Рассмотрим множество
![](data:image/png;base64,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)
и его покрытие
![](data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAABEAAAAQCAYAAADwMZRfAAAAAXNSR0ICQMB9xQAAAAlwSFlzAAAOxAAADsQBlSsOGwAAABl0RVh0U29mdHdhcmUATWljcm9zb2Z0IE9mZmljZX/tNXEAAABTSURBVDjLY2hsbGSgFDNQ1ZAcN9liBgaG/0RjGY89aR0dPBguqa+PlTRmYLgr65ZTjM1GXPIoijo60ng8ZBj2EDLEOLrBZ9QQehsyOFLsqCFwDAA3IYuJLFbaIgAAAABJRU5ErkJggg==)
. Пару
![](data:image/png;base64,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)
мы будем далее называть
картой.
Произвольная карта
![](data:image/png;base64,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)
позволяет ввести на множестве
![](data:image/png;base64,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)
отношение толерантности
![](data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAA0AAAAPCAYAAAA/I0V3AAAAAXNSR0ICQMB9xQAAAAlwSFlzAAAOxAAADsQBlSsOGwAAABl0RVh0U29mdHdhcmUATWljcm9zb2Z0IE9mZmljZX/tNXEAAACKSURBVDjLY2hsbGQgFTMMnKaGaGMfBgaG/yhYxmNPWkcHD1ZNYA3GUQs7OtJ4PGRlV3rk1RsStCkrK0sFRNfneRjKynqsRDadoJ+ijBkWGkc3+BDtp/r6WEkjBqPdsfX1kqQFBNBfJIUeyGmybjnFIBuNjaPridKU4yZbDAlq47u4nMgwxJIRMRgAPscfBNViJQYAAAAASUVORK5CYII=)
, определенное условием:
![](data:image/png;base64,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)
, если существует такое
![](data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAACwAAAARCAYAAACmYE5yAAAAAXNSR0ICQMB9xQAAAAlwSFlzAAAOxAAADsQBlSsOGwAAABl0RVh0U29mdHdhcmUATWljcm9zb2Z0IE9mZmljZX/tNXEAAADySURBVEjHY2hsbGQYSnhIOXb4O7g+z8PQ2C0vhRILc9xkixkYGP4TjWU89qR1dPCQ7OCOjjQeDxmGPcbRDT6UhlJ9faykMQPDXVm3nGJS5Ym2JMqYYSHIx9RwMMzzhByMzS6iLGiINvYxdnOrlWWQvemRV2+IK7nIMjC8QY1S47ux9fWSdHUw2CHGUb0gR+NyAFgOLa0NSAiDDHYzdqsFOQSXg5HVDHiSgKVbXDkW2XDsuZyOSQKcbpE0gB2Py8Fy7rMGNIRh6RYjtI2jFmK1XFZ2Ja7MSHMHY8tAhCzAlyHJKoehJQ7ZxdpoW2LUwYMYAwCOF0Vk7l7AnQAAAABJRU5ErkJggg==)
, что одновременно
![](data:image/png;base64,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)
и
![](data:image/png;base64,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)
. Так определенную толерантность
![](data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAA0AAAAPCAYAAAA/I0V3AAAAAXNSR0ICQMB9xQAAAAlwSFlzAAAOxAAADsQBlSsOGwAAABl0RVh0U29mdHdhcmUATWljcm9zb2Z0IE9mZmljZX/tNXEAAACzSURBVDjLY2hsbGQgFTNQRdN/BgZGBgYGFlQcyoxTE0hDdaSpL1Dhb6DOf0D6D4jNIOuxM62jgwerpoZYY28Gk6h55eVpvB6ysis9ihsMCDovLy9PGUTXZ7kYy8p6rkA2nWBARBkzLTSObfAmOiDKy2OlDBmNdsfW10sSrak+0tiXwTh6AViSYRUTUZqijRkWyLpllOblxcoYG0fXEqUpx0O2EBzMDEa3cDmRYeCSEc00AQB7pxWeqnVIdgAAAABJRU5ErkJggg==)
мы назовем
толерантностью, порожденную картон ![](data:image/png;base64,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)
. Очевидно, каждое
![](data:image/png;base64,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)
является предклассом порожденной толерантности
![](data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAA0AAAAPCAYAAAA/I0V3AAAAAXNSR0ICQMB9xQAAAAlwSFlzAAAOxAAADsQBlSsOGwAAABl0RVh0U29mdHdhcmUATWljcm9zb2Z0IE9mZmljZX/tNXEAAACsSURBVDjLY2hsbGQgFTNQRRMQMAIxMypexYRTE0hDfaSxL5D+A9T5D0j/BbEZZN13pXV08GDV1BBt7MNgHDW/oyONx0NWdqVHXr0hQedlZWWpgOjqLBcjWVnPFcimEwyIKGOGhcaxDd5EB0R5eayUEYPR7tj6ekmiNYEDwjh6ASRg/jMSpSnamGGBrFtGaXl5qLSxcXQdUZqyPGSLwMHMYHQLlxMZBi4Z0UwTANsWFFwoZRLbAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC)
.
