20. Пассов Е.И. Методология методики: теория и опыт применения (Избранное). Липецк: РИЦ ЛГПУ, 2002(г) – 228 с.
21. Пумпянский А. Л. Введение в практику перевода научной и технической литературы на английский язык.-2-ое, дополненное изд. М.: Наука, 1981. – 343 с.
22. Рецкер Я. И. Теория перевода и переводческая практика. Очерки лингвистической теории перевода. М.: Р.Валент, 2004. – 240 с.
23. Рубцова М. Г. Чтение и перевод английской научно-технической литературы: Лексико-грамматический справочник.М.: АСТ, 2002. – 384 с.
24. Сдобников В. В., Петрова О.В. Теория перевода: Учебник для студентов лингвист. вузов. М.: АСТ; Восток-Запад, 2006. – 448 с.
25. Федоров А.В. Основы общей теории перевода (лингвистические проблемы). Учебное пособие.- СПб.: СПбГУ, ФИЛОЛОГИЯ ТРИ, 2002. – 416 с.
26. Цыпышева М. Е. Читаем, переводим: Английские научные тексты/РАН Каф. иностр. яз., Отв. ред.: Е. А. Рейман.-СПб.: Наука,1996. – 302 с.
27. Чужакин А.П. Мир перевода-6. Трудности перевода в примерах. М.: Р.Валент, 2001. – 64 с.
28. Algeo J. British or American English? A Handbook of Word and Grammar Patterns. Studies in English Language. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2006.
29. Alexander L.G. Longman English grammar. UK: Longman Group Limited, 2003. – 374p.
30. Celce-Murcia M., Larsen-Freeman D. The grammar Book: Teacher’s course. Boston: Heinle&Heinle Publishers, 1999. – 854 p.
31. Greenbaum S., Quirk R. A Student’s Grammar of the English Language. Longman, 1993. – 490 p.
32. Hewings M. Advanced grammar in use. UK: Cambrige University Press, 2005. – 300 p.
33. Leech G., Svartvik J. A Communicative Grammar of English. Longman, 1993. – 324 p.
34. Murphy R. Grammar in use. UK: Cambrige University Press, 1998. – 350 p.
35. Phillips D. Longman complete course for the TOEFL test: Preparation for the computer and paper tests. NY: A Pearson education, 2001. – 680 p.
36. One language, two grammars? Differences between British and American English / Edited by G.ROHDENBURG and J.SCHLÜTER Cambridge University Press, 2009. – 462 p.
37. Swan M. Practical English Usage. М.: Высшая школа, 1984. – 552 p.
38. Thomson A.J., Martinet A.V. A Practical English Grammar. Oxford University Press, 1987(a). – 383 p.
39. Thomson A.J., Martinet A.V. A Practical English Grammar. Exercises 1. Oxford University Press, 1987(б). – 181 p.
40. Thomson A.J., Martinet A.V. A Practical English Grammar. Exercises 2. Oxford University Press, 1987(в). – 199 p.
41. Quirk R., Greenbaum S., Leech., Svartvik J. A Comprehensive Grammar of the English Language. Longman, 1991. – 1779 p.
Список словарейи энциклопедий
42. Нелюбин Л.Л. Толковый переводоведческий словарь. – 3–е изд., перераб. М.: Флинта. Наука, 2003. – 320с. [НТПС]
43. Палажченко П.Р. Мой несистематический словарь (Из записной книжки переводчика). М.: Р.Валент, 2004. – 304с. [ПМНС]
44. Longman Dictionary of American English. Longman, 2009. – 1200 p. [LDAE]
45. The Newbury House Dictionary of American English Boston, MA: Heinle & Heinle, 1999. With CD-ROM. [NHDAE]
46. Gaines B.K. Idiomatic American English. Kodansha International, 2006. – 115 p. [GIAE]
Список Интернет-источников
47. http://www.wordnik.com/
48. http://www.yourdictionary.com/
49. http://www.macmillandictionary.com/
50. http://www.perevod-nglu.ru
Таблица 1Сводная таблица грамматик английского языка зарубежных авторов
| тема | Thomson & Martinet | L.G.Alexander | R.Murphy | Celcia Murcia | Martin Hewings | TOEFL DeboraPhillips |
| 1. Articles and one, a little/few, this, that | ||||||
| a/an (the indefinite article) | + | + | + | + | + | + |
| use of a/an | + | + | + | + | + | + |
| omission of a/an | + | + | + | + | ||
| a/an and one | + | + | + | |||
| a little/a few and little/few | + | + | + | + | ||
| the (indefinite article) | + | + | + | + | + | + |
| omission of the | + | + | + | + | + | |
| omission of the before home etc | + | + | + | + | + | |
| this/these, that/those | + | + | + | |||
| zero article | + | + | + | + | + | |
| 2. Nouns | ||||||
| Kinds and function | + | + | + | + | + | |
