С методической точки зрения игры способствуют выполнению трех важных задач:
- созданию психологической готовности детей к речевому общению
- обеспечению естественной необходимости многократного повторения ими языкового материала.
- Тренировка учащихся в выборе нужного языкового варианта, что является подготовкой к ситуативной спонтанности речи.
Система коммуникативных упражнений представляет собой три вида упражнений:
- вопросно-ответные
- репликовые
- условную беседу
Вопросно-ответные вид упражнений считается одним из самых популярных в методике обучения устной иноязычной речи. Их коммуникативная цель — запрос информации. Вопросы всегда направлены на собеседника, побуждают к речевой реакции.
Репликовые упражнения подразделяются на:
А) утверждение-вопрос
- It takes me an hour to get to the lenir
- Do you live so for
Б) утверждение-утверждение
- Sometimes its very hot in summer
- Yes, it’s really very hot
В) утверждение-отрицание
- The Volga is the longest river in the Russia
- That isn’t correct
Репликовые упражнения не могут сформировать у учащихся умение вести беседу, участвовать в диалоге. Но они являются необходимым подспорьем в расширении лексической стороны обучения.
Условная беседа является аналогом свободной беседы – реального устноязычного общения.
Характерными особенностями свободной беседы являются:
1) запрос информации
2) информирование кого-либо о чем-либо.
Приложение
ИЛЛЮСТРАТИВНЫЙ МАТЕРИАЛ ДЛЯ ПРАКТИЧЕСКОГО ИСПОЛЬЗОВАНИЯ
А. ВОПРОСО-ОТВЕТНЫЕ УПРАЖНЕНИЯ (ПО ТЕМАМ)
Answer these questions. Give additional commentary to your answers wherever necessary.
Town
Do you know the town you live in very well? What number bus do you take when you go to the Zoo (Public Library, Central Stadium, etc.)? What kind of public transport do you like best? What is the usual interval between trains of the underground? From what time in the morning till what time at night do trams and buses run? Are the traffic rules in Britain different from those in other European countries? What are the traffic lights used for? What is the main street in your town? What are the most common expressions we use when asking our way? How long does it take you to get to the Stadium (Palace of Sports, Planetarium, Zoo, etc.)? Are there any conductors on buses and trams in Moscow (Kiev, etc.)? What are the Soviet cities with a population of over a million?
Time, Working Day
What time is it now? When do you get up? What do you do when you get up? When do you have your breakfast? How long does it take you to get to school? When do classes at school begin? How long does one lesson last? What do you do during the big (long) interval? When are classes over? What do you usually do after classes? When do you have your dinner? What do you do in the evening? When do you go to bed? What do you do on Sundays?
Meals
How many meals a day do you have? What do you call them? What time do you usually have lunch? Who cooks the meals in your family? What meal (dish) can you cook? What is your favourite dish? Why do you like it? Do you eat at school? What British customs in taking meals do you know? Do you keep to any kind of a diet? What kind of diet? Which course of the dinner do you like best, the first or the second?
Travelling
Which is the most convenient way of travelling? What is the first thing we do before starting on a trip? How often do you travel by railway (air, sea)? Do you like to travel? Where do we go to book tickets for a train (plane)? Can we boek them by telephone? Can we enjoy hot meals while on a train (ship, plane)? Do we book tickets for little children going with us? Why do you think a suitcase is not convenient when we go hiking? What do we take instead? Does your school arrange hiking tours in summer? What cities, towns and other places have you visited? What is the fare of a railway passage from Moscow to St. Petersburg (Sochi, etc.)?
Б. РЕПЛИКОВЫЕ УПРАЖНЕНИЯ (ПО ТЕМАМ)
1.Object to the statements given below. Correct them.
Town
The bus is the most modern kind of city transport. Trams are usually empty during the rush-hours. The main street of a town is usually found in its outskirts. There is an underground railway in every British town. The Thames divides London into two parts. The first words we use to ask about the way are,"Thank you. What's the time now?" Getting about the town in which you are for the first time is a simple thing.
Travelling
Tickets for planes are booked only at airports. Moscow has only one big airport. No meals are usually served on longdistance flights. Airports are usually near the centres of towns. Passengers are not allowed to smoke on the train when it leaves the station.
