subject and takes joy in the process of learning. Athletic
programs clearly benefit educational institutions, and athletic
scholarships should certainly be a part of any college system;
however, the focus of sports programs should expand to
encompass the personal enrichment of the whole student.
Shifting the focus of athletics away from winning will
ultimately benefit not only college athletes and the scholarship
programs that support them, but also the colleges themselves.
Blum, Debra E. “Graduation Rate of Scholarship Athletes Rose
after Proposition 48 Was Adopted, NCAA Reports.”
Chronicle of Higher Education 7 July 1993: A42-44.
—. “More Freshmen Meet Academic Standards Set by
NCAA.” Chronicle of Higher Education 21 Apr. 1993:
A38-40.
“Breaking Through: Our Turn to Play.” Lifetime Cable
Network. 19 June 1997.
Chambers, Marcia. “For Women, 25 Years of Title IX Has Not
Leveled the Playing Field.” New York Times 16 June
1997: A1+.
Dealy, Francis X. Win at Any Cost. New York: Carol, 1990.
Durrant, Sue M. “Title IX–Its Power and Its Limitations.”
Journal of Physical Education, Recreation and Dance 45
(1992): 60-64.
Fleisher, Arthur A., Brian L. Goff, and Robert D. Tollison. The
National Collegiate Athletic Association. Chicago: U of
Chicago P, 1992.
Lederman, Douglas. “Men Get 70% of Money Available for
Athletic Scholarships and Colleges That Play Big-Time
Sports, New Study Finds.” Chronicle of Higher Education
18 Mar. 1992: A1+.
—. “Men Outnumber Women and Get Most of Money in Big-
Time Sports Programs.” Chronicle of Higher Education 8
Apr. 1992: A1+.
—. “NCAA Votes Higher Academic Standards for College
Athletes.” Chronicle of Higher Education 15 Jan. 1992:
A1+.
Sanoff, Alvin P. “When Is the Playing Field Too Level?” U.S. News
& World Report 30 Jan. 1989. 10 pars. CompuServe.
3 Mar. 1994.
Walker, Skippy “Tiptoe.” E-mail to the author. 1 March 1998.
“You C.A.N. Get Help with a Scholarship.” Scholastic Coach
Aug. 1992: 56.