Аффиксация как основной способ словообразования в английском языке (стр. 3 из 4)

-ly	bad (плохой) - badly (плохо), part (часть) - partly (частично), first (первый) - firstly (во-первых)

2. Суффиксы, образующие наречия от существительных и наречий и

обозначающие направление(или направленность):

-wards -ward -wise

North (север) - northward(s) (к северу, на север), back (обратно, назад) - backward(s) (назад, в обратном направлении)home (дом, домой) - homeward (к дому, по направлению к дому)clock (часы) – clockwise (по часовой стрелке)

Наиболее употребительные префиксы и их значения:

1. Префикс со значением “снова”, “заново”, “вновь”, “пере”:

re-	to read (читать) - to reread (перечитать), to write (писать) - to rewrite (переписать)

2. Префиксы, которые придают слову противоположное значение или

обозначают противоположное действие:

un- dis- de- anti- counter-contra-

to tie (связывать) - to untie (развязывать)to appear (появляться) - to disappear (исчезать)formation (формирование) - deformation (деформация) fascist (фашист) - anti-fascist (антифашист)attack (атака) - counterattack (контратака)to contradict (противоречить, возражать)

3. Префиксы, имеющие отрицательное значение:

a-ab-un- im-in- ir- il- dis- mis- non-

amoral (аморальный, безнравственный)absent (отсутствующий)kind (добрый) - unkind (недобрый)possible (возможный) - impossible (невозможный)ability (способность) - inability (неспособность)regular (регулярный) - irregular (нерегулярный)legal (легальный) - illegal (нелегальный)honest (честный) - dishonest (нечестный), understand(понимать) - misunderstand(неправильно понять)interference (вмешательство) - non-interference (невмешательство)

Приставка, которая начинается на “i” изменяется в зависимости от того, какая за ней стоит буква: il + l, ir + r, im + b, m, p.

4.Префиксы, имеющие значение “сверх”, “пере”, “чрезмерно”:

12. через-, транс-

trans-

transatlantic (трансатлантический)

5.Префиксы со значением “между”, “взаимно”:

со- inter-

co-existence(сосуществование)international(интернациональный)

13. вверх, кверху, наверху

up-	upstairs (вверх по лестнице), upside (верхняя часть)

6. “перед”:

рге- fore-

pre-war(довоенный),prehistoric(доисторический)to foresee (предвидеть)

14. двойной, два, дважды

bi-	bilingual (двуязычный)

7. “недостаточно”, “недо-“:

under-

tounderpay( недоплачивать)

15. имеющий дело с книгами

bibli(o)-

bibliography (библиография)

8. “под”:

sub-	subdivision (подразделение)

16. . относящийся к жизни

bio-	biography(биография)

9. “экс”, “бывший”

ex-	ex-champion (бывший чемпион)

17. второстепенное значение

by-	by-street(переулок, улочка)

10. само-, авто-

auto-

autobiography (автобиография), automatic (автоматический)

18. много-, мульти-, поли-

multi-poly-

multicolored(многоцветный), multimillionaire (мультимиллионер)polyglot (полиглот),polytechnic (политехнический)

11. полу-

semi-

semifinal (полуфинал),semicircle (полукруг)

19. Префикс глагола, имеющий значение “делать”:

en-	to enlarge (увеличивать), to endanger (подвергать опасности)

Заключение

Материалы данного исследования позволят учащимся не только качественно подготовиться к Единому Государственному Экзамену в разделе «Лексика и грамматика» за счет выполнения разработанных авторами работы системы упражнений на словообразование и подобранных в Интернете тестов on-line, но и сэкономят их время на поиск слов, образованных с помощью аффиксов, в англо-русском словаре за счет использования предлагаемого словообразовательного словаря.

Таким образом, положенный в основу изучения словообразования системный подход и сформированные навыки сознательного образования слов различных частей речи путем выполнения упражнений обеспечат более качественное усвоение темы «Аффиксация в английском языке».

