Механические свойства элементов Периодической системы Менделеева (стр. 2 из 2)
Shear Modulus 5 GPa Calculated
Tin
Hardness, Brinell 3,9
Tensile Strength, Ultimate 220 MPa
Modulus of Elasticity 41,4 GPa
Poisson's Ratio 0,33
Shear Modulus 18 GPa Calculated
Antimony
Hardness, Brinell 30–58
Hardness, Vickers 30–60
Tensile Strength, Ultimate 11,4 MPa
Modulus of Elasticity 77,759 GPa
Shear Modulus 19 GPa
Tellurium
Hardness, Brinell 25
Tensile Strength, Ultimate 11 MPa
Modulus of Elasticity 40 GPa
Poisson's Ratio 0,33
Shear Modulus 15,16 GPa
Cesium
Bulk Modulus 1,57 GPa
Barium
Modulus of Elasticity 12,8 GPa
Bulk Modulus 10,2 GPa
Poisson's Ratio 0,28
Shear Modulus 6 GPa Calculated
Lanthanum
Hardness, Vickers 28
Tensile Strength, Ultimate 130 MPa
Tensile Strength, Yield 125 MPa
Elongation at Break 7,9%
Modulus of Elasticity 36,6 GPa in tension
Bulk Modulus 27,9 GPa
Poisson's Ratio 0,28
Shear Modulus 14,3 GPa
Cerium
Hardness, Vickers 24
Tensile Strength, Ultimate 100 MPa
Tensile Strength, Yield 91 MPa
Modulus of Elasticity 41,4 GPa
Bulk Modulus 21,5 GPa
Poisson's Ratio 0,248
Shear Modulus 13,5 GPa
Praseodymium
Hardness, Vickers 20
Tensile Strength, Ultimate 110 MPa
Tensile Strength, Yield 100 MPa
Elongation at Break 15%
Modulus of Elasticity 37,3 GPa in tension
Bulk Modulus 28,8 GPa
Poisson's Ratio 0,281
Shear Modulus 14,8 GPa
Neodymium
Hardness, Vickers 18
Tensile Strength, Ultimate 170 MPa
Tensile Strength, Yield 165 MPa
Elongation at Break 25%
Modulus of Elasticity 41,4 GPa
Bulk Modulus 31,8 GPa
Poisson's Ratio 0,281
Shear Modulus 16,3 GPa
Promethium
Hardness, Knoop 63
Tensile Strength, Ultimate 160 MPa
Tensile Strength, Yield 70 MPa
Elongation at Break 25%
Modulus of Elasticity 50 GPa (tension)
Bulk Modulus 33 GPa
Poisson's Ratio 0,28
Shear Modulus 18 GPa
Samarium
Hardness, Vickers 39
Tensile Strength, Ultimate 120–156 MPa different sources report in this range
Tensile Strength, Yield 68–112 MPa
Elongation at Break 17%
Modulus of Elasticity 49,7 GPa in tension
Bulk Modulus 37,8 GPa
Poisson's Ratio 0,274
Shear Modulus 19,5 GPa
Europium
Hardness, Vickers 17
Modulus of Elasticity 18,2 GPa in tension
Bulk Modulus 8,3 GPa
Poisson's Ratio 0,152
Shear Modulus 7,9 GPa
Gadolinium
Hardness, Vickers 37 polycrystalline
Tensile Strength, Ultimate 190 MPa
Tensile Strength, Yield 173 MPa
Elongation at Break 37%
Modulus of Elasticity 54,8 GPa in tension
Bulk Modulus 37,9 GPa
Poisson's Ratio 0,259
Shear Modulus 24 GPa Calculated
Terbium
Hardness, Vickers 38 polycrystalline
Tensile Strength, Ultimate 140 MPa
Tensile Strength, Yield 60 MPa
Elongation at Break 12%
Modulus of Elasticity 55,7 GPa in tension
Bulk Modulus 38,7 GPa
Poisson's Ratio 0,26 Calculated
Shear Modulus 22,1 GPa
Dysprosium
Hardness, Vickers 44
Tensile Strength, Ultimate 246 MPa
Tensile Strength, Yield 225 MPa
Elongation at Break 30%
Modulus of Elasticity 61,4 GPa in tension
Bulk Modulus 40,5 GPa
Poisson's Ratio 0,237
Shear Modulus 24,7 GPa
Holmium
Hardness, Vickers 46
Tensile Strength, Ultimate 259 MPa
Tensile Strength, Yield 221 MPa