Если
![](data:image/png;base64,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)
– пространство толерантности и
![](data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAABMAAAARCAYAAAA/mJfHAAAAAXNSR0ICQMB9xQAAAAlwSFlzAAAOxAAADsQBlSsOGwAAABl0RVh0U29mdHdhcmUATWljcm9zb2Z0IE9mZmljZX/tNXEAAACbSURBVDjLY2hsbGSgFmYYWoZFGTMsZGBg+A/Dsm45xfjECbosx022mIFB9o1HXr0hMeJ4DQO7wjhqIbHiOA2rr4+VNGZguGsc3eBDjDhewxqijX0YGIzvxtbXSxIjTlIEoGAcXsRqWEdHGo+HDMMe9Jgi5EWshtXneRjKMsjeRI8tiBexxyJOw8BRL+OxJ62jg4cY8SGcnYafYQCP79afps/0SQAAAABJRU5ErkJggg==)
– множество всех классов толерантности в этом пространстве, то, в силу леммы 2.3.3 толерантность, порожденная картой
![](data:image/png;base64,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)
, совпадает с исходной толерантностью
![](data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAA0AAAAPCAYAAAA/I0V3AAAAAXNSR0ICQMB9xQAAAAlwSFlzAAAOxAAADsQBlSsOGwAAABl0RVh0U29mdHdhcmUATWljcm9zb2Z0IE9mZmljZX/tNXEAAACKSURBVDjLY2hsbGQgFTMMnKaGaGMfBgaG/yhYxmNPWkcHD1ZNYA3GUQs7OtJ4PGRlV3rk1RsStCkrK0sFRNfneRjKynqsRDadoJ+ijBkWGkc3+BDtp/r6WEkjBqPdsfX1kqQFBNBfJIUeyGmybjnFIBuNjaPridKU4yZbDAlq47u4nMgwxJIRMRgAPscfBNViJQYAAAAASUVORK5CYII=)
. Аналогичное утверждение справедливо и для произвольного базиса
![](data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAABkAAAAXCAYAAAD+4+QTAAAAAXNSR0ICQMB9xQAAAAlwSFlzAAAOxAAADsQBlSsOGwAAABl0RVh0U29mdHdhcmUATWljcm9zb2Z0IE9mZmljZX/tNXEAAAD2SURBVEjHY2hsbGSgNWYYtWRoWBJlzLCQgYHhPwzLuuUU4xMn2yc5brLFDAyybzzy6g2JESfLErCrjaMWEitOsiX19bGSxgwMd42jG3yIESfLkoZoYx8GBuO7sfX1ksSIUyXiUTCJQYXVko6ONB4PGYY96CmH3KDCakl9noehLIPsTfTUAwkq0lIVTkvASVTGY09aRwcPMeKIZI07/2BNVbiCClfmAwexrOxKkC9Bao0YjHYjJw6croFFMCFXwoNY1mMlyJfgYEXzMVXKJkh84U59VLEElORhqQ6ZTTVLwPEl5z4LFDyw5E9VS2AJglBmHa0ZScIAuB5EH3vCdoMAAAAASUVORK5CYII=)
в пространстве
![](data:image/png;base64,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)
.
