J: Want to get out?
Ch: No, thank you. Over there is the Haymarket, leading to the theater land and Shaftsbury Avenue, Piccadilly Circus and the shopping district.
J: My turn. On the left, the House of Parliament, containing the House of Lords and the House of Commons…
Ch: And Westminster Abbey, begun by Edward the Confessor. When?
J: I’ve no idea.
Ch: I do like a bus-ride with the intelligent guide! Victoria Street.
J: Nothing much to say here.
Ch: Look at all the people leaving the continent. Biggest station.
J: You’re wrong here. Leipzig is bigger.
6. Try to remember the most frequently used expressions with the verb ‘to have’ and sentences with them:
To have breakfast снідати
To have lunch снідати другий раз
To have dinner обідати
To have supper вечеряти
To have coffee (tea) пити каву (чай)
To have soup (beefsteak, salad) їсти суп (біфштекс, салат)
To have a snack перекусити
To have a drink випити
To have a smoke покурити
To have a (good, nice, high) time (добре, чудово) провести час
To have a thin time мати неприємності
To have a quarrel посваритися
To have a row поскандалити
To have a talk поговорити
To have a walk прогулятися пішки
To have a look at подивитись на
To have a bath прийняти ванну
To have a shower прийняти душ
To have a rest відпочити
To have a break (time-out) зробити перерву
To have a rough time терпіти важкі часи
To have a meal поїсти
Lesson 4
1. Read and translate the text into Ukrainian:
Computer Trespassing
Breaking into a computer system (using it when you don’t have the permission) is a crime. It s called computer trespassing.
People break into computer systems for many reasons. They might do it to find our private records, to change or destroy information, to steal money or goods, or simply to show they know how to do it.
Computer trespassing is a serious problem. Important information ranging from medical records to top secret military information is often stored in computer systems. If someone changes, destroys, or steals the information, he or she might cause a serious damage. For example, trespasser in a hospital computer system might endanger a patient’s health by changing his or her medical records. In a case of a government computer system, a computer trespasser might threaten national security by stealing military information. A trespasser in a bank’s computer system might steal millions of dollars.
How can we prevent computer trespassing? One way to prevent information stored in computer systems is to use passwords or number codes. The words or codes are programmed into the computer system. The system will admit only those people who enter the correct code. An alarm alerts a security guard if someone enters an incorrect code more than once.
The computer systems use cryptography (secret writing) to protect information. Such systems store information in the computer in coded or scrambled form. F you don’t know how to scramble the information, it is meaningless.
Federal and state laws also protect information stored in computer systems. One federal law prohibits people from using a computer system without permission. It also prohibits the use of a computer system: (1) to steal money or goods worth 5000$ or more; (2) to use, change, destroy, or reveal restricted information in government files; (3) to obtain financial information and credit records that are protected by other federal laws.
2. Translate the following words and word-combinations into Ukrainian:
Computer system; computer trespassing; change or destroy information; secret military information; serious damage; threaten national security; use passwords; to protect information; meaningless; federal laws.
3. Find out which form-Present Continuous or Present Simple are correct in the following sentences:
1. I’m tired. I (go) to bed now. Good night! 2. We can go out now. It (rain) any more. 3. How is your new job? Not so good at the moment. I (not, enjoy) it very much. 4. Nick phoned me last night. He’s on holiday in France. He (have) a great time and doesn’t want to come back. 5. I want to lose weight, so this week I (not, eat) lunch. 6. Ruth has just started evening classes. She (learn) Italian. 7. The population of the world (rise) very fast. 8. Josh is still ill but he (get) better slowly. 9. The world (changed). Things never stay the same. 10. The cost of living (increase). Every year things are more expensive.
4. Find out which form Past Simple or Past Perfect is correct in the following sentences:
1. He (be) a reporter before he (become) a writer. 2. She (feel) a bit better after she (take) the medicine. 3. Jean was late. The teacher (already, give) the problem, when she (get) to class. 4. The weather was awful, but by the time film (be over), the rain (stop). 5. They got home late. The children (already, fall asleep). 6. You were at your mother’s place at 10 o’clock. Where (you, be) before that? 7. Yesterday she (go) to the dentist. 8. I (never, see) any of Rembrandt’s paintings before I (visit) the art gallery. 9. They almost (miss) their plane. By the time they (get) to the airport all the passengers (already, board). 10. Yesterday at the library I (see) my old friend Jack. I (not, see) him for many years. At first, I (not, recognize) because he (lose) almost half of his weight.
5. Read and translate the dialogue and use it in your own speech:
At the Customs
Customs officer: Good afternoon. Will you show me your passport?
Tourist: Certainly. Here you are.
CO: All right. Have you got anything to declare?
T: Yes, I have.
CO: What have you got?
T: I’ve got some wine and some cigarettes.
CO: How much wine have you got?
T: Two bottles.
CO: That’s all right. And how many cigarettes have you got?
T: Two hundred.
CO: O.K. What else have you got?
T: A camera and two watches.
CO: Good. What about perfumes?
T: No, I haven’t got any.
CO: Have you got anything of gold or silver?
T: I’ve got a gold watch with a gold bracelet and a set of silver spoons.
CO: What else?
T: Er… Nothing more.
CO: Now, open your case, please.
T: Pardon?
CO: Open your case, please… Oh, look at what you’ve got! Four bottles of wine, three cameras, six gold watches, ten gold bracelets, five sets of silver spoons and a lot of perfumes!
T: Oh!
6. Language work: Ask questions in English to the sentences:
a) They can build such a house.
Вони можуть побудувати такий дім?- Так, можуть.
Що ви можете побудувати?
Ви можете побудувати такий дім, чи не так?
Хіба ви не можете побудувати такий дім?
Що ви можете зробити?
b) You could inform us in advance.
Ви могли проінформувати нас заздалегідь, чи не так? – Я міг.
Хіба вони не могли проінформувати нас раніше?
Хто міг проінформувати нас раніше?
Коли ви могли нас проінформувати?
c) She must apply for the job as soon as possible.
Вона повинна подати заяву на цю роботу? – Так.
Що вона повинна зробити якомога скоріше?
Коли вона повинна подати заяву на цю роботу?
Хіба вона не повинна подати заяву на цю роботу?
d) They often have to work overtime.
Їм доводиться часто працювати понаднормово? – Так.
Як багато їм доводиться працювати?
Їм часто доводиться працювати понаднормово, чи не так?
Хіба їм не доводиться працювати часто понаднормово?
Lesson 5
1. Read and translate the text into Ukrainian:
What Equipment Is Required?
To run word-processing software, you must, of course, have a computer. If the computer does not come with a display screen, you will need a separate screen. Most word-processing software comes on disks, so a disk drive is required. It’s also good to have a couple of blank disks, in case you want to save something that you have written. And if you want to put what you’ve written on paper, you’ll need a printer.
How does word-processing software work?
Word-processing software works like any other computer program-you simply load the program into your computer. Then you type on the computer keyboard just as you would type on a typewriter.
As you type, the words appear on the screen. He words that you type are also stored in the computer’s memory, so you can save your writing on a disk and work on it later, just as you can save a computer program on a disk and run or change it later. I you have a printer, you can print your writing on paper on much the same way that you print the output from the computer on a paper. In fact, you can print as many copies of your work as you like without having to retype it.
How to use a word-processing program
You’re probably thinking, ‘Word-processing software sounds great, but how do I use it?’ There are many answers to that question, because there are many different word-processing programs available. How you operate a program depends on which program you are using. Before you use a word-processing program, you should read the documentation carefully in order to determine exactly what that particular program does and exactly what you have to do to run it. Most word-processing programs perform the same basic functions.
2. Translate the following words and word-combinations into Ukrainian:
Word-processing software; separate screen; blank disks; load the program; computer keyboard; retype it; sounds great; programs available; read the documentation; particular program.
3. Find out which form-Present Continuous or Present Simple are correct in the following sentences:
1. I (study) English at Glasgow University. 2. I’m on holiday at the moment and I (work) in a public library, I’m lucky to have this job. I (not get up) early. 3. The library (open) at 10 and (close) at 7. 4. It’s an interesting work because people (always, come in) and (ask) me to help them, so I (learn) a lot about different subjects. 5. I (enjoy) the job and (find) it very amusing, too. 6. People (use) the strangest things as bookmarks. 7. My colleagues (always, find) various things –even a 10 note, but I haven’t been so lucky. 8. I often (think) of a photo of a beautiful girl which I found. On the back there were the words, ‘I (love) you. I (miss) you and I’ll never forget you.’ 9. Young people (become) more and more aware politically these days. 10. She (drive) to te country at weekends.
4. Find out which form Past Simple or Past Perfect is correct in the following sentences:
1. Thomas wasn’t at the party last night. He (arrange) to do something else. 2. Last year we (go) to France. We (never, be) in this country before. 3. Jack went to Jill’s house but she wasn’t in. She (go out). 4. Andrew didn’t want to go to the cinema because he (already, see) the film. 5. I didn’t know that man. I (never, see) him before. 6. When I phoned Colin (just, get) home. He (be) in Paris. 7. They weren’t hungry. They (just, have) dinner.
5. Read and translate the dialogue and use it in your own speech:
City Transport. Travelling in the City.
Mr. Black’s friend Rodney Williams is in hospital. He fell and broke his leg. Mr. Black decided to call on him after classes, but he doesn’t know exactly where St. James hospital; is located. He is asking a passer-by the way.
Mr. Black: Excuse me, could you tell me the way to St. James hospital? I know it’s somewhere over here.
Passer-by: Yes, sure. Go down this street four blocks straight ahead. You’ll see a church at the corner. Turn left at the traffic lights.
B: Is it far from the church?
P: Not very far. You should go straight and then take the second turn to the right. There is a supermarket there. You can’t miss it. You won’t get lost.
B: Thanks a lot. Is there a bus?
P: No. There is a tram. But you’d better go there on foot. All the trams are packed. It’s rush-hour.
B: Thank you. I’ll take your advice. I can get on a tram on my way back. Is there a tram going to the center from there?
P: Sure. It’s a number three tram. The stop is just in front of the hospital entrance. It’ll take a quarter of an hour to get to the center from there.
B: Thank you. You’ve been extremely helpful.
P: No thanks at all!
B: Good luck.
6. Language work: Ask questions in English to the sentences:
a) Jane has to tidy the flat every day.
Джейн доводиться прибирати квартиру щодня?
Як часто їй доводиться прибирати квартиру?
Що їй доводиться робити щодня?
Їй доводиться прибирати квартиру щодня, чи не так?
b) I had to phone him once again.
Вам довелось подзвонити йому ще раз?
Що вам довелось робити?
Вам довелось подзвонити йому ще раз, чи не так?
Хіба вам не довелось подзвонити йому ще раз?
c) They have got to correspond with many foreign firms.
Вони повинні переписуватись з багатьма іноземними фірмами?
Кому доводиться переписуватись з багатьма фірмами?
З ким їм доводиться переписуватись?
Хіба їм не доводиться переписуватись з багатьма фірмами?
d) I’ll have to change my plans.
Вам доведеться змінити плани.
Що вам доведеться зробити?
Вам доведеться змінити плани, чи не так?
Хіба вам не доведеться змінити плани?
Lesson 6
1. Read and translate the text into Ukrainian:
Formatting a Document
Before you print your document, you can choose how you want it to look on a paper. This is called a formatting. Some word-processing programs ask you to do this before you start writing. Others wait until you are ready to print your document and then give you a list of choices. The instructions that you use to tell the computer how to print your document are called formatting commands.
What are some of the choices that you have for formatting text? Most word-processing programs allow you to adjust the line spacing on your document. That means that you can select the amount of empty space between printed lines. You can print your document using either single-spaced or double-spaced text.
Some word-processing programs have a formatting command that prints justified lines. Justified lines form straight margins on both sides of paper.
Printing a document
Your word processor and printer work together to carry out formatting commands. Some printers are capable o performing more formatting functions than others. For example, your word-processing program may allow you to print italic type, but if your printer can’t produce italic type, the command is useless. The reverse is also true. A printer can’t produce italic type if it’s hooked up to word-processing program that won’t allow it.
2. Translate the following words and word-combinations into Ukrainian:
How you want it to look; formatting; start writing; a list of choices; formatting commands; word-processing programs; select the amount; printed lines; justified lines; formatting functions.
3. Translate the following sentences into English: