PLAN
Introduction
SECTION I. Financial strategy of enterprise
1.1 Features of Financial Planning in June
1.2 Summary and objectives of the financial plan in August
1.3 Operational Financial Planning
CHAPTER II. Summary of financial planning and order of assembly
2.1 Of the Financial Planning business in Ukraine
2.2 Financial management strategy
2.3 Role of financial management of enterprises
CHAPTER III. Means of improving financial planning
3.1 Improving financial planning in modern business environment
3.2 Ways to improve internal financial control Enterprise
Conclusions
INTRODUCTION
Given the economic transition of Ukraine to the market, significantly expanding the rights of enterprises in financial and economic activity increases significantly the role of timely and qualitative analysis of the financial status of enterprises, assess their liquidity, solvency and financial stability and finding ways to improve and strengthen financial stability.
Urgency of the theme. The financial condition of the enterprise depends on the results of its manufacturing, commercial and financial activity. First the financial status of enterprises positively affect the smooth production and sale of high quality products. In general, the higher values of the production and sale of products and services and lower their cost, the higher profitability of the company, which will positively affect its financial condition. Nerytmichnist manufacturing processes, product quality deterioration, difficulty with its implementation result in the decrease of funds to the enterprise, resulting in worsening its solvency. There is a feedback, because of lack of funds could lead to disruptions in the provision of material resources, hence the manufacturing process. Financial activity should be aimed at ensuring regular revenue and effective use of financial resources, compliance and settlement of credit discipline, and achievement of rational ratio of own and borrowed funds, financial stability for the effective functioning of the enterprise.
The financial condition of the enterprise - is essential characteristic of business in a certain period EID ¬ gives it real and potential Mozh ¬ ity companies to ensure adequate funding levels ¬ owl financial and economic activities and the ability to effectively implement it in future. To determine the financial condition ¬ tributed using a number of analytical indicators: liquidity, solvency, economic status, profitability, etc..
In summary financial planning is the forecast of the future, building a model of active, desired and planned future financial situation of the enterprise with simultaneous construction of roads, installation tools and timing to achieve this state, and end boundaries of the planned actions. Financial plans are almost always focused on clearly defined goals include intermediate results and reflect the kinds and amounts of financial resources spent to achieve the planned objectives.
Thus, financial condition - is one of the most important characteristics of each enterprise.
The purpose of course work is to investigate the financial condition of the enterprise planning, seeking reserves increase profitability and strengthen the commercial calculation as the basis for stable operation of the company and implementing its obligations to the budget, the Bank and other institutions.
The main objectives of financial planning are:
- The study of profitability and financial sustainability of the enterprise
- Study the effectiveness of using property (equity) company, providing working capital of their own;
- The status of the entity in the financial market and quantitative assessment of its competitiveness;
- Determining the effectiveness of using financial resources.
Financial condition to be systematic and comprehensive estimate using different methods and techniques of analysis. This will allow critical evaluation of financial performance of enterprises both in statics for a certain period, and in the end - for a number of periods will help identify "pain points" in financial activities and how to effectively use financial resources, their efficient allocation. Inefficient use of financial resources results in low solvency and, consequently, to possible disruptions in supply, production and sale of products to non plan profit decline Profitability to the threat of economic sanctions.
Object of study - financial planning for businesses
The subject of research of course work is the financial planning business and ways to improve its performance.
Concluding the consideration of the nature of the financial state of enterprises planning to note that the necessity and importance of planning due to the need of systematic analysis and improvement of market relations in transition to self-support, self-financing, the need to improve the use of financial resources, and finding reserves of financial stability the company.
SECTION I. Financial strategy of enterprise
1.1 Features of Financial Planning in June
In modern conditions of market relations in Ukraine's economy planning all economic activities of enterprises is an important prerequisite of free enterprise, an effective market distribution and consumption.
In a market economy in which each producer and entrepreneur focused on satisfying their needs for goods and earn the most profit, the new feature shall inter or company planning activities at all of any legal form. In economic terms, the essence of planning is to develop plans for economic activity, expressed a certain list of economic indicators. In a market each enterprise (organization) shall independently establish a list of such indicators, based on their goals and needs of the enterprise (organization). Economic planning is part of the management.