Карта
![](data:image/png;base64,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)
называется
канонической, если каждый элемент
![](data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAABAAAAARCAYAAADUryzEAAAAAXNSR0ICQMB9xQAAAAlwSFlzAAAOxAAADsQBlSsOGwAAABl0RVh0U29mdHdhcmUATWljcm9zb2Z0IE9mZmljZX/tNXEAAACsSURBVDjLY2hsbGSgBDMMLQPq8zwMjd3yUsgyoKMjjcdDhmGPcXSDD1kGRBkzLGRgYPhPlgEN0cY+xm5utbIMsjc98uoNSTIA5G9Z46hekCEMDMZ3Y+vrJYk2AORvN2O32rSODh6yDID5G45lPPaADCPKALC/kQIMbBixBsD8jeEa46iFBBMS2K9oNsHSgKxbTjFOA+rrYyWNGRjuwvwLUwwJPNzhMMQyEzYMAA2tjN4Ij00uAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC)
покрытия
![](data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAABEAAAAQCAYAAADwMZRfAAAAAXNSR0ICQMB9xQAAAAlwSFlzAAAOxAAADsQBlSsOGwAAABl0RVh0U29mdHdhcmUATWljcm9zb2Z0IE9mZmljZX/tNXEAAABTSURBVDjLY2hsbGSgFDNQ1ZAcN9liBgaG/0RjGY89aR0dPBguqa+PlTRmYLgr65ZTjM1GXPIoijo60ng8ZBj2EDLEOLrBZ9QQehsyOFLsqCFwDAA3IYuJLFbaIgAAAABJRU5ErkJggg==)
оказывается классом толерантности, порожденной исходной картон
![](data:image/png;base64,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)
. Легко видеть, что если карта
![](data:image/png;base64,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)
является канонической, то
![](data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAABEAAAAQCAYAAADwMZRfAAAAAXNSR0ICQMB9xQAAAAlwSFlzAAAOxAAADsQBlSsOGwAAABl0RVh0U29mdHdhcmUATWljcm9zb2Z0IE9mZmljZX/tNXEAAABTSURBVDjLY2hsbGSgFDNQ1ZAcN9liBgaG/0RjGY89aR0dPBguqa+PlTRmYLgr65ZTjM1GXPIoijo60ng8ZBj2EDLEOLrBZ9QQehsyOFLsqCFwDAA3IYuJLFbaIgAAAABJRU5ErkJggg==)
содержит некоторый базис
![](data:image/png;base64,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)
, порожденный толерантности:
![](data:image/png;base64,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)
.
На рис. 1 изображена некоторая карта
![](data:image/png;base64,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)
, а справа система классов порожденной толерантности (впрочем, в данном случае эта система состоит из одного класса). Этот пример показывает, в частности, существование неканонических карт.
Каждая карта
![](data:image/png;base64,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)
естественным образом приводит к всюду определенному соответствию
![](data:image/png;base64,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)
которое каждому элементу
![](data:image/png;base64,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)
сопоставляет все те
![](data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAACwAAAARCAYAAACmYE5yAAAAAXNSR0ICQMB9xQAAAAlwSFlzAAAOxAAADsQBlSsOGwAAABl0RVh0U29mdHdhcmUATWljcm9zb2Z0IE9mZmljZX/tNXEAAADySURBVEjHY2hsbGQYSnhIOXb4O7g+z8PQ2C0vhRILc9xkixkYGP4TjWU89qR1dPCQ7OCOjjQeDxmGPcbRDT6UhlJ9faykMQPDXVm3nGJS5Ym2JMqYYSHIx9RwMMzzhByMzS6iLGiINvYxdnOrlWWQvemRV2+IK7nIMjC8QY1S47ux9fWSdHUw2CHGUb0gR+NyAFgOLa0NSAiDDHYzdqsFOQSXg5HVDHiSgKVbXDkW2XDsuZyOSQKcbpE0gB2Py8Fy7rMGNIRh6RYjtI2jFmK1XFZ2Ja7MSHMHY8tAhCzAlyHJKoehJQ7ZxdpoW2LUwYMYAwCOF0Vk7l7AnQAAAABJRU5ErkJggg==)