Modulus of Elasticity 64,8 GPa in tension
Bulk Modulus 40,2 GPa
Poisson's Ratio 0,231
Shear Modulus 26,3 GPa
Erbium
Hardness, Vickers 42
Tensile Strength, Ultimate 136 MPa
Tensile Strength, Yield 60 MPa
Elongation at Break 11,5%
Reduction of Area 11,9%
Modulus of Elasticity 69,9 GPa in tension
Bulk Modulus 44,4 GPa
Poisson's Ratio 0,237
Shear Modulus 28,3 GPa
Thulium
Hardness, Vickers 48
Tensile Strength, Ultimate 140 MPa
Tensile Strength, Yield 60 MPa
Elongation at Break 12%
Modulus of Elasticity 74 GPain tension
Bulk Modulus 44,5 GPa
Poisson's Ratio 0,213
Shear Modulus 30,5 GPa
Ytterbium
Hardness, Vickers 17
Tensile Strength, Ultimate 72 MPa
Tensile Strength, Yield 66 MPa
Elongation at Break 43%
Modulus of Elasticity 23,7 GPa in tension
Bulk Modulus 30,5 GPa
Poisson's Ratio 0,207
Shear Modulus 9,9 GPa
Lutetium
Hardness, Vickers 44
Tensile Strength, Ultimate 140 MPa
Tensile Strength, Yield 60 MPa
Elongation at Break 12%
Modulus of Elasticity 68,6 GPa in tension
Bulk Modulus 47,6 GPa
Poisson's Ratio 0,261
Shear Modulus 27,2 GPa
Hafnium (Rod)
Tensile Strength, Ultimate 485 MPa
Tensile Strength, Yield 240 MPa
Elongation at Break 25%
Hafnium (Plate)
Tensile Strength, Ultimate 450 MPa Longitudinal
Tensile Strength, Ultimate 470 MPa Transverse
Tensile Strength, Yield 195 MPa Longitudinal
Tensile Strength, Yield 310 MPa Transverse
Elongation at Break 25% Longitudinal or Transverse
Hafnium (Strip)
Tensile Strength, Ultimate 450 MPa Longitudinal or Transverse
Tensile Strength, Yield 170 MPa Longitudinal
Tensile Strength, Yield 275 MPa Transverse
Elongation at Break 30% Longitudinal or Transverse
Tantalum (Annealed)
Hardness, Brinell 95 Converted from Vickers for 3000 kg load/10 mm ball Brinell test
Hardness, Rockwell A 35 Converted from Vickers
Hardness, Rockwell B 51 Converted from Vickers
Hardness, Vickers 100
Tensile Strength, Ultimate 450 MPa
Modulus of Elasticity 186 GPa
Poisson's Ratio 0,35
Fatigue Strength 230 MPa 50,000,000 cycles, E-beam melted sample; rotating beam test,
Shear Modulus 69 GPa
Tantalum (Cold Worked)
Hardness, Brinell 195 Converted from Vickers for 3000 kg load/10 mm ball Brinell test
Hardness, Rockwell A 56 Converted from Vickers
Hardness, Rockwell B 92 Converted from Vickers
Hardness, Rockwell C 12 Converted from Vickers
Hardness, Vickers 200
Tensile Strength, Ultimate 900 MPa
Tungsten
Hardness, Brinell 294 Estimated from Vickers
Hardness, Knoop 318 Estimated from Vickers
Hardness, Rockwell A 66 Estimated from Vickers
Hardness, Rockwell C 31 Estimated from Vickers
Hardness, Vickers 310
Tensile Strength, Ultimate 980 MPa
Tensile Strength, Yield 750 MPa 0,2% Offset
Modulus of Elasticity 400 GPa
Poisson's Ratio 0,28
Shear Modulus 175 GPa Calculated
Shear Strength 400 MPa Average value for W blanks
Tungsten (drawn wire)
Hardness, Brinell 444 Converted from Vickers for 3000 kg load/10 mm ball Brinell test Drawn and annealed
Hardness, Knoop 505 Estimated from Vickers,
Hardness, Rockwell A 74 Drawn and annealed
Hardness, Rockwell C 47 Drawn and annealed
