является радикальной насыщенной наследственной формацией.