, для которых
![](data:image/png;base64,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)
. Наоборот, если дано некоторое всюду определенное соответствие
![](data:image/png;base64,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)
, то оно порождает покрытие
![](data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAABEAAAAQCAYAAADwMZRfAAAAAXNSR0ICQMB9xQAAAAlwSFlzAAAOxAAADsQBlSsOGwAAABl0RVh0U29mdHdhcmUATWljcm9zb2Z0IE9mZmljZX/tNXEAAABoSURBVDjLY2hsbGSgFDNQ1ZAcN9liBgaG/0RjGY89aR0dPBguqa+PlTRmYLgr65ZTjM1GXPIoijo60ng8ZBj2EDLEOLrBZ9QQkgwp5/SQZeiVd8sLw2GIMNCQZcaRDZa0S2yjhlDXEABG3Ir+Vtm+wgAAAABJRU5ErkJggg==)
множества
![](data:image/png;base64,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)
, состоящее из прообразов элементов из
![](data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAA8AAAARCAYAAAACCvahAAAAAXNSR0ICQMB9xQAAAAlwSFlzAAAOxAAADsQBlSsOGwAAABl0RVh0U29mdHdhcmUATWljcm9zb2Z0IE9mZmljZX/tNXEAAACYSURBVDjLY2hsbGQgFzMMLs05brLFDAwM/+FYxmNPWkcHD9E2N0Qb+zAwyL7xyKs3JNnZYNtx2IhXc0dHGo+HDMMeWbecYpL9XJ/nYSjLIHsTn5PxBxgBJ2PVDHMyg3HUQpKjqr4+VtKYgeGucXSDD8maIVFkfDe2vl4SXRzdQKKcDAlAo1PoBqLZiJSq0DGWMBhkGYNYDABv63Q5a9FSTgAAAABJRU5ErkJggg==)
при соответствии
![](data:image/png;base64,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)
. Таким образом,
![](data:image/png;base64,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)
тогда и только тогда, когда существует такое
![](data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAACcAAAAVCAYAAADFEfeTAAAAAXNSR0ICQMB9xQAAAAlwSFlzAAAOxAAADsQBlSsOGwAAABl0RVh0U29mdHdhcmUATWljcm9zb2Z0IE9mZmljZX/tNXEAAAHfSURBVEjH7VbNSsNAEJ61HhW8Kp36CprpWS8hrvhzC9iWXBcpJVB/yKHYbW99Bg8qXpS8gagP4CNY9a74CAp1tweblPyKShEDQyDsznz5vm9mF7rdLkxqTCywRHC2DQXw/amfKOr7MAUA06OwC5nBqYdVCU6RN5qBROy7wDU4NhnAu8o5AP1GfiV6vZlM4KTLl3lFrtoAhV0LDwFKL3y/s/Sd7MkKbQHga1LeWHBkWW0DoK+APScmUIyGJYqXKcSehQeKsesoxhLBdWq0ibjmb7ouDovFeE9pwlp1TiWAF7XubRRG35FyPq6o54lZXoQb5O5eroaAiILae7HSxPglKVp100DA+zSrRDKByC/SCvZ6YsYiU9pCzOWVdShpkd+k1fgyE1I68wTsMSxnuqz6p5Skt0C1s8xzzvOcBaJaO3O3aXCltWPhebN5JNV1DGBP5HQ2xlVTk4VFgpMVvmLWW0bWIpqBdcRLU3jlPOCOKsvbwOgxyKz2uf4+DnjUoQ5tLFr1gzz+kWoPA3r47OqEPZoZIew5S0tq7JwH13vCLCOju3ErhL2AcDXuH5YyizTALJ6LXheIcvUk98FfI2onzaxfPfgHgYnvuk6Rc9eemFtJmP7kSf9/n/sH99fAfQB0XHYcBSa39wAAAABJRU5ErkJggg==)
, что
![](data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAABAAAAARCAYAAADUryzEAAAAAXNSR0ICQMB9xQAAAAlwSFlzAAAOxAAADsQBlSsOGwAAABl0RVh0U29mdHdhcmUATWljcm9zb2Z0IE9mZmljZX/tNXEAAACsSURBVDjLY2hsbGSgBDMMLQPq8zwMjd3yUsgyoKMjjcdDhmGPcXSDD1kGRBkzLGRgYPhPlgEN0cY+xm5utbIMsjc98uoNSTIA5G9Z46hekCEMDMZ3Y+vrJYk2AORvN2O32rSODh6yDID5G45lPPaADCPKALC/kQIMbBixBsD8jeEa46iFBBMS2K9oNsHSgKxbTjFOA+rrYyWNGRjuwvwLUwwJPNzhMMQyEzYMAA2tjN4Ij00uAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC)