| Gender | + | + | + | + | ||
| Plurals | + | + | + | + | + | + |
| Uncounable nouns | + | + | + | + | + | + |
| Form of possesive case | + | + | + | + | + | |
| Use of possessive case etc. | + | + | + | + | + | |
| Compound nouns | + | + | + | + | + | |
| 3. Adjectives | ||||||
| Kinds of adjectives | + | + | + | + | + | |
| Position of adjectives | + | + | + | + | + | |
| Order of adjectives of quality | + | + | + | + | + | |
| Comparison | + | + | + | + | + | + |
| Constructions with comparisons | + | + | + | + | ||
| than/as + pronoun +auxiliary | + | + | + | + | + | |
| the + adjective | + | + | + | + | + | + |
| Adjectives + one/ones etc. | + | + | + | |||
| many and much | + | + | + | + | ||
| Adjectives + infinitives | + | + | + | + | ||
| Adjectives + various constructions | + | + | + | + | + | + |
| 4. Adverbs | ||||||
| Kinds of adverbs | + | + | + | + | + | |
| Form and use | + | + | + | + | + | |
| Formation of adverbs with ly | + | + | + | + | + | + |
| Adverbs and adjectives with the same form | + | + | + | + | + | + |
| Comparative and superlative | + | + | + | + | + | |
| far, farther/farthest etc. | + | + | + | |||
| much, more, most | + | + | + | + | ||
| Constructions with comparisons | + | + | + | + | + | |
| Position | + | + | + | + | + | + |
| Adverbs of manner | + | + | + | + | + | |
| Adverbs of place | + | + | + | + | + | |
| Adverbs of time | + | + | + | + | + | |
| Adverbs of frequency | + | + | + | + | ||
| Order of adverbs | + | + | + | |||
| Sentence adverbs | + | + | + | + | + | |
| Adverbs of degree | + | + | + | + | + | |
| fairly, rather, quite, hardly etc. | + | + | ||||
| fairly and ratherЫ | + | + | ||||
| quite | + | + | ||||
| hardly, scarcely, barely | + | + | ||||
| Inversion of the verb | + | + | + | |||
| Inversion after certain adverbs | + | + | + | + | ||
| 5. all, each, every, both, neither, either, some, any, no, none | ||||||
| all, each, every, everyne etc. | + | + | + | + | + | |
| both | + | + | + | + | + | + |
| all/both/each + of etc. | + | + | + | + | ||
| neither, either | + | + | + | + | + | + |
| some, any, no and none | + | + | + | + | + | |
| someone, anyone, no one etc. | + | + | + | + | + | |
| else after someone/anybody etc. | + | + | + | + | ||
| another, other etc. with one, some | + | + | + | + | ||
| 6. Interrogatives: wh-? Words and how? | ||||||
| Interrogative adjectives and pronouns | + | + | + | |||
| Affirmative verb after who etc. | + | + | + | |||
| who, whom, whose, which, what | + | + | + | + | + | + |
| who, whom, which and what as objects of prepositions | + | + | + | + | + | |
| Uses of what | + | + | + | + | ||
| which compared with who, what | + | + | + | + | ||
| Interrogative adverbs: why, when, where, how | + | + | + | + | + | |
| ever after who, what etc. | + | + | + | + | ||
| Yes/no questions vs. Wh-questions | + | |||||
| 7. Possessives, personal and reflexive pronouns: my, mine, I, myself etc. | ||||||
| Possessive adjectives and pronouns | + | + | + | + | ||
| Agreement and use of possessive adjectives | + | + | + | |||
| Possessive pronouns replacing possessive adjectives + nouns | + | + | + | |||
| Personal pronouns | + | + | + | + | ||
| Position of pronoun objects | + | + | + | + | ||
| Use of it | + | + | + | + | ||
| Indefinite pronouns | + | + | + | |||
| Use of they/them/their with neither/either, someone etc. | + | + | + | + | ||
| Reflexive pronouns | + | + | + | + | + | |
| Emphasizing pronouns | + | + | + | |||
| 8. Relative pronouns and clauses | ||||||
| Defining relative clauses | + | + | + | + | ||
| Relative pronouns used in defining clauses | + | + | + | + | + | |
| Defining clauses: persons | + | + | + | + | ||
| Defining clauses: things | + | + | + | |||
| Cleft sentences | + | + | + | |||
| Relative clause replaced by infinitive or participle | + | + | ||||
| Non-defining relative clauses | + | + | + | + | ||
| Non-defining clauses: persons | + | + | + | |||
| all, both, few, most, several etc. + of + whom/which | + | + | + | |||