Список литературы

1. Арнольд И.В. Стилистика современного английского языка. – М.: Просвещение. 1990
2. Афанасьева О. В., Михеева И. В. Английский язык: тренировочные тесты для подготовки к единому государственному экзамену, Ростов-на-Дону «Феникс», 2003
3. Большая Советская энциклопедия. – Изд-во «Советская энциклопедия», 1969 – 1978 г.
4. Бортничук Е.Н. Словообразование в современном английском языке : учеб. пособие для институтов и факультетов иностранных языков / Е.Н. Бортничук, И.В. Василенко, Л.П. Пастушенко. – Киев : Вища школа, 1988
5. Вербицкая М. В., Соловова Е. Н.. Учебно-тренировочные материалы

для подготовки уч-ся / ФИПИ – М.: Интеллект- Центр, 2009

1. Каращук П. М. Словообразование английского языка. – М.: Высшая школа. 1977.
2. Кобрина Н. А., Корнеева Е. А., Оссовская М. И., Гузеева К. А. Учебное пособие для студентов "Иностранные языки". - СОЮЗ, 1999.
3. Мюллер В. К. «Новый англо-русский словарь», М.: Русский язык медиа, 2005
4. Розенталь Д. Э. Словарь лингвистичечких терминов.
5. Оксфордские тесты по английскому языку для подготовки к Единому Государственному Экзамену. Mark Harrison, Victor N. Simkin. Oxford University Press
6. Царёв П.В. Сложные слова в английском языке. М.: Издательство Московского

университета, 1980.

12.Чусова Лидия Вениаминовна. Аффиксация в английском языке

Practice Tests for the Russian State Exam. Elena Klekovkina, Malcolm Mann, Steve

Taylore-Knowles. Macmillan Publishers Limited, 2006

Приложения

ПРИЛОЖЕНИЕ 1

Система упражнений, направленная на формирование навыков словообразования при подготовке к ЕГЭ