есть множество элементов из
![](data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAABUAAAARCAYAAAAyhueAAAAAAXNSR0ICQMB9xQAAAAlwSFlzAAAOxAAADsQBlSsOGwAAABl0RVh0U29mdHdhcmUATWljcm9zb2Z0IE9mZmljZX/tNXEAAAFpSURBVDjL5ZO/SsNAHMe/seKkuxXPLuJs82sRnEM80OJUpAmZKh0kRGxLM1S9dCtuXR2k7dhn0CfwEWzfoG+gqHcNgWITm0FEcDjuuLvf5/f73B90Oh38dMOvQctlZACsAuVMUuAHoIV7ZBuNVpZCrQIeZMQbQBNHiOxCJRLYPsufyu5djl8Zd69S6YsKlQA25Z7If11rXxjEgCk0eolNmgS1CX0tBtr1axtHtHOvoIx79dRn6vvOlmmalwRMyA5O5rU9k85Nk26UOjnBcWqoUi86TlVCx1QRpTltvcjdqmuyplQfx6knQm0i4YjGLt/GIzPdZqTNiV97gbcp559Adj/1k1LqRPbt7BUQBiBrEGnzRrCvqmXQpknqsVClHgWoy4JuDSNtNbdMPRYaqocBHmd1MP25UOB3tW53XVVs6Rh+p74A9eW5FXO81Ov11mZVOwd7QK5l+GES4RvZHNBihnf4N/7+/4F+Aihe97cYNx/tAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC)
, которым соответствие
![](data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAABQAAAAVCAYAAABG1c6oAAAAAXNSR0ICQMB9xQAAAAlwSFlzAAAOxAAADsQBlSsOGwAAABl0RVh0U29mdHdhcmUATWljcm9zb2Z0IE9mZmljZX/tNXEAAADgSURBVDjLY2hsbGSgJmYY3gbmuMkWMzAY342tr5ek2MCOjjQeDxmGPQzGUQup4kKYgcbRDT5YDazP8zCUZWB4wyDjsSeto4MHLFYfK2nEYLQb5iUQ35iB4S7IVWC2nPssmFqsLkQPk4ZoYx9kL0UZMyyEWQgy0M0tLwxvpCBrgPFhXoL5AN2LOA1ED2R076JbRtBAdBcgexcWdoRch8VA2ZseefWG6N4l1nWoBkJdIeuWU4zsXVIMw4gUeLJgYPgPw8R4k2DCjjKW7YV5neK8jCvBkm0gKHZB4ThaHg6cgQD/02bzIM0aSQAAAABJRU5ErkJggg==)
сопоставляет
![](data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAA0AAAAVCAYAAACdbmSKAAAAAXNSR0ICQMB9xQAAAAlwSFlzAAAOxAAADsQBlSsOGwAAABl0RVh0U29mdHdhcmUATWljcm9zb2Z0IE9mZmljZX/tNXEAAAD6SURBVDjLY2hsbGQgFTNQVdMqBgYmBob/jERrAgLGaGOGBbIeWUX/gWwgnxkkhldTfZ6HoUdkvX0oUHGWm2wJA4PsK4/iBgOCmozd3OqMGRhuMzDIvUTWgFNTQ7Sxj6ys+6rQvDwZiNNQ/YbVP9VZLkZyDAwvgew/IAzyG05NUA3GsrKey9M6OniICvL6SGNfBln3Xfg0oGiqr4+VNDaOriMpcusjPexcsqqNSNLUEGvsLeuWVQKNSCS8igmnpo6ONB53WYZdsBCDYUZZj93ofiTolGhj4/rY+npJgvEEc1p5eai0h0deKMEEC/IbwnlGt9BtoX5+GhyaAJqqd64gIYhWAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC)
. Обозначим для дальнейшего прообраз элемента
![](data:image/png;base64,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)
при соответствии
![](data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAABQAAAAVCAYAAABG1c6oAAAAAXNSR0ICQMB9xQAAAAlwSFlzAAAOxAAADsQBlSsOGwAAABl0RVh0U29mdHdhcmUATWljcm9zb2Z0IE9mZmljZX/tNXEAAADgSURBVDjLY2hsbGSgJmYY3gbmuMkWMzAY342tr5ek2MCOjjQeDxmGPQzGUQup4kKYgcbRDT5YDazP8zCUZWB4wyDjsSeto4MHLFYfK2nEYLQb5iUQ35iB4S7IVWC2nPssmFqsLkQPk4ZoYx9kL0UZMyyEWQgy0M0tLwxvpCBrgPFhXoL5AN2LOA1ED2R076JbRtBAdBcgexcWdoRch8VA2ZseefWG6N4l1nWoBkJdIeuWU4zsXVIMw4gUeLJgYPgPw8R4k2DCjjKW7YV5neK8jCvBkm0gKHZB4ThaHg6cgQD/02bzIM0aSQAAAABJRU5ErkJggg==)
через
![](data:image/png;base64,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)
.
