Замечание. Если полином
![](data:image/png;base64,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)
есть полином Гурвица степени
![](data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAA0AAAAPCAMAAAAI/bVFAAAAAXNSR0ICQMB9xQAAAF1QTFRFAAAAAQEBLxQUTiIiXjZNXTVMUFBQRFl5Xn6XeVlEaURpaWmGl35ehmlpmay9rZmZvayZuL+4r7fGws7Z2c7C3+bf3OPm5uPc/v7++Pj38vLv7/Ly+fn4+Pn5////ShUnAQAAAAlwSFlzAAAOxAAADsQBlSsOGwAAABl0RVh0U29mdHdhcmUATWljcm9zb2Z0IE9mZmljZX/tNXEAAABRSURBVBjTY5BDBgwEeBISEAzmiTMxCEtyMvJB5aS4RFnEBGA8EQ5+aRleMSiPh01YTpxbFsKTYgYqAisEmwIUlmIVFILwQMLiTOyyRLgFFw8AO5cUO4Y3bnwAAAAASUVORK5CYII=)
, то вектор
![](data:image/png;base64,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)
монотонно поворачивается в положительном направлении на угол
![](data:image/png;base64,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)
, то есть годограф Михайлова, выходя из точки
![](data:image/png;base64,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)
положительной полуоси
![](data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAADgAAAATCAMAAADyMz7ZAAAAAXNSR0ICQMB9xQAAAIpQTFRFAAAAAQEBFBQvLhMTLxQUPyY/IyNPIiJOJ0BATyMjTiIiQ1h4RFl5Xn6XX3+YeVlEeFhDl35ehmlpmq2+mKu8vKuYvayZvq2awc3Y2c7C2M3Bws7Z09fg3OPm2+Ll5d7e5uPc5eLb/v7++fn49/j4+Pn57/Ly8vLv+Pj37Orn5+rs7vHx8fHu////Zjvc7AAAAAlwSFlzAAAOxAAADsQBlSsOGwAAABl0RVh0U29mdHdhcmUATWljcm9zb2Z0IE9mZmljZX/tNXEAAAENSURBVDjLxZNbU4MwEIWzpbYiFForJTFi6YZLL+b//z2zuUCdwRnGB7sPYQfOl+w5ANN/LPYIEF3NBIKSaZUDA4CkmQcWADyMekhaLZhZZtT7qutjfgfq3br7dbqxVVuptSB9AM/bVecc4ODFt2IzBlA/VX5xYIMH2JvunAO8ua1NxxaVI2FABc3Vv0gPmnCsQ/X6iadIkuJy1biT4SABaYMTYNKW6xvdpnjt0TTryNGMkc3AgnU0girfaO9aT3F4Wj5/THhsdb3ktN8thPiDM1jaeutGVqQuVSxIXzKOKjcxib3lOOKxGxwOk4ik+Ypl+HIAJF0WVR8DZPS8JLOZ12b3L7Uk8aP+jn8GvwEPOqKm9RwRXAAAAABJRU5ErkJggg==)
, последовательно пересекает полуоси
![](data:image/png;base64,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)
, проходя
![](data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAA0AAAAPCAMAAAAI/bVFAAAAAXNSR0ICQMB9xQAAAF1QTFRFAAAAAQEBLxQUTiIiXjZNXTVMUFBQRFl5Xn6XeVlEaURpaWmGl35ehmlpmay9rZmZvayZuL+4r7fGws7Z2c7C3+bf3OPm5uPc/v7++Pj38vLv7/Ly+fn4+Pn5////ShUnAQAAAAlwSFlzAAAOxAAADsQBlSsOGwAAABl0RVh0U29mdHdhcmUATWljcm9zb2Z0IE9mZmljZX/tNXEAAABRSURBVBjTY5BDBgwEeBISEAzmiTMxCEtyMvJB5aS4RFnEBGA8EQ5+aRleMSiPh01YTpxbFsKTYgYqAisEmwIUlmIVFILwQMLiTOyyRLgFFw8AO5cUO4Y3bnwAAAAASUVORK5CYII=)
квадрантов.
2.3. Устойчивость периодических решений.
Рассмотрим уравнение (3) с периодическими коэффициентами, т. е.