Planning - is one of the most complex and difficult types of brain activity specific to humans. The difficulty is that the administration - a practical activity, and how and what to do, to be determined when to act. [18, sec. 7]
The basis of financial planning is the financial strategy of the enterprise. Financial strategy - part of the overall economic development strategy, which includes a system of long-term financial objectives of the enterprise and how to achieve them. Develop financial strategy of the enterprise associated with the solution of the following main tasks:
• justification of the main sources of financial support of the company;
• selection of the best ways of investment company;
• minimize the financial risks of the enterprise;
• ensuring financial stability and profitability;
• identifying ways to exit the enterprise with the financial crisis and management practices under the critical situation of the enterprise.
The financial strategy is the basis for the development of financial policies. The financial policy of the company - a form of financial strategy for some aspects of its financial activities ¬ ties. Financial policy is developed in some directions financing activities: policy of asset and capital structure, asset management policy and investment policy to attract financial resources (of own financial resources and involvement from outside sources). In turn, the policies of their financial means may include separate units:
• pricing - pricing subject to demand and supply (the dynamics of market conditions) and the cost of manufacturing and selling products;
• depreciation policy - management-counting of depreciation for investment in their enterprise development;
• dividend policy - optimization between the share of income that goes to dividends, and that part of the profit ¬ tion that capitalized;
• investment policy - the choice and implementation of the most profitable projects, expansion and renovations to further economic development enterprise. [13, sec. 328 - 329]
Using finance enables businesses sphere of material production process to ensure continuity of play, the resolution of industrial, economic and social head ¬ tribute, the formation of centralized and decentralized funds ¬ shovyh public funds at both the state and business entities.
Having financial relations in enterprises in the process of their creation, their implementation of industrial-financial activity, ¬ work of distribution of income and savings, the establishment of adequate funds.
Thus, finance is a system of monetary relations that arise in the process of obtaining irozpodiyiu incomes and ¬ kopychen, formation and use of appropriate funds of funds. [22, sec. 7]
The aim is to provide financial planning business activities necessary funding sources.
Financial Planning (except the already mentioned methods of calculation ¬ Kiv) requires extensive use of economic-mathematical simulation of ¬. This method enables the discovery of expression quantitative relationships between financial indicators and factors that determine it. [21, sec. 219]
Financial planning is one of the most significant and important tool of financial management of modern enterprise.
1.2 Summary and objectives of financial plan
financial planning business
The key point in the financial planning business is a financial plan, which in monetary terms characterizes all sides of production and economic activity, and summarizes the major provisions contained in other sections of the plan of economic and social development plans.
In developing the financial plan of the condition of cash flow and real them, the financial stability of the enterprise and use of inputs.
For the financial plan of the project output should scrutinize incoming and outgoing cash flows. Systematic Cash receipts from sales and other business enterprises are incoming flow, payments, employees, suppliers, subcontractors and others - closed.
The positive flow of funds means that the enterprise at this point of time feels excess of receipts over payments, negative - the opposite situation. [21, sec. 290]
According to a market economy to solve industrial and commercial jobs that require investment, it is necessary to develop intracompany document - business plan.
The business plan should:
- Give concrete ideas on how to operate an enterprise that it will take place in the market;
- Contain all the characteristics of future manufacturing enterprises, describe in detail the scheme of its operation;
- To reveal the principles and methods of leadership now
- Must contain a financial management program that you can not start without any task and ensure the effectiveness of its implementation;
- To show the prospects of companies investors and creditors. [21, sec. 292]
Financial plan - a major element of the business plan, which includes a rationale for specific investment projects and to manage ongoing strategic and financial activities. This section of the business plan includes the following components:
- Forecast of sales;
- Balance of receipts and expenditures;
- A table of revenues and expenses;
- A forecast balance sheet assets and liabilities of the company;
- Calculation of break-even point.
All articles of the financial plan of the enterprise are based on indicators of production plan (production volume, cost estimates for production, investments, etc.). Thus, the production plan plays a major role in financial planning. The process of streamlining the financial plan is not arithmetic recalculation of planned production figures in finance. These two types of planning are interdependent and influence each other.