По соответствию можно построить отображение,
![](data:image/png;base64,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)
которое каждому элементу
![](data:image/png;base64,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)
сопоставляет непустое множество элементов
![](data:image/png;base64,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)
, для которых
![](data:image/png;base64,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)
. С помощью отображении толерантность
![](data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAA0AAAAPCAYAAAA/I0V3AAAAAXNSR0ICQMB9xQAAAAlwSFlzAAAOxAAADsQBlSsOGwAAABl0RVh0U29mdHdhcmUATWljcm9zb2Z0IE9mZmljZX/tNXEAAAC0SURBVDjLY2hsbGQgFTNQRdN/BgZGBgYGFlQcyoxTE0hDdaSpL1Dhb6DOf0D6D4jNIOuxM62jgwerpoZYY28Go6h55eVpvB6ysis9ihsMCDovLy9PGUTXZ7kYy8p6Lkc2nWBARBkyLTSObfAmOiDKy2OlDBmNdsfW10sSrak+0tiXwTh6AViSYRUTUZqijRkWyLpklOblxcoYG0fXEqUpx022GGgFMPSN7+JyIsPAJSOaaQIAdt4Vnz5Xzd8AAAAASUVORK5CYII=)
, порожденная исходной картой
![](data:image/png;base64,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)
, выражается условием
![](data:image/png;base64,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)
, если
![](data:image/png;base64,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)
. Можно ввести еще и отношение
![](data:image/png;base64,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)
, определяемое условием:
![](data:image/png;base64,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)
, если
![](data:image/png;base64,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)
.
![](data:image/png;base64,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)
, очевидно, является эквивалентностью.
Посмотрим на примерах, как канонические признаки выражаются через исходные признаки карты. В примере на рис. 1 Имеем
![](data:image/png;base64,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)
.
В примере на рис. 2а, изображено соответствие:
![](data:image/png;base64,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)
, где
![](data:image/png;base64,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)
,
![](data:image/png;base64,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)
. Нa рис. 2б изображены классы порожденной толерантности. Легко проверить, что
![](data:image/png;base64,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)
,
![](data:image/png;base64,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)
.
На рис 3 исходная карта уже является канонической. Но если взять каноническую карту
![](data:image/png;base64,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)
с полным набором классов толерантности, то получим, что
![](data:image/png;base64,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)
. Посмотрим далее, каким образом и всегда ли канонические признаки могут быть выражены через исходные.