| Non-defining clauses: things | + | + | + | |||
| Connective relative clauses | + | + | + | |||
| what (relative pronoun) and which (connective relative) | + | + | + | |||
| Commas in relative clauses | + | + | + | + | ||
| whoever, whichever etc. | + | + | ||||
| 9. Prepositions | ||||||
| Alternative position | + | + | ||||
| Omission of to and for before indirect objects | + | + | ||||
| Use and omission of to with verbs of communication | + | + | ||||
| Time and date: at, on, by etc. | + | + | + | + | + | |
| Time: from, since, for etc. | + | + | + | + | + | |
| Time: to, till/until, after, afterwards (adverb) | + | + | + | + | + | |
| Travel and movement: from, to, at, in, by, on, into etc. | + | + | + | + | + | |
| at, in, into, on, onto | + | + | + | + | + | |
| above, over, under etc. | + | + | + | + | ||
| prepositions used with adjectives and participles | + | + | + | + | ||
| Verbs and prepositions | + | + | + | + | + | + |
| Gerunds after prepositions | + | + | + | + | + | |
| Prepositions/adverbs | + | + | ||||
| 10. Introduction to verbs | ||||||
| Classes of verbs | + | + | + | + | ||
| Ordinary verbs | + | + | + | + | ||
| Principal parts | + | + | + | + | ||
| Active tenses | + | + | + | + | ||
| Negatives of tenses | + | + | + | + | ||
| Interrogative for questions and requests | + | + | + | + | + | |
| Negative interrogative | + | + | + | + | ||
| Auxiliary verbs | + | + | + | |||
| Auxiliaries and modals | + | + | + | |||
| Forms and patterns | + | + | + | |||
| Use of auxiliaries in short answers, agreements etc. | + | + | + | + | ||
| In short answers | + | + | + | + | ||
| Agreements and disagreements | + | + | + | |||
| Questions tags | + | + | + | + | + | |
| Comment tags | + | + | ||||
| Additions to remarks | + | + | ||||
| 11. be, have, do | ||||||
| be as an auxiliary verb | + | + | + | + | + | |
| Form and use | + | + | + | |||
| be + infinitive | + | + | + | + | ||
| be as an ordinary verb | + | + | + | |||
| be to denote existence, be + adjective | + | + | + | |||
| there is/are/was/were etc. | + | + | + | + | ||
| it is and there is compared | + | + | ||||
| have as an auxiliary verb | + | + | + | + | + | |
| Form and use | + | + | + | |||
| have + object + past participle | + | + | + | |||
| had better + bare infinitive | + | + | + | + | ||
| have + object + present participle | + | + | + | |||
| have as an ordinary verb | + | + | + | + | ||
| have meaning 'possess' and 'suffer (from) pain/illness/disability' | + | + | + | |||
| have meaning 'take', 'give' | + | + | ||||
| do | + | + | + | + | ||
| Form | + | + | + | + | ||
| do used as an auxiliary | + | + | + | + | ||
| do used as an ordinary verb | + | + | + | + | ||
| 12. may and can for permission and possibility | ||||||
| Permission | + | + | + | |||
| may for permission: forms | + | + | + | + | ||
| can for permission: forms | + | + | + | + | ||
| may and can used for permission in the present or future | + | + | + | + | ||
| could or was/were allowed to for permission in the past | + | + | + | + | ||
| Requests for permission | + | + | + | |||
| Possibility | + | + | + | |||
| may/might for possibiluty | + | + | + | + | ||
| may/might + perfect infinitive | + | + | + | + | ||
| could or may/might | + | + | + | + | ||
| can for possibility | + | + | + | + | ||
| 13. can and be able for ability | ||||||
| can and be able: forms | + | + | + | + | ||
| can/am able, could/was able | + | + | + | + | ||
| could + perfect infinitive | + | + | + | + | ||
| 14. ought, should, must, have to, need for obligation | ||||||
| ought: forms | + | + | + | |||
| should: forms | + | + | + | + | ||
| ought/should compared to must and have to | + | + | + | |||
| ought/should with the continuous infinitive | + | + | + | |||
| ought/should with the perfect infinitive | + | + | + | + | ||
| must and have to: forms | + | + | + | + | ||
| must and have to: difference | + | + | + | + | ||
| need not and must not in the present and future | + | + | + | |||
| need: forms | + | + | + | |||
