I. Раскройте скобки, употребляя глагол в Past Perfect.
1. We returned the contract to the customer because he (not to sign) it.
2. They couldn’t get into the office because the manager (to leave) the keys at home.
3. We (to finish) our work by 6 o’clock.
4. It was difficult to operate this machine because we (not to do) it before.
5. We arrived at work and found that somebody (to break) into the office during the night.
6. Jack realized that he (to make) a serious mistake.
II. Раскройте скобки, употребляя глагол в Past Simple или Past Perfect.
1. After we (to study) the prices we (to sign) the contact.
2. I couldn’t get the job. They (to find) someone else before my resume (to arrive).
3. Before we (to invite) the partners to the factory we (to make) all the necessary arrangements.
4. Before the director (to go) on business the secretary (to reserve) a room in the hotel for him.
5. After I (to go) through the customs I (to receive) my baggage.
6. After we (to see) the new model at the exhibition we (to place) an order.
7. When they (to arrive) at the airport the registration already (to begin).
8. I (to invite) Jane to the party but she couldn’t come because she (to arrange) something else to do.
9. Liz (not to want) to go to the exhibition because she already (to visit) it before.
III. Закончите предложения используя Past Perfect.
1. I didn't want to watch the news because I …
2. The secretary phoned to say that the customer…
3. Yesterday we sent a letter to our partners to say that …
4. I was looking forward to my trip because I …
5. Before we started the talks we …
REPORTED (INDIRECT) SPEECH (КОСВЕННАЯ РЕЧЬ)
Если сказуемое главного предложения выражено глаголом в настоящем времени, то в придаточном дополнительном предложении сказуемое употребляется в требуемом по смыслу времени.
| We know he lives in Paris. | Мы знаем, что он живет в Париже. |
| He says he is watching TV. | Он говорит, что смотрит телевизор |
| Kate says she sent the letter yesterday. | Катя говорит, что отправила письмо вчера. |
| Mr. Brown is sure they will sign the contract tomorrow. | Мистер Браун уверен, что они подпишут контракт завтра. |
Если сказуемое главного предложения выражено глаголом в прошедшем времени, то при переводе прямой речи в косвенную соблюдается правило согласования времен, т.е. сказуемое придаточного дополнительного предложения должно быть употреблено в одном из прошедших времен. При этом происходят следующие изменения:
| Direct Speech (Прямая речь) | Reported Speech (Косвенная речь) |
| Present Simple → Past Simple | |
| Present Continuous → Past Continuous | |
| Past Simple → Past Perfect | |
| Present Perfect → Past Perfect | |
| Past Perfect → Past Perfect | |
| Future Simple (Will) → Future in the Past (Would) | |
Для выражения действия, одновременного с действием главного предложения, в придаточном предложении употребляется Past Simple или Past Continuous:
| I was sure that he was busy. | Я была уверена, что он занят. |
| He said he was watching TV. | Он сказал, что смотрит телевизор. |
Для выражения действия, предшествующего действию главного предложения, в придаточном предложении употребляется Past Perfect:
We knew he had left for Madrid. Мы знали, что он уехал в Мадрид.
Для выражения последующего (будущего) действия, в придаточном предложении употребляется Future in the Past:
| I didn’t doubt that my friends would meet me at the station. | Я не сомневался, что мои друзья встретят меня на станции. |
Употребляемые в прямой речи личные и притяжательные местоимения в косвенной речи заменяются по смыслу (например, we → they , my book → his/her book и т.п.).
Следующим образом также заменяются указательные местоимения, обстоятельства места и времени:
| Direct Speech (Прямая речь) | Reported Speech (Косвенная речь) |
| this → that these → those here → there now → then today → that day yesterday → the day before ago → before last (year) → the previous (year) in → later tomorrow → the next day/the following day the day after tomorrow → two days later next (year) → the following (year)
| |
Повествовательные предложения при переводе из прямой речи в косвенную вводятся союзом that, который может опускаться:
| I hoped (that) they would reduce the price. | Я надеялся, что они снизят цену. |
При переводе вопросительных предложений в косвенную речь изменяется порядок слов в предложении – сказуемое ставится после подлежащего:
| - Where does John work? | They asked me where John worked. |
| - Why are you late? | They wanted to know why I was late. |
| - How will you spend your week-end? | They wondered how I would spend my week-end. |
Общие вопросы при переводе в косвенную речь вводятся с помощью союзов if или whether, соответствующих в русском языке частице ли:
| - Have you finished your report? | Mr. Brown asked me if (whether) I had finished my report |
Повелительное наклонение в косвенной речи передается инфинитивным оборотом. При передаче просьбы употребляется глагол to ask (просить), а для передачи приказания – to tell (сказать, велеть, приказать).
| - Will you show your passport? | The clerk asked me to show my passport. |
| - Don’t close the window, please. | Jane asked me not to close the window. |
| - Don’t be late. | They told me not to be late. |
Exercises
I. Передайте предложения в косвенной речи. Повествовательные предложения начинайте с she(he) said… вопросительные с she(he) asked….
1. The manager made an appointment with customers yesterday.
2. Where have you been?
3. He can’t go to this meeting next week.
4. Can you lend me some money?
5. We don’t sell the goods to this company.
6. What matters are you discussing now?
7. I have just come back from the business trip.
8. He will buy a new model of computer next month.
9. How are you?
10. I have to go now.
11. Where do you work?
12. Why did he retire last year?
13. I’m very busy now.
14. How long have you had this computer?
15. We’ll be in the office on time tomorrow.
16. They are having talks now.
17. Do you have customers abroad?
II. Закончите предложения, используя выражения в рамке по смыслу в косвенной речи.
| Mind your own business! Could you repeat, please. Will you help me? Hurry up! Open your bag, please. Don’t tell anybody about it! |
1. It was late so I…..
2. The customs officer ….
3. It was a