1. Задания в формате PowerPoint

2. Задания в формате Excel

3. Задания в тестовой форме

ПРИЛОЖЕНИЕ 2

СЛОВАРЬПРОИЗВОДНЫХСЛОВ

Conceptnoun	Personalnoun	Adjective	Verb
absenteeism	absentee	absent-minded	to be absent
accounting	accountant	accountable	account
accusation	accuser / accused	accusing	accuse
achievement	achiever	achieved	achieve
addiction	addict	addictive/addicted	to become addicted
administration	administrator	administrative	administrate
admiration	admirer	admired / admiring	admire
advertisement	advertiser	advertised	advertise
advice	adviser	advisory	advise
aggravation	aggressor	aggravating	aggravate
agitation	agitator	agitated	agitate
analysis	analyst	analytical	analyse
antagonism	antagonist	antagonistic	antagonize
arbitration	arbitrator	arbitrary	arbitrate
assassination	assassin	assassinated	assassinate
authorization	authority	authoritarian / authoritative	authorize
baking	baker	baked	bake
banking	banker	bankrupt	bank
belief	believer	believable	believe
benevolence	benefactor	beneficial	benefit
bidding	bidder	bidden	bid
blackmail	blackmailer	blackmailed	blackmail
blasphemy	blasphemer	blasphemous	blaspheme
bombardment	bomber	bombarded	bomb
brainwashing	brainwasher	brainwashed	brainwash
broadcasting	broadcaster	broadcast	broadcast
calculation	calculator	calculated	calculate
censorship	censor	censored	censure
challenging	challenger	challenged	challenge
charming	charmer	charmed / charming	charm
cheerfulness	cheerleader	cheerful	cheer
childbearing	childcare	childlike	child
choreography	choreographer	choregraphed	choreograph
civilization	civilian	civil	civilize
collaboration	collaborator	collaborated	collaborate
comedy	comedian	comic
competition	competitor	competitive	compete
dancing	dancer	danced	dance
deafness	deaf	deafening	to go deaf
dealings	dealer / dealership	dealt	deal
decoration	decorator	decorative	decorate
defeat	defeatist	defeated	defeat
defense	defendant / defender	defended	defend
demonstration	demonstrator	demonstrative	demonstrate
design	designer	designed	design
destruction	destroyer	destructive	destroy
determination	determiner	determined	determine
development	developer	developed	develop
dictatorship	dictator	dictatorial	dictate
diplomacy	diplomat	diplomatic	to be diplomatic
direction	director	directed	direct
discipline	disciplinarian	disciplinary	discipline
distribution	distributor	distributed	distribute
divorce	divorcee	divorced	divorce
drama	dramatist	dramatic	dramatize
drunkenness	drunkard	drunk	drink
dwelling	dweller	dwelt	dwell
eavesdropping	eavesdropper	eavesdropped	eavesdrop
economics	economist	economical	economize
education	educator	educational	educate
egotism	egotist	egocentric	to be egotistical
election	electorate	electoral	elect
elitism	elitist	elite	to be elite
emancipation	emancipator	emancipated	emancipate
embezzlement	embezzler	embezzled	embezzle
emigration	emigrant	emigrated	emigrate
(un)employment	employer	(un)employed	employ
entertainment	entertainer	entertaining	entertain
enthusiasm	enthusiast	enthusiastic	enthuse
escapism	escapist	escaped	escape
evacuation	evacuee	evacuated	evacuate
exaggeration	exaggerator	exaggerated	exaggerate
examination	examiner	examined	examine
exploration	explorer	explorative	explore
exportation	exporter	exported	export
farming	farmer	farmed	farm
fighting	fighter	fought	fight
finality	finalist	finalized	finalize
finance	financier	financial	finance
flirtation	flirt	flirtatious	flirt
forgery	forger	forged	forge
foundation	founder	founded	found
freelancing	freelancer	freelanced	freelance
friendship	friend	friendly	to be friendly
gambling	gambling	gambled	gamble
government	governor	governmental	govern
growing up	grown-up	grown	grow up
guidance	guide	guided	guide
homemaking	homemaker	homemade
hospitalization	patient	hospitalized	hospitalize
humanities	humanist	humanitarian	humanize
humor	humorist	humorous
idealism	idealist	idealistic	idealize
illustration	illustrator	illustrative	illustrate
immigration	immigrant	immigrated	immigrate
immortality	immortal	immortal	immortalize
impersonation	impersonator	impersonated	impersonate
importation	importer	imported	import
industrialization	industrialist	industrialized	industrialize
innovation	innovator	innovative	innovate
inspection	inspector	inspected	inspect
instruction	instructor	instructive	instruct
interpretation	interpreter	interpreted	interpret
intrusion	intruder	intrusive	intrude
invasion	invader	invaded	invade
invention	inventor	inventive	invent
investigation	investigator	investigative	investigate
justice	justice of the peace	justifiable	justify
law	lawyer	lawful / lawless