All articles of the financial plan of the enterprise are based on indicators of production plan (production volume, cost estimates for production, investments, etc.). Thus, the production plan plays a major role in financial planning. The process of streamlining the financial plan is not arithmetic recalculation of planned production figures in finance. These two types of planning are interdependent and influence each other. [9, sec. 78]
Activities related to the formulation of each financial plan provides for certain kinds of work using appropriate methods (see Table 1.1.).
The basis of promising financial planning is forecasting which embodies the strategy on the market. Financial forecasting is to explore possible financial position on a prospect. Unlike planning, forecasting involves the development of alternative financial indicators and parameters, which use according to the trends of the market makes it possible to identify a version of the financial condition of the company.
The result of the long-term financial planning is the development of three key documents:
1) weather report on revenues and expenditures;
2) Cash Flow;
3) forecast the balance of assets and liabilities of the company.
In addition, the financial plan provides justification of investment in the firm and sources of their receipt (the attraction of loans, financial leasing, equity or share capital, etc.), income statement and its use, report on financial and property performance for the last reporting year.
By making a financial plan should take into account that the amount of expenses and deductions should be the amount of income and cash flows. Did ¬ however given that one type of sources (profit) may in ¬ kryvatysya several types of expenses before making the financial plan should vzayemou zhodzhu making (balance) pi costs Lama ¬ sources to cover them.
1.3 Operational Financial Planning
In raising the efficiency of production plays an important role of operative management. However, the efficiency of production processes nychymy ¬ regulation of payments to employees of the enterprise, customers and suppliers, all levels of financial and credit system (budget, centralized off-budget funds, institutions, banks, etc.).. ensure solvency ¬ Nosta enterprise largely depends on the organization of operational financial planning, which includes drafting primarily ¬ change payment calendar.
Payment calendar - a document that appear in ¬ accurate receipts on a certain period.
Purpose of payment calendar is to fix the current expenses and cash flows, sequence and duration of the now all calculations for a certain period. This calendar allows financial services companies in ¬ bezpechuvaty timely execution and settlement of payment obligations ¬ bearing, set changes and the level of solvency, finance ¬ tion of normal economic activity in the correspond ¬ down period. [22, sec. 272]
Financial planning helps to reveal internal reserves for the needs of enterprises for bezpechuyetsya follows:
- First, it turns out her need for the most efficient use of production facilities ¬ formalities, quality improvement:
- Secondly, the implementation plans Ji profit and volume of other financial resources (eg amortyzatsiyina complete reproduction of fixed assets);
- Third, financial resources, which is determined in the planning, do not allow the company makes or create excessive stocks of material resources, to make unplanned capital investment.
The main tool for financial planning in a modern enterprise is a financial plan ¬ prises (balance income and expenditure), widely used in practice with such tools as financial planning, as a payment calendar, a business plan.
Payment calendar consists of two sections.
The first section includes all types of expenditure (payments) for enterprises ¬ prises planning period: the salaries and ¬ pryrivnya them to her charges, taxes and charges paid to the budget and extra budgetary funds to pay suppliers accounts for inventory values and services provided, work performed on capital construction and major repairs;
The second section displays balances of accounts in banks and companies on hand and expected cash flows from various sources: the proceeds from the sale of fixed assets and inventory, receipt of redemption ¬ tion of receivables from centralized sources. [22, sec. 274]
The main tasks of operating a financial planning business are:
- Providing production and investment necessary financial resources;
- Making rational financial relationships with business entities, banks, insurance companies, etc.;
- Identification and mobilization of reserves, increasing profits by efficient use of ma ¬ ation of material, labor and financial resources:
- Overseeing the creation and use of payment instruments.
The company should be set povsyakden nyy ¬ operational control over payments and revenues ma ¬ ation of material values, the implementation of financial obligations to the budget, and banks. [16, c. 309]
Operational financial planning is very necessary undertaking to control the actual receipt of funds on current account expenditure of funds in the process of economic activity and performance of the current financial plan. This is because the financial ¬ chennya provide operating and investing at the expense of their own and borrowed funds and need daily effective control over formation and use of financial resources
CHAPTER II. MAINTENANCE PLANNING AND ORDER OF THE ASSEMBLY
2.1 Of the Financial Planning in the Ukraine