| Absence of obligation | + | + | + | |||
| need not and other forms | + | + | + | |||
| must, have to and need in the interrogative | + | + | + | |||
| needn't + perfect infinitive | + | + | + | |||
| needn't have (done) and didn't have/need (to do) | + | + | + | |||
| needn't, could and should + perfect infinitive | + | + | + | + | ||
| to need meaning 'require' | + | + | + | |||
| 15. must, have, will and should for deduction and assumption | + | |||||
| must for deduction | + | + | + | + | + | |
| must compared to may/might | + | + | + | + | ||
| have/had for deduction | + | + | + | + | + | |
| can't and couldn't used for negative deduction | + | + | + | + | ||
| will and should: assumption | + | + | + | + | + | |
| 16. The auxiliaries dare and used | ||||||
| dare | + | + | + | |||
| used | + | + | + | + | + | |
| to be/become/get used to | + | + | ||||
| 17. The present tenses | ||||||
| The present continious | + | + | + | + | ||
| Form | + | + | + | + | + | |
| Present participle: spelling | + | |||||
| Uses | + | + | + | + | + | |
| Other possible uses | + | + | + | |||
| Verbs not normally use | + | + | ||||
| feel, look, smell and taste | + | - | ||||
| see and hear | + | - | ||||
| think, assume and expect | + | - | ||||
| The simple present tense | + | + | + | + | + | |
| Form | + | + | + | + | + | |
| Used for habutial action | + | + | + | + | + | |
| Other uses | + | + | + | + | ||
| 18. The past and perfect tenses | ||||||
| The simple past tense | + | + | + | + | + | |
| Form | + | + | + | + | + | |
| Irregular verbs: form | + | + | + | + | ||
| Use for past events | + | + | + | + | + | |
| The past continious tense | + | + | + | + | + | |
| Form | + | + | + | + | + | |
| Main uses | + | + | + | + | + | |
| Other uses | + | + | + | + | ||
| Past continious or simple past | + | + | + | + | ||
| The present perfect tense | + | + | + | + | + | |
| Form and use | + | + | + | + | ||
| Use with just | + | + | + | |||
| Past actions: indefinite time | + | + | + | + | + | |
| Actions in an incomplete period | + | + | + | + | ||
| Actions lasting throughout an incomplete period | + | + | + | + | ||
| Use with for and since | + | + | + | + | + | |
| it is + period+ since + past or prefect tense | + | + | + | |||
| Present perfect and simple past | + | + | + | + | + | |
| The present perfect continious tense | + | + | + | + | + | |
| Form | + | + | + | + | + | |
| Use | + | + | + | + | + | |
| Comparison of the present perfect simple and continious | + | + | + | + | + | |
| Some more examples | + | + | + | |||
| The past perfect tense | + | + | + | + | + | |
| Form and use | + | + | + | + | ||
| In time clauses | + | + | + | |||
| In indirect speech | + | + | + | + | ||
| The past perfect continious tense | + | + | + | + | + | |
| Form and use | + | + | + | + | ||
| 19. The future | ||||||
| Future forms | + | + | + | + | ||
| The simple present | + | + | + | + | ||
| Future with intention | + | + | + | + | + | |
| will + infinitive | + | + | + | + | + | + |
| The present continious | + | + | + | + | + | |
| The be going to form | + | + | + | + | + | |
| be going to and will + infinitive to express intention | + | + | + | + | + | |
| be going to used for prediction | + | + | + | + | + | |
| The future simple | + | + | + | + | ||
| First person will and shall | + | + | + | + | ||
| Uses of the future simple | + | + | + | + | ||
| will contrasted with want/wish/would like | + | + | + | + | ||
| the future continuous tense | + | + | + | + | ||
| The future continious used as an ordinary continious tense | + | + | + | + | ||
| The future continious used to express future without intention | + | + | + | + | ||
| The future continious and will + infinitive compared | + | + | + | + | ||
| Various future forms | + | + | + | |||
| The future perfect and the future perfect continious | + | + | + | + | ||
| 20. The sequence | ||||||
| Subordinate clauses | + | + | ||||
| The sequence of tenses | + | + | + | |||
| 21. The conditional | ||||||
| The conditional tenses | + | + | + | |||