![](data:image/png;base64,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)
, (4)
где
![](data:image/png;base64,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)
. По формуле (5) предыдущей главы уравнение (4) имеет в рассматриваемом случае фундаментальную матрицу
![](data:image/png;base64,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)
, где
![](data:image/png;base64,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)
— неособая -периодическая непрерывная матрица, тем самым ограниченная вместе с обратной,
![](data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAA8AAAATCAMAAAB4HKeYAAAAAXNSR0ICQMB9xQAAAFdQTFRFAAAAAQEBExMuLhMTLxQUPyY/IiJOTyMjRFl5Q1h4Xn6XX3+YeFhDl35emay9mq2+vayZ2c7C2M3B3OPm5uPc5eLb/v7++Pn57/Ly+fn49/j48vLv////ZCYkfwAAAAlwSFlzAAAOxAAADsQBlSsOGwAAABl0RVh0U29mdHdhcmUATWljcm9zb2Z0IE9mZmljZX/tNXEAAABVSURBVCjPY5BBBQzE8sWAAIkvyMjAyCGOJC/CzIeiXpBNAoXPy4ViniQPHwpfhFUYhS/AKQ7niyGUg/ggpUJMwnC+AKeUKAs3wr3S7IyM/CT7DwcfAPvXHJcJiY4EAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC)
— жорданова матрица, собственные числа
![](data:image/png;base64,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)
которой — характеристические показатели уравнения (4). Из леммы 1 следует, что характеристические показатели играют при оценке фундаментальной матрицы ту же роль, что собственные числа
![](data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAABAAAAARCAMAAADjcdz2AAAAAXNSR0ICQMB9xQAAAFdQTFRFAAAAAQEBLhMTLxQUPyY/IiJOIyNPTiIiQ1h4RFl5Xn6XeFhDl35emay9vayZvKuY2c7Cws7Zwc3Y3OPm5uPc5eLb/v7+7vHx+fn4+Pn57/Ly8vLv////YF80KwAAAAlwSFlzAAAOxAAADsQBlSsOGwAAABl0RVh0U29mdHdhcmUATWljcm9zb2Z0IE9mZmljZX/tNXEAAABnSURBVCjPhY/dDkAwDEZXDJthmPrr+z8nE1lHgu+iFydfTltBj4gXgGcYWBAAICduuKSjuSqXAKxciRo/LmD04TEqNLaiR2yhY6l35itvMV4X3bEV9f2wMRtuAI3GGLgUQC1/z32AHWttGfv0z66gAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC)
, когда
![](data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAABAAAAARCAMAAADjcdz2AAAAAXNSR0ICQMB9xQAAAFdQTFRFAAAAAQEBLhMTLxQUPyY/IiJOIyNPTiIiQ1h4RFl5Xn6XeFhDl35emay9vayZvKuY2c7Cws7Zwc3Y3OPm5uPc5eLb/v7+7vHx+fn4+Pn57/Ly8vLv////YF80KwAAAAlwSFlzAAAOxAAADsQBlSsOGwAAABl0RVh0U29mdHdhcmUATWljcm9zb2Z0IE9mZmljZX/tNXEAAABnSURBVCjPhY/dDkAwDEZXDJthmPrr+z8nE1lHgu+iFydfTltBj4gXgGcYWBAAICduuKSjuSqXAKxciRo/LmD04TEqNLaiR2yhY6l35itvMV4X3bEV9f2wMRtuAI3GGLgUQC1/z32AHWttGfv0z66gAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC)
постоянна. Учитывая, что
![](data:image/png;base64,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)
, где
![](data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAABQAAAAYCAMAAADNlS1EAAAAAXNSR0ICQMB9xQAAAHVQTFRFAAAAAQEBFBQvLxQUIiJOXTVMXjZNQEAnXn6XX3+YeVlEl35emH9fkHeEmay9mq2+pI6CrZmZrpqapZulv7+vt7e+xrevwc3YzsHB0NDQ09zc3OPm4NfT5uPc/v7+8vLv8fHu+fn47vHx+Pj37/Ly9/j4////yhZkiAAAAAlwSFlzAAAOxAAADsQBlSsOGwAAABl0RVh0U29mdHdhcmUATWljcm9zb2Z0IE9mZmljZX/tNXEAAABpSURBVCjPY1DDAhgGXFBODkSgCXJzqKnJs0rTSFBODkVQASSoyMWHEGRRUuZiEJdQUZORloMJCrAzMknzMPKrqQmKMElDBBV5VaAWKIpKwrQjLJZlhpspzwYTFJMSVsUIECEVHk5aBTIA6oxA+dMHy7sAAAAASUVORK5CYII=)
— мультипликаторы уравнения, получаем следующий результат:
Теорема 3. Линейная однородная система с периодическими коэффициентами: 1) устойчива по Ляпунову тогда и только тогда, когда все ее мультипликаторы не превышают по модулю единицы, а равные единице по модулю либо простые, либо им соответствуют простые элементарные делители матрицы монодромии; 2) асимптотически устойчива тогда и только тогда, когда модули всех мультипликаторов меньше единицы.
