These works, whether propagated in the form of short stories, dramas, or novels, are of intense meaning, metaphor and are political outcries against the totalitarian efforts of psychology and medicine at the time. Foucault?s analysis of madness and its unique role in defining psychology as well as providing the only substantial threat against it underscored the themes presented in these texts. Together they paint a terribly accurate picture of the use of medicine as a political tool throughout the nineteenth century in this country. However it is important not to forget the plight of millions of men and women who have struggled against the oppression of psychological investigation and treatment. It is not; of course, the fault of science but it uses as a political method for disguising unpopular or radical sentiment under the guise of illness. With careful understanding and reason, we can learn to pass this frightening moment in our history. We can use psychology and medicine not to distribute power or disenfranchise the weak but to heal the sick and help give to them the same freedom we all hold dear.
Biblography
1. Mary Wollstonecraft, A Vindication of the Rights of Women; With Strictures on Political and Moral Subjects 171 (J. Johnson, 1988) (1792).
2. Dr. R. Krafft-Ebing, Psychopatihia Sexualis 399 (Physicians and Surgeons Book Company, 1922).
3. Sigmund Freud, Psychology of Love (Macmillan Publishing, 1963).
4. Sigmund Freud & Josef Breuer, Studies on Hysteria, (Avon Books, 1966).
5. Sigmund Freud, A General Selection from the Work of Sigmund Freud 243 (John Rickman ed., Doubleday 1957).
6. Sigmund Freud, Dora: An Analysis of a Case of Hysteria, (Collier Books, 1974).
7. Elaine Showalter, The Female Malady: Women, Madness, and English Culture, 1830-1980 (Pantheon, 1985).
8. Thomas S. Szasz, The Myth of Mental Illness 72 (Anchor, 1983).
9. Claire Kahane, Passion of the Voice: Hysteria, Narrative and the Figure of the Speaking Woman 23 (John Hopkins University Press, 1995).
10. Charlotte Perkins Gilman, “The Yellow Wallpaper,” in The Norton Anthology of American Literature 670, 656-670 (Nina Baym et al. Eds., W.W.Norton & Company 1979).
11. Kate Chopin, The Awakening in The Norton Anthology of American Literature 519, 455-558 (Nina Baym et al. Eds., W.W.Norton & Company 1979).
12. Sigmund Freud, Sigmund Freud Life and Work (Ernest Jones, ed., Doubleday, 1955).
13. M.H. Abrams, et al. eds., The Norton Anthology of English Literature (W.W.Norton & Company 1993).
14. Virginia Woolf, Mrs. Dalloway 280 (Harcourt, Brace & World, 1950).
15. Susan Rubinow Gorsky, Virginia Woolf, Revised Edition 58 (Twayne 1989).
16. Stephen Trombley, All That Summer She Was Mad 95 (Continuum 1982).
17. Michel Foucault, Mental Illness and Psychology 65 (University of California Press 1987).
Bibliography
See Above