Hardness, Vickers 480 Drawn and annealed
Tensile Strength, Yield 450 MPa
Rhenium (Annealed)
Hardness, Brinell 165 Converted from Vickers for 3000 kg load/10 mm ball Brinell test
Hardness, Rockwell A 52 Converted from Vickers
Hardness, Rockwell B 85 Converted from Vickers
Hardness, Rockwell C 3 Value below normal HRC range, for comparison only
Hardness, Vickers 170
Tensile Strength, Ultimate 1070 MPa Value at 800°C is 620 MPa, Value at 1200°C is 410 MPa
Tensile Strength, Yield 290 MPa
Elongation at Break 15–25%
Modulus of Elasticity 469 GPa
Poisson's Ratio 0,296
Shear Modulus 176 GPa
Rhenium (Deformed)
Hardness, Brinell 500 Converted from Vickers for 3000 kg load/10 mm ball Brinell test
Hardness, Rockwell A 76 Converted from Vickers
Hardness, Rockwell C 50 Converted from Vickers
Hardness, Vickers 550 15% Cold-Worked
Tensile Strength, Ultimate 2100 MPa
Elongation at Break 1–3%
Modulus of Elasticity 460 GPa
Osmium (Annealed)
Hardness, Brinell 293 Converted from Vickers for 3000 kg load/10 mm ball Brinell test
Hardness, Rockwell A 66 Converted from Vickers
Hardness, Rockwell C 30 Converted from Vickers
Hardness, Vickers 300
Tensile Strength, Ultimate 1000 MPa
Modulus of Elasticity 560 GPa
Osmium (Cold-Worked)
Hardness, Brinell 580 Converted from Vickers for 3000 kg load/10 mm ball Brinell test
Hardness, Rockwell A 80
Hardness, Rockwell C 57
Hardness, Vickers 670
Osmium (Arc-Melted)
Hardness, Brinell 722 Converted from Vickers for 3000 kg load/10 mm ball Brinell test
Hardness, Knoop 822 Converted from Vickers
Hardness, Rockwell A 83,4 Converted from Vickers
Hardness, Rockwell C 64 Converted from Vickers
Hardness, Vickers 800
Iridium (Annealed)
Hardness, Brinell 352 Converted from Vickers for 3000 kg load/10 mm ball Brinell test
Hardness, Rockwell A 69
Hardness, Rockwell C 37
Hardness, Vickers 370
Tensile Strength, Ultimate 1000 MPa
Modulus of Elasticity 524 GPa
Poisson's Ratio 0,26
Shear Modulus 232 GPa Calculated
Iridium (Cold-Drawn)
Hardness, Brinell 565 Converted from Vickers for 3000 kg load/10 mm ball Brinell test
Hardness, Rockwell A 80
Hardness, Rockwell C 56
Hardness, Vickers 650
Tensile Strength, Ultimate 2000 MPa
Platinum (CP Grade, Annealed)
Hardness, Vickers 40
Tensile Strength, Ultimate 125–165 MPa
Elongation at Break 35% in 50 mm
Modulus of Elasticity 171 GPa static in tension
Poisson's Ratio 0,39
Shear Modulus 62 GPa Calculated value
Platinum (CP Grade, Hard Drawn–50% Cold Worked)
Hardness, Knoop 103 Estimated from Vickers,
Hardness, Rockwell B 49 Estimated from Vickers,
Hardness, Vickers 90
Tensile Strength, Ultimate 205–240 MPa
Elongation at Break 1–3% in 50 mm
Modulus of Elasticity 156 GPa static in tension
Shear Modulus 56 GPa Calculated value
Platinum (Thermocouple Quality, Annealed)
Tensile Strength, Ultimate 143 MPa
Gold
Hardness, Vickers 25
Tensile Strength, Ultimate 120 MPa Annealed
Elongation at Break 30%
Modulus of Elasticity 77,2 GPa 60% Cold Worked
Poisson's Ratio 0,42
Shear Modulus 32 GPa 60% Cold Worked; Calculated Value
Thallium
Hardness, Brinell 2
Hardness, Vickers 2