Пример. Рассмотрим уравнение из примера п. 1.5:
![](data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAFcAAAAVCAMAAAAEhoI5AAAAAXNSR0ICQMB9xQAAAL1QTFRFAAAAAQEBExMuFBQvLxQULhMTPyY/IyNPIiJONk1eTyMjTiIiQCdATTZeXTVMTDVdXjZNQEAnQ1h4RFl5Xn6XX3+YeFhDeVlEakVqaURpenpraWmGaGiFl35emH9fhmlpkHeEj3aDkXiFmay9mq2+mKu8vKuYvayZvq2ar7fGxrevwc3Y2c7C2M3Bws7Z3OPm2+Ll5uPc5eLb/v7+8fHu7/Ly8vLv7vHx+fn4+Pn5+Pj35+rs9/j45uvp////7sSivQAAAAlwSFlzAAAOxAAADsQBlSsOGwAAABl0RVh0U29mdHdhcmUATWljcm9zb2Z0IE9mZmljZX/tNXEAAAGSSURBVEjH3ZSBTsIwEIapCiIoKLCBylAZMoQ56MrKwLn3fyyv7dF1k0wTYjRemiZr7779vbu2kv6MVX6by4y5xIsxk8u+jFgPIpj5YFPuNiVkkXH9kyWMnLCCvZ5Hco9ersqw4MYbi4xLAhhqK36MDqi9lYvhS0qvShTHNkD8znbPlUnBzJhcWFIJc1zxFdZArNcrRmRGa0ucJNcnpyvmk+62wKVnlYVD6puUt4TriBA4FG1HuQi2NwGqwx5vBrpuXs+zsJy7p40uKm/dBLHtKn9UrcJ0hPybMOsQl1bdT07C7+ItFVxPctdSNW+6ZkTOJJdWM+7ODnTujfw6sBpCuhTXkwVBro4w81DIb5rO73r7/jK4HLqAORbqAOEsy4OOMI8Y96HHpl3sB8b8Cb1P5ssilw4T5ojGlXWj7fexOCbULR9hJqKTrBsB9u8M/hX3yQT1jjXX05kePcseEBxRrnyEaTOC96DkfYgftB5+vcrd52PeHRYOk6zj8f7iKY/hQkHUTVGK8d35nto/8P7+c+4Hs/2PGlEr+5wAAAAASUVORK5CYII=)
Уравнение будем называть устойчивым по Ляпунову, асимптотически устойчивым или неустойчивым, если таковой является соответствующая ему линейная система. Мультипликаторы находятся из уравнения
![](data:image/png;base64,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)
:
![](data:image/png;base64,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)
, где
![](data:image/png;base64,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)
. Поэтому можно сделать вывод, что при
![](data:image/png;base64,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)
оба мультипликатора вещественны и один из них по абсолютной величине больше единицы, а при
![](data:image/png;base64,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)
мультипликаторы являются комплексно-сопряженными с модулями, равными единице. По теореме 3 при
![](data:image/png;base64,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)
уравнение
![](data:image/png;base64,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)
неустойчиво, а при
![](data:image/png;base64,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)
оно устойчиво по Ляпунову, но не асимптотически.
2.4. Классификация положений равновесия системы второго порядка.
Исследуем на устойчивость положения равновесия линейной однородной системы двух уравнений с постоянными коэффициентами. Пусть
![](data:image/png;base64,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)
, где
![](data:image/png;base64,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)
. Как было показано в пункте 1.4, тип особой точки такой системы определяется корнями характеристического уравнения
![](data:image/png;base64,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)
или
![](data:image/png;base64,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)
. Его корни можно найти по формуле
![](data:image/png;base64,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)
.
Рассмотрим следующие случаи согласно пункту 1.4.