leadership	leader	lead	lead
learning	learner	learned	learn
legislation	legislator	legislative	legislate
liberalism	liberal	liberal	liberalize
linguistics	linguist	linguistic	speak
logging	logger	logged	log
love	lover	lovesick	love
machinery	machinist	machined	machine
magic	magician	magical
management	manager	manageable	manage
manufacturing	manufacturer	manufactured	manufacture
marketing	marketer	marketable	market
materialism	materialist	materialistic	materialize
mathematics	mathematician	mathematical
mechanics	mechanic	mechanical	mechanize
migration	migrant	migratory	migrate
modeling	model	modelled	model
morality	moralist	moralistic	moralize
mugging	mugger	mugged	mug
music	musician	musical	to make music
narration	narrator	narrated	narrate
nationalism	nationalist	nationalistic	nationalize
naturalization	naturalist	naturally	naturalize
navigation	navigator	navigable	navigate
negotiation	negotiator	negotiable	negotiate
nursing	nurse	nursed	nurse
offense	offender	offensive	offend
office	officer	official	officiate
operation	operator	operative	operate
opportunism	opportunist	opportunistic	opportune
oppression	oppressor	oppressive	oppress
optimism	optimist	optimistic	to be optimistic
organization	organizer	organizational	organize
ownership	owner	owned	own
pacifism	pacifist	pacified	pacify
painting	painter	painted	paint
participation	participant	participated	participate
parenting	parent	parented	parent
patriotism	patriot	patriotic	to be patriotic
peacekeeping	peacekeeper	peaceful	to make / keep peace
perfection	perfectionist	perfect	perfect
performance	performer	performed	perform
perpetuation	perpetrator	perpetual	perpetuate
persecution	persecutor	persecuted	persecute
pessimism	pessimist	pessimistic	to be pessimistic
philosophy	philosopher	philosophical	philosophize
photography	photographer	photographic	photograph / take pictures
plumbing	plumber	plumbed	plumb
poetry	poet	poetic	to write poetry
possession	possessor	possessive	possess
pragmatism	pragmatist	pragmatic	to be pragmatic
professionalism	professor	professional	profess
programming	programmer	programmed	program
psychology	psychologist	psychological
purification	purist	pure	purify
quitting	quitter	quit	quit
reaction	reactionary	reacted	react
realism	realist	realistic	to be real
reception	receptionist	receptive	receive
recruitment	recruiter	recruited	recruit
redemption	redeemer	redeemable	redeem
reformation	reformer	reformed	reform
relationship	relative	related	relate
remembrance	reminder	reminded	remind
representation	representative	representative	represent
research	researcher	researched	to do research
residency	resident	residential	reside
retail	retailer	retail	retail
retirement	retiree	retired	retire
revelation	reveler	reveled	revel
robbery	robber	robbed	rob
rule	ruler	ruled	rule
sadism	sadist	sadistic	to be sadistic
sales	salesclerk / salesperson	sold	sell
satire	satirist	satirical	satirize
science	scientist	scientific	to do science
sculpture	sculptor	sculpted	sculpt
seduction	seducer	seduced	seduce
service	serviceman / servicewoman	serviceable	service
shipping	shipper	shipped	ship
showmanship	showman	shown	show
skateboarding	skateboarder	skateboarded	skateboard
skepticism	skeptic	skeptical	to be skeptical
slavery	slave	slavish	enslave
smoking	smoker	smoked	smoke
smuggling	smuggler	smuggled	smuggle
socialism	socialist	sociable	socialize
speaking	speaker	spoken	speak
specialization	specialist	specialized	specialize
speculation	speculator	speculative	speculate
studies	student	studious	study
supervision	supervisor	supervisory	supervise
supply	supplier	supplied	supply
support	supporter	supportive	support
survival	survivor	survivable	survive
sympathy	sympathizer	sympathetic	sympathize
talk	talker	talkative	talk
teaching	teacher	taught	teach
terrorism	terrorist	terrorized	terrorize
theory	theorist	theoretical	theorize
thievery	thief	stolen	steal
thinking	thinker	thought	think
torture	torturer	tortuous	torture
tourism	tourist	toured	tour
training	trainer / trainee	trained	train
transformation	transformer	transformed	transform
travel	traveler	traveled	travel
trickery	trickster	tricky	trick
typing	typist	typed	type
usefulness	user	useful	use
uselessness	user	useless	use
vacation	vacationer	-	vacation
vandalism	vandal	vandalized	vandalize
victimization	victim	victimized	victimize
victory	victor	victorious	win
viewing	viewer	viewed	view
violation	violator	violent	violate
visitation	visitor	visited	visit
voting	voter	voted	vote
waiting	waiter / waitress	waited	wait / serve
wandering	wanderer	wandered	wander
winning	winner	won	win