| The present conditional tense | + | + | + | |||
| The perfect conditional tense | + | + | + | |||
| Conditional sentences | + | + | + | + | ||
| Conditional sentences type 1 | + | + | + | + | + | |
| Conditional sentences type 2 | + | + | + | + | + | |
| Conditional sentences type 3 | + | + | + | + | + | |
| Conditional sentences: mixed, implied | + | + | ||||
| will/would and should | + | + | + | + | ||
| if + were and inversion | + | + | + | |||
| if, even if, whether, unless, but for, otherwise etc. | + | + | + | + | + | |
| if and in case | + | + | + | + | ||
| if only | + | + | + | |||
| In indirect speech | + | + | + | |||
| 22. Oher uses of will/would, shall/should | ||||||
| Habits expessed by will, would | + | + | + | |||
| should/would think + that-clause or so/not | + | + | + | |||
| would for past intention | + | + | + | + | ||
| shall I/we? | + | + | + | |||
| shall: second and third persons | + | + | + | |||
| that… should | + | + | + | |||
| it is/was + adjective + that…should | + | + | + | |||
| Other uses of should | + | + | + | |||
| 23. The infinitive | ||||||
| Form | + | + | + | + | ||
| Uses of the infinitive | + | + | + | |||
| The infinitive as subject | + | + | + | |||
| As object or complement | + | + | ||||
| Verb + how/what etc. + infinitive | + | + | + | |||
| Infinitive after verb or verb + subject | + | + | + | + | ||
| Infinitive after verb + object | + | + | ||||
| Infinitive after verbs of knowing and thinking etc. | + | + | + | + | ||
| The bare infinitive | + | + | + | |||
| Infinitive represented by to | + | + | ||||
| Split infinitives | + | + | ||||
| Infintive as connective link | + | + | ||||
| Infinitive used to replace a relative clause | + | + | + | |||
| Infinitive after certain nouns | + | + | ||||
| After too, enough, so… as | + | + | + | |||
| Infinitive phrases | + | + | + | |||
| The continuous infinitive | + | + | + | |||
| The perfect infinitive | + | + | + | |||
| Perfect infinitive continuous | + | + | + | |||
| 24. The gerund | ||||||
| Form and use | + | + | + | |||
| The gerund as subject | + | + | + | |||
| Gerunds after prepositions | + | + | + | + | ||
| The word to | + | + | ||||
| Verbs followed by the gerund | + | + | + | |||
| Verbs + possessive adjective/pronoun object + gerund | + | + | ||||
| The verb mind | + | + | + | |||
| The perfect gerund | + | + | + | |||
| The passive gerund | + | + | ||||
| 25. Infinitive and gerund constructions | ||||||
| Verbs + infinitive or gerund | + | + | + | + | + | |
| Verbs + infinitive or gerund without change of meaning | + | + | + | |||
| regret, remember, forget | + | + | ||||
| agree/agree to, mean, propose | + | |||||
| go on, stop, try, used (to) | + | + | ||||
| be afraid (of), be sorry (for), be ashamed (of) | + | |||||
| 26. The participles | ||||||
| Present (or active) participle | + | + | + | + | ||
| After verbs of sensation | + | + | + | |||
| catch, find, leave + object + present participle | + | + | ||||
| go, come, spend, waste etc. | + | + | + | |||
| A present participle phrase replacing a main clause | + | + | + | |||
| A present participle phrase replacing a subordinate clause | + | + | + | |||
| Perfect participle (active) | + | + | + | |||
| Perfect participle (passive) and perfect participle (passive) | + | + | ||||
| Misrelated participles | + | + | ||||
| 27. Commands, requests, invitations, advice, suggestions | ||||||
| The inperative for commands | + | + | + | |||
| Other ways of expressing commands | + | + | + | |||
| Requests with can/could/may/might I/we | + | + | + | |||
| Request with could/will/would you etc. | + | + | + | |||
| Requests with might | + | + | + | |||
| Invitations | + | + | + | |||
| Advice forms | + | + | + | |||
| Advice with may/might as well + infinitive | + | + | + | |||
| Suggestions | + | + | + | |||
| 28. The subjunctive | ||||||
| Form | + | + | + | + | ||
| Use of the present subjunctive | + | + | + | |||
| as if etc. + past subjunctive | + | + | + | + | ||
| it is time etc. + past subjunctive | + | + | + | |||