1)
![](data:image/png;base64,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)
вещественны, различны и
![](data:image/png;base64,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)
(
![](data:image/png;base64,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)
). Параметрические уравнения траекторий:
![](data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAJMAAAAYCAMAAADJTD88AAAAAXNSR0ICQMB9xQAAAQJQTFRFAAAAAgICAQEBFRUwFBQvExMuLxQUMBUVLhMTIyNPIiJOJCRQTiIiUCQkTyMjXjZNQCdARFl5Q1h4X3+YXX2WXn6XeVlEeFhDakVqaURpeWp5enpraWmGmH9fl35eh2pqhHeQkHeEj3aDmpquj6Wumay9mKu8mq2+pI6CrZmZppymvq2avayZt7e+uLi/oaGmv7i4rrbFwLm5xbauxrevw8/aws7Z2M3BzcDAwc3Yz9XKzsHB2s/D2c7C09zcz8LC39bS2+Ll3OPm5t/f5uPc5eLb/v7+9/f2/f397/Ly+fn48vLv5+rs+Pn58PDy+Pj37vHx8fHu8fPx9vf37fDw////iLlPMwAAAAlwSFlzAAAOxAAADsQBlSsOGwAAABl0RVh0U29mdHdhcmUATWljcm9zb2Z0IE9mZmljZX/tNXEAAAI2SURBVEjH7ZZ9V9MwFMabCrJNmMzCpuJQUChKVUBYQUDYLCFprNvUfP+vYl7amq5JynbmOXoO+WPLktvffXLzJJ1D/73m3Gv6i5ogzHvzEPEHJ3izaep6aef2/TxE5TjJu5MmiBBSF0PpVyy+oofuydRFKcFyHOf17qQJok0AHvTDnjJ2imWd9wZTKyrDUhxFUPKqNcHQZaWN2wtKevL8myCRV8mUkjSwDBctnUletaZQbk8hffjmO6TkKY4Op7RT6PZKsBRHj5K3nw8zj7Md5h96fFSTBiSvczvA+OWA2/Ic7wOv7BYzqwQr4Ojwg+RxTRdgoQ9D0EoUF/ImwMFioczDDnB3MheMylknWVYYw7WBu5tFfuqr91OwFigL7gLZ+FDceaKWebzs0yAdISu+rhZFlg3GcE2Gy/R3QR0rmqLajsEAZHld+RV3PIo2fatlzKwJmBHnpDtyxqusKXeOgXz+crE/bnp2GwsWRZmlCrBmDhMBBpzQBI831tnWNnC53LTbEK4ZvvvB5gMHPML2oyZYcNwEuzZYQngAw9U1OIevJPSjFz+Pv2xh3VYsNX4hNH48oPEWvmT9m9XJexIh5dhJ1kdMnmEb7IoH6HFcEz+AcRv4sVYTnwKsOpRr4v1WUkpUzx/MWNRwxQtYGr430OIKd6ZBU/U8utakhwcVV7w5YA6ayIqne4mcVL1ljAGKpuH2yH6gKuaLGdcQnDXAUW+3lrXcVfNq22e26c0acP9//P/V9Bv+dTapnRl/hgAAAABJRU5ErkJggg==)
. Положение равновесия называется узел. Если корни
![](data:image/png;base64,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)
положительны (
![](data:image/png;base64,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)
), то решения будут неограниченно возрастать, и особая точка — неустойчивый узел.