Meals
Sandwich is a hot meal which we eat at dinner for the first course. We have lunch in the evening before going to bed. Englishmen usually do not have porridge in the morning. Doctors usually recommend people to have heavy supper. If you want to reduce your weight (to become slim) you must eat a lot of bread. Tarts and cakes and fruit are usually served at the beginning of a meal.Pupils like chewing-gums, lolly-pops, chocolate
2. Express your surprise by asking a question.
Library, Reading Books
There are about two thousand books in my personal library.
1 have read the whole collection of works by Saitvkov-Shched-rin. I have seen a book which is as small as a rubber. I can read Japanese books. I can read a book of 500 pages within four hours. My father usually subscribes to 15 newspapers and magazines. I have never read" a single detective story.
Family
I have two sisters and four brothers. My brother has become a cosmonaut. My cousin Vasya who is fourteen has entered the university this year. When my elder brother Pete was four years old, he played the piano very well. My great grandfather is ninety-two years old.
3. Agree with these statements. Say something additional.
Weather, Climate
It is very cold today. The weather today is better than it was last night. The climate of Britain is mild. Winters are very frosty in our parts (region, locality). The Black Sea isusually free of ice in winter. Winters are very long in Norilsk. When it is raining we must wear raincoats. I like spring best of all. The climate of Siberia is more continental than that of the Ukraine.
Pastimes and Hobbies
Children are fond of computer games. Collecting books is a very useful hobby. There is a new hobby-group starting at our school — photography. There are six hobby-groups at our school headed by highly qualified instructors. Kate Gromova has a rather big collection of old coins. Riding a bicycle is my hobby. I usually spend evenings watching television. Our class went on a hiking trip last summer. Klim made a radio-set himself last week.
В. УПРАЖНЕНИЯ ТИПА УСЛОВНАЯ БЕСЕДА (ЭКСПОЗИЦИИ ПОТЕМАМ)
Let's talk a little. On hearing a statement each of you should say something. Follow the scheme of typical responses (exclamation, question, statement, request, suggestion, etc.).
Model: I am inviting you to my birthday party.
Exclamation: — Fine! Wonderful! Splendid! A good idea! How nice!
Question: — When will it be? Will it be at your place?
— How old will you be?
Statement: — I'm afraid, Pete (Jane, etc.}, I shan't be able to come as I'll be away on that day (Friday, Sunday, etc.}.
Suggestion: — Let's celebrate (mark) your birthday on ..., then everybody will be able to come.
Request: — Will you please tell me where you live? Please give me your telephone number. Please tell what number bus will take me to your street.
School Life
1. The pupils of our class have decided to set up the museum at our school.
2. Soon we shall have our own school video studio.
3. Next week our class will give a concert.
4. Alee S., a pupil of our school, will star in. a film about partisans, which is to be shot soon.
5. It takes me an hour to do my homework.
6. Kolya M. is absent from school again.
Family
1. We have moved to a new flat.
2. We have bought a new TV set (a car, automatic washing-machine).
3. My brother usually gets up at 5 a. m.
4. My uncle, a businessmen, usually works at the firms in Moscow late in summer.
5. I shall have to keep house now as Mother has gone to holiday home (on a tourist trip).
6. My younger brother says he wants to become an archite (a pilot, a waiter, a cattle-breeder, a cosmonaut).
7. The people v/ho live in our house are interesting people.
Pastimes, Hobbies, Recreation
1. The Drama Theatre is preparing a new play.
2. A new film will be shown tomorrow.
3. A film in 15 parts will be shown on TV.
4. Father says he has subscribed to the collected works Walter Scott.
5. Among other publications I generally subscribe to Yuno.
6. My friend has a very good collection.
7. I collect badges (envelopes, match-boxes, etc.).
8. We plan to spend our summer holidays travelling down t river.
9. We shall go to the country.
Sports
1. I go in for sports.
2. I'm going to visit the Luzhniki Palace of Sport.
3. The volley-ball team will take part in the competition.
4. Leonid K., the centre forward of the football team, has su denly fallen ill.
5. Kate D. has shown a very good result.
Weather, Seasons
1. The weather forecast says the weather will change next we(
2. I like winter (summer, etc.) best of all.
3. Many writers and poets like autumn.
ПРИЛОЖЕНИЕ
ИЛЛЮСТРАТИВНЫЙ МАТЕРИАЛ ДЛЯ ПРАКТИЧЕСКОГО ИСПОЛЬЗОВАНИЯ НА УРОКЕ.