| 29. care, like, love, hate, prefer, with | ||||||
| care and like | + | + | ||||
| care, like, love, hate, prefer | + | + | ||||
| would like and want | + | + | + | |||
| would rather/sooner and prefer/would prefer | + | + | + | + | ||
| More examples of preference | + | + | + | |||
| wish, want and would like | + | + | + | |||
| wish + subject + unreal past | + | + | + | |||
| wish (that) + subject + would | + | + | + | |||
| 30. The passive voice | ||||||
| Form | + | + | + | + | + | + |
| Active and passive equivalents | + | + | + | + | + | + |
| Uses of the passive | + | + | + | + | + | |
| Prepositions with passive verbs | + | + | + | + | ||
| Infinitive constructions after passive verbs | + | + | + | + | + | |
| A middle voice | + | |||||
| A complex passive | + | |||||
| 31. Indirect speech | ||||||
| Direct and indirect speech | + | + | + | + | + | |
| Statements in indirect speech: tense changes necessary | + | + | + | + | + | |
| Past tenses | + | + | + | + | ||
| Unreal past tenses | + | + | + | + | + | |
| might, ought to, should, would, used to in indirect statements | + | + | + | + | ||
| could in indirect statements | + | + | + | + | ||
| Pronoun and adjective | + | + | + | |||
| Expressions of time and place | + | + | + | |||
| Infinitive and gerund | + | + | ||||
| say, tell etc. | + | + | + | + | + | |
| Questions in indirect speech | + | + | + | + | ||
| Questions beginning shall I/we? | + | + | + | |||
| Questions beginning will you/would you/could you? | + | + | + | |||
| Commands, requests, advice | + | + | + | + | + | |
| Other ways of expressing indirect commands | + | + | + | + | ||
| let's, let us, let him/them | + | + | + | + | ||
| Exclamations and yes and no | + | + | + | + | ||
| Indirect speech: mixe types | + | + | + | |||
| must and needn't | + | + | + | |||
| 32. Conjunctions | ||||||
| Co-ordinating conjunctions | + | + | + | + | ||
| besides, so, still, yet etc. | + | + | + | + | ||
| Subordinating conjunctions | + | + | + | + | ||
| though/although, in spite of, despite | + | + | + | + | + | |
| for and because | + | + | + | + | + | |
| when, while, as to express time | + | + | + | + | + | |
| as meaning when/while or because/since | + | + | + | + | + | |
| as, when, while used to mean although, but, seeing that | + | + | + | + | ||
| 33. Purpose | ||||||
| Purpose expressed by infinitive | + | + | + | + | + | |
| Infinitives after go and come | + | + | + | |||
| Clauses of purpose | + | + | + | + | ||
| in case and lest | + | + | ||||
| 34. Clauses of reason, result, concession, comparison, time | ||||||
| Reason and result/cause | + | + | + | + | + | + |
| Result with such/so…that | + | + | + | + | ||
| Clauses of concession | + | + | + | + | ||
| Clauses of comparison | + | + | + | + | + | |
| Time clauses | + | + | + | + | + | |
| 35. Noun clauses | ||||||
| Noun clauses as subject | + | + | + | |||
| that-clauses after certain adjectives/participles | + | + | + | + | ||
| that-clauses after nouns | + | + | + | |||
| Noun clauses as objects | + | + | + | + | ||
| so and not representin a that-clause | + | + | ||||
| 36. Numerals, dates, and weights and measures | ||||||
| Cardinal numbers | + | + | ||||
| Points about cardinal numbers | + | + | ||||
| Ordinal numbers | + | + | ||||
| Points about ordinal numbers | + | |||||
| Dates | + | + | ||||
| Weights, length, liquids | + | + | ||||
| 37. Spelling rules | ||||||
| Introduction | + | |||||
| Doubling the consonant | + | |||||
| Omission of the final e | + | |||||
| Words ending in ce and ge | + | |||||
| The suffix ful | + | |||||
| Words ending in y | + | |||||
| ie and ei | + | |||||
| Hyphens | + | |||||
| 38. Phrasal verbs | ||||||
| Introducton | + | + | ||||
| Verb + preposition/adverb | + | + | + | + | + | |
| Semantic categories of phrasal verbs | + | |||||
| The sentence | ||||||
| Sentence word order | + | + | + | |||
| The simple sentence | + | + | + | |||
| The compound sentence | + | + | + | |||
| The complex sentence | + | + | + |