Tensile Strength, Ultimate 7,5 MPa
Elongation at Break 40% in 125 mm
Lead
Hardness, Brinell 4,2 Cast
Hardness, Vickers 5
Tensile Strength, Ultimate 18 MPa
Modulus of Elasticity 14 GPa
Poisson's Ratio 0,42
Bismuth
Hardness, Brinell 7
Modulus of Elasticity 31,7 GPa
Poisson's Ratio 0,33
Shear Modulus 14 GPa Calculated
Thorium
Hardness, Vickers 35–114 References report a wide range of values
Tensile Strength, Ultimate 200 MPa
Tensile Strength, Yield 144 MPa 0,2% offset
Elongation at Break 34%
Modulus of Elasticity 73,1 GPa
Compressive Yield Strength 200 MPa Approximately equal to tensile
Bulk Modulus 57,7 GPa
Poisson's Ratio 0,27
Fatigue Strength 97 MPa reversed bend test endurance limit
Shear Modulus 28 GPa
Protactinium
Bulk Modulus 157 GPa
Uranium (Cast)
Hardness, Brinell 185 Converted from Vickers for 3000 kg load/10 mm ball Brinell test Unspecified heat treatment
Hardness, Rockwell A 55 Unspecified heat treatment
Hardness, Rockwell B 90 Unspecified heat treatment
Hardness, Rockwell C 10 Unspecified heat treatment
Hardness, Vickers 190 Unspecified heat treatment
Tensile Strength, Ultimate 400 MPa
Tensile Strength, Yield 200 MPa
Elongation at Break 4%
Modulus of Elasticity 190 GPa
Poisson's Ratio 0,22
Shear Modulus 86 GPa Calculated
Uranium (Beta-Annealed)
Tensile Strength, Ultimate 615 MPa
Uranium (Wrought Α Phase)
Tensile Strength, Ultimate 1150 MPa
Tensile Strength, Yield 740 MPa
Elongation at Break 14%
Neptunium
Hardness, Vickers 346
Bulk Modulus 118 GPa
Shear Modulus 80 GPa
Plutonium
Hardness, Brinell 242 Converted from Vickers for 3000 kg load/10 mm ball Brinell test
Hardness, Rockwell A 62
Hardness, Rockwell C 22
Hardness, Vickers 250
Tensile Strength, Ultimate 400 MPa Cast α
Tensile Strength, Yield 275 MPa Cast α
Elongation at Break 0,2–0,5% Cast α
Modulus of Elasticity 96,5 GPa Cast
Compressive Yield Strength 415 MPa
Ultimate Compressive Strength 830 MPa
Poisson's Ratio 0,15–0,21
Fatigue Strength 90 MPa 100,000,000 cycles, rotating beam
Shear Modulus 45 GPa
Americium
Bulk Modulus 45 GPa
Curium
Bulk Modulus 37 GPa
Berkelium
Bulk Modulus 52 GPa
Californium
Bulk Modulus 50 GPa
Einsteinium
Bulk Modulus 15 GPa Estimated
Fermium
Bulk Modulus 15 GPa Estimated
Mineral Hardness (by Mohs) from
Г. В. Самсонов.Справочник "Свойства элементов".В 2 т. Москва, 1976 г.
| Symbol | Mohs HM |
| Li | 0,6 |
| Be | 5,5 |
| B | 9,3 |
| Diamond (С) | 10 |
| Na | 0,5 |
| Mg | 2,5 |
| Al | 2,75 |
| Si | 6,5 |
| S | 2 |
| K | 0,4 |
| Ca | 1,75 |
| Ti | 6 |
| V | 7 |
| Cr | 8,5 |
| Symbol | Mohs HM |
| Mn | 6 |
| Fe | 4 |
| Co | 5 |
| Ni | 4 |
| Cu | 3 |
| Zn | 2,5 |
| Ga | 1,5 |
| Ge | 6 |
| As | 3,5 |
| Se | 2 |
| Rb | 0,3 |
| Sr | 1,5 |
| Zr | 5 |
| Nb | 6 |
| Mo | 5,5 |
| Ru | 6,5 |
| Rh | 6 |
| Pd | 4,75 |
| Ag | 2,5 |
| Cd | 2 |
| In | 1,2 |
| Sn | 1,5 |
| Sb | 3 |
| Te | 2,25 |
| Cs | 0,2 |
| Ba | 1,25 |
| La | 2,5 |
| Ce | 2,5 |
| Hf | 5,5 |
| Ta | 6,5 |
| W | 7,5 |
| Re | 7 |
| Os | 7 |
| Ir | 6,5 |
| Pt | 3,5 |
| Au | 2,5 |
| Tl | 1,2 |
| Pb | 1,5 |
| Bi | 2,25 |
| Th | 3 |
| U | 6 |