Interview a public man or a prominent specialist following the information programme given in the card.
Карточка №1
Ваш интервьюируемый: известный кинорежиссер.
Получите информацию о том, какие фильмы он снял, над чем работает сейчас, в каких кинофестивалях участвовал, какие планы на будущее, на какой студии работает, с какими актерами.
Guide words: film director, to shoot a film, actor (actress), film studio, International Film Festival, plans for the future
Карточка №2
Ваш интервьюируемый: художник
Получите информацию о жанре, в котором он работает, о выставках, в которых участвовал, о тематике его произведений, о творческих планах.
Guide words: painter, artist, still life, portrait-painting, landscape, battle painting, exhibition
Карточка №3
Ваш интервьюируемый: космонавт
Получите информацию о полете, в котором он участвовал, характере подготовки к нему, об основных целях исследования космического пространства, об успехах советской космонавтики, о планах на будущее.
Guide words:cosmonaut, space flight, to put a spaceship into orbit, to dock, space laboratory.
Карточка №6
Ваш интервьюируемый: народный депутат местного совета
Получите информацию о реализации генерального плана строительства города (поселка), о жилищном и культурном строительстве, о бытовом обслуживании, о городском транспорте, торговле
Guide words: people’s deputy of the local Soviet, housing programmer, personal service establishments, public transport
Карточка №8
Ваш интервьюируемый: спортсмен-рекордсмен
Получите информацию о виде спорта в котором он достиг отличных результатов, о методике тренировок, о соревнованиях в которых участвовал, о личных планах, о личной жизни
Guide words:sportsmen, coach, to train, championship, to set up a record, to beat ( to break) a record
Карточка №9
Ваш интервьюируемый: учитель английского языка, возвратившийся из турпоездки по Великобритании
Получите информацию о маршруте поездки, увиденных достопримечательностях, встречах с простыми англичанами, общих впечатлениях о стране, об интересных случаях, происшедших во время поездки.
Guide words: a tour of Britain, itinerary, places of interest, meeting with common people, general impression of the country, curios incident
1. Make up statements using these elementary situations.
Telephone
1. You ring up to your friend. An unknown voice answers,
"Hello!" You Say-
2, Someone on the phone says you have dialled the wrong
number. You say —
3. Your telephone rings. You pick up the receiver. Someone addresses you and goes on speaking and you still don't know who that person is. You say —
4. The secretary of the person to whom you want to speak over the telephone says he (she) is out. You say —
Travelling
1. The first thing you did when the plane landed was to phone to your parents. You said —
2. Your friend has a ticket for this evening fast train to St. Petersburg. He says —
3. A woman with two little children has just entered the hall of the airport. Her plane landed 20 minutes ago. She is looking for someone. You think —
4. The plane has just taken off. You look through the window. The houses and people and cars on the road seem very small. You say —
Pastimes, Hobbies
Model: Gleb has been collecting match-boxes for 3 years. Now he says he'll go in for skiing. I think —
I think he is sick and tired of collecting. Skiing, probably, seems more healthy to him.
1. Dima was fond of riding on bicycles. He changed three of them. Now he has broken his last bicycle and says he is not going to have a new one. I think —
2. Kate was crazy about dancing. She would dance almost every day. Now I never see her at a dance. I think —
3. My cousin's hobby was writing postcards. She wrote hundreds of them. Now I hardly receive one from her in a year. I think —
Miscellanies
1. You have got an invitation to a party tomorrow. But you must be at another place at the same time. You say —
2. The teacher asks you to read a word written on the blackboard. But the letters seem too small. You say—
3. Someone asks: "How about a game of chess?" You don't know the rules. You say 4. A foreigner is trying to say something. You don't know his language. You say —
5. You are not sure about the topic you had to learn for today. The teacher might ask you. The bell rings and it's the end of the lesson. You say —