2.6.1 Теорема
Для произвольной карты
любой класс порожденной толерантности
всегда может быть выражен через элементы покрытия
с помощью операций пересечения и объединения. Доказательство. Рассмотрим некоторый класс толерантности
![](data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAABEAAAARCAYAAAA7bUf6AAAAAXNSR0ICQMB9xQAAAAlwSFlzAAAOxAAADsQBlSsOGwAAABl0RVh0U29mdHdhcmUATWljcm9zb2Z0IE9mZmljZX/tNXEAAAChSURBVDjLY2hsbGSgFDMMbkNy3GSLGRgY/sOwrFtOMYa4jMeetI4OHrwuaYg29gEpNo5u8IGJ1ed5GMoyGJ2Kra+XJMo7YFuRbIsyZliIzCdoSEdHGo+HDMMekDfq62MljRkY7iK7iChDIM6WvenmZlzLwGB8F935RBkCCw8GBtk3Hnn1hmTFDtj/Jh5rQV4iyyXIYQALG1wBOkRS7Ag3BABtHqd93PfneAAAAABJRU5ErkJggg==)
. Пусть
![](data:image/png;base64,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)
. По определению класса, для всякого
![](data:image/png;base64,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)
,
![](data:image/png;base64,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)
, а по определению толераптности существует признак
![](data:image/png;base64,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)
такой, что
![](data:image/png;base64,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)
. Тогда 1)
![](data:image/png;base64,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)
; 2)
![](data:image/png;base64,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)
. Действительно, 1) следует из того, что
![](data:image/png;base64,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)
для всех признаков
![](data:image/png;base64,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)
, a 2) следует из того, что всякий
![](data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAA0AAAANCAYAAABy6+R8AAAAAXNSR0ICQMB9xQAAAAlwSFlzAAAOxAAADsQBlSsOGwAAABl0RVh0U29mdHdhcmUATWljcm9zb2Z0IE9mZmljZX/tNXEAAABpSURBVCjPY2hsbGQgFTNQRVMoAwMzAwMDCxpmxKmpoyONx12WYRdQ0W8QZmRk+MfAIPvKo7jBAKem+uJYldjiehWwjaEMzJHGTAuMY+u9ifITPg3Y/URAA1ZNUcYMC42jG3xoH+TDQBMAhC/vrEAxaqsAAAAASUVORK5CYII=)
, принадленжащий
![](data:image/png;base64,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)
, толерантен к
![](data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAA8AAAARCAYAAAACCvahAAAAAXNSR0ICQMB9xQAAAAlwSFlzAAAOxAAADsQBlSsOGwAAABl0RVh0U29mdHdhcmUATWljcm9zb2Z0IE9mZmljZX/tNXEAAACeSURBVDjLY2hsbGQgFzMMHs1RxgwLGRgY/jPIeOxJ6+jgAYk1RBv7IPPx2gxWzGB8N7a+XhLE7+hI43EzdqslSnN9noehLIPsTY+8ekMwvz5W0s0tL4woP4MUGzMw3DWObvAB8fPc3MJgriBJM8gVxm55KUSHNsiPHjIMe2Q9PXuM5dxnofuVgOZyTg9Zhl5goC0DOld4CCSSUc34MQCZjXm1ne2W5AAAAABJRU5ErkJggg==)
. Поскольку
![](data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAA8AAAARCAYAAAACCvahAAAAAXNSR0ICQMB9xQAAAAlwSFlzAAAOxAAADsQBlSsOGwAAABl0RVh0U29mdHdhcmUATWljcm9zb2Z0IE9mZmljZX/tNXEAAACeSURBVDjLY2hsbGQgFzMMHs1RxgwLGRgY/jPIeOxJ6+jgAYk1RBv7IPPx2gxWzGB8N7a+XhLE7+hI43EzdqslSnN9noehLIPsTY+8ekMwvz5W0s0tL4woP4MUGzMw3DWObvAB8fPc3MJgriBJM8gVxm55KUSHNsiPHjIMe2Q9PXuM5dxnofuVgOZyTg9Zhl5goC0DOld4CCSSUc34MQCZjXm1ne2W5AAAAABJRU5ErkJggg==)
– произвольный элемент из
![](data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAABEAAAARCAYAAAA7bUf6AAAAAXNSR0ICQMB9xQAAAAlwSFlzAAAOxAAADsQBlSsOGwAAABl0RVh0U29mdHdhcmUATWljcm9zb2Z0IE9mZmljZX/tNXEAAAChSURBVDjLY2hsbGSgFDMMbkNy3GSLGRgY/sOwrFtOMYa4jMeetI4OHrwuaYg29gEpNo5u8IGJ1ed5GMoyGJ2Kra+XJMo7YFuRbIsyZliIzCdoSEdHGo+HDMMekDfq62MljRkY7iK7iChDIM6WvenmZlzLwGB8F935RBkCCw8GBtk3Hnn1hmTFDtj/Jh5rQV4iyyXIYQALG1wBOkRS7Ag3BABtHqd93PfneAAAAABJRU5ErkJggg==)
, по свойству максимальности класса
![](data:image/png;base64,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)
. Отсюда вытекает, что
![](data:image/png;base64,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)
, что доказывает теорему.