Если
![](data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAADEAAAAXCAMAAACVt1cFAAAAAXNSR0ICQMB9xQAAAKJQTFRFAAAAAQEBFBQvLhMTLxQUIiJOIyNPTiIiTyMjQ1h4RFl5Xn6XeVlEeFhDaURpaWmGamqHl35emH9fkHeEhJycgo6kg4+lmZmtm6Wlmay9rZmZpI6CvayZvKuYvq2auLi/v7i4r7fGxrevzca5wcHOws7Z2c7Cwc3YzsHB2M3B3OPm5uPc5eLb/v7+8vLv+Pn5+fn47/Ly7vHx8fHu+Pj3////J89YrAAAAAlwSFlzAAAOxAAADsQBlSsOGwAAABl0RVh0U29mdHdhcmUATWljcm9zb2Z0IE9mZmljZX/tNXEAAADtSURBVDjLzZNXE4IwDIBbV0Vx4t4LB0hbxP7/v2bsUKnCHW/moXD58l0TLiBRNNDfGlEU5VTY9Gn0cDPHsCkY4Vbsgkzhi6o56CGv8zRVxnX43fq7/zRVRs9hHznuIuzzFhziB5VGWO7EqTYI1C6QFiwqjWVj79vGcUB0zqJIFajhTOeQuI6oNl5UT/Y0lg7ja0hwtxrrokmXGcNQQet4qgxK4GV2S8aCe8pICMyakJOyDT3HtB1LY1WDZ1gpBcbgLi4FcMhv9aYQ88DaRHNHZmxYQePo29t+9255S3xpRrbRxw2WbaywnOw//9oHfbTWbF3s2QEAAAAASUVORK5CYII=)
отрицательны (
![](data:image/png;base64,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)
), то решения с ростом времени будут неограниченно уменьшаться, то есть положение равновесия будет асимптотически устойчивым. Особая точка — устойчивый узел.
![](data:image/jpeg;base64,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2)
![](data:image/png;base64,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)
вещественны и
![](data:image/png;base64,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)
(
![](data:image/png;base64,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)
). В этом случае одна из траекторий всегда будет неограниченно возрастать, а другая неограниченно уменьшаться. Таким образом, седло всегда неустойчиво.
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)
3)
![](data:image/png;base64,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)
комплексно-сопряженные, но не чисто мнимые (
![](data:image/png;base64,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)
). Решение в полярных координатах запишется в виде
![](data:image/png;base64,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)
, где
![](data:image/png;base64,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)
. Если
![](data:image/png;base64,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)
(
![](data:image/png;base64,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)
), то спирали будут раскручиваться от особой точки, и фокус будет неустойчивым.
Если
![](data:image/png;base64,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)
(
![](data:image/png;base64,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)
), то особая точка — устойчивый фокус, причем устойчивость асимптотическая.
![](data:image/jpeg;base64,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)
4)
![](data:image/png;base64,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)
(
![](data:image/png;base64,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)
). Особая точка — центр, траектории — окружности, то есть положение равновесия является устойчивым, но не асимптотически.
![](data:image/jpeg;base64,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)
5)
![](data:image/png;base64,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)
. Если
![](data:image/png;base64,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)
, то получаем неустойчивый узел, либо вырожденный, либо дикритический. Если
![](data:image/png;base64,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)
, положение равновесия будет асимптотически устойчивым.
![](data:image/jpeg;base64,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)
6) Один из корней равен нулю (например
![](data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAABEAAAAXCAMAAADa6lTVAAAAAXNSR0ICQMB9xQAAAHhQTFRFAQEBFBQvLhMTLxQUIiJOIyNPTiIiQ1h4RFl5Xn6XeVlEaWmGl35emH9fkHeEj3aDgo6kmZmtmq2+rZmZvKuYvq2auLi/sLjHxrevzca5wcHOws7Z3OPm5uPc5eLb/v7+8vLv+Pn57/Ly8fHu+fn47vHx+Pj3////cxnTcAAAAAlwSFlzAAAOxAAADsQBlSsOGwAAABl0RVh0U29mdHdhcmUATWljcm9zb2Z0IE9mZmljZX/tNXEAAABxSURBVCjPndBHDoAwDATA0HvvJYSQgP//Q5oEik+IvView8oyARzyWxhjSELiqUIbaEfcM/dYphRL6HBVqB4sqpRuNygi7OGuvu46pXS4rI9d+uZyibBzgGIVGcj4lso6JjW08ZE3X2RLViQRcfnPr+7IzDbco1r/BQAAAABJRU5ErkJggg==)
). Траекториями являются прямые, параллельные друг другу. Если
![](data:image/png;base64,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)
, то получаем прямую неустойчивых особых точек. Если
![](data:image/png;base64,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)
, то прямая будет содержать устойчивые особые точки.
7) Оба корня равны нулю. Тогда
![](data:image/png;base64,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)
. Особая точка неустойчива.
Пример. Рассмотрим систему
![](data:image/png;base64,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)
. Положение равновесия находится из уравнения
![](data:image/png;base64,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)
, или
![](data:image/png;base64,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)
, откуда
![](data:image/png;base64,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)
. Следовательно, положение равновесия — неустойчивый узел. Жорданова форма матрицы А имеет вид: