In the mid-1990’s total annual sales of computer hardware and software in the United States exceeded 200$ billion. The largest computer manufacturer in the United States-and the world-is International Business Machines Corporation (IBM), the Hewlett-Packard Company ranks second. Other leading U.S. computer makers include Digital Equipment Corporation, Dell Computer, Apple Computer Inc., Compaq Computer Corporation, and Sun Microsystems Incorporated.
The largest computer manufacturers outside the United States are Fujitsu and NEC Corporation, both o Japan. The leading computer companies in Europe include Group Bull of France and Siemens AG of Germany. The largest software company in the Unites States and the world is Microsoft Corporation.
2. Translate the following words and word-combinations into Ukrainian:
Manufacture; servicing of computer hardware and software; largest industries; the computer industry; peripheral equipment; publish software; magnetic discs; computer components; leading computer companies; printers.
3. Which form of Past simple or Past Continuous is correct in the following sentences:
1. It was beautiful yesterday when we went for a walk in the park. The sun (shine). The birds (sing). 2. I am sitting in class right now. I (sit) in class at this time yesterday. 3. –(You, go) out last night? – Yes, I (go) to the cinema but I (not, enjoy) the film much. 4. When (Mr. Nickolson die)? About ten years ago. 5. I (not, listen), so I missed what the teacher said. 6. They (not, invite) her to the party, so she (not, go). 7. We stayed because we (enjoy) ourselves. 8. – (You, have) time to write the letter yesterday? – No, I (do). 9. –What (you, do) at 6 o’ clock yesterday?- I 9not, do) anything special. 10. I work in travel agency now. Before that I (work) in shop.
4. Find out which form- Present Simple or Present continuous should be used in the following sentences:
1. I (go) to the theater this evening. 2. (The film, begin) at 3.30 or 4.30? 3. We (have) a party next Saturday. 4. The art exhibition (open) on 15 of June and (finish) on 15 August. 5. I (not, go out) this evening. 6. – (You, do) anything tomorrow morning? – No, I’m free. I (stay) at home. 7. They (go) to a concert tonight. It (begin) at 7.30.
Lesson 20
1. Read and translate the text into Ukrainian:
Computer Security
Many people fear that their right to privacy is threatened by the possible misuse or unauthorized disclosure of information in computer databases. Certain databases hold private and personal information, such as medical, banking or tax records. Others contain business plans or inventions that a company wishes to conceal from competitors. Still others store top-secret military information and other kinds of data important to a nation’s security. Laws limit the disclosure of information in databases, and operating systems are designed to prevent unauthorized entry into a computer. Many computers require a user to enter a secret password. In addition, some computer systems automatically scramble information so it can be decoded by authorized personnel. But, computer crimes still occur. Industrial spies and thieves often use telephone lines to gain access to computers. Some of these criminals steal or change the information in a computer database. Others steal money by transferring funds electronically. In the late 1980’s computer experts became aware of a dangerous type of program called a computer virus. A computer virus s designed to do mischief, sometimes by deleting or changing information and sometimes by simply inserting a message. A virus can enter a computer’s operating system via a modem, a floppy disc, or a CD-ROM. A virus can spread through a network. Antivirus programs are available to prevent viruses.
2. Translate the following words and word-combinations into Ukrainian:
Fear; right to privacy; threatened; possible misuse; certain databases; personal information; contain; to conceal from competitors; top-secret military information; automatically scramble information.
3. Which form of Past simple or Past Continuous is correct in the following sentences:
1. He (work) in the garden all weekend. 2. We (invite) them to our party but they (decide) not to come. 13. The police (stop) me on my way home last night. 4. She (pass) her examination from 6 to 7 yesterday. 5. I (be) angry because they (be) late. 6. Jack and Sue (constantly, improve) their farm before they moved. 7. (The weather, be) good when you (be) on holiday? 8. They weren’t able to come because they (be) so busy.
4. Find out which form- Present Simple or Present continuous should be used in the following sentences:
1. Excuse me. What time (this train, get) to Moscow? 2. I’m bored with this film. When (it, finish)? 3. My wife has an appointment with the doctor. She (see) dr. Mike next Tuesday. 4. Sam has already made his plans. He (leave) at noon tomorrow. 5. What (you, go) to do this afternoon? After lunch I (meet0 a friend of mine. We (go) shopping. 6. The museum (open) at ten tomorrow morning. 7. Classes (begin) next week. 8. John’s plane (arrive) at 6.05 p.m. next Monday. 9. I (take) four courses next semester. 10. My brother’s birthday is next week. I (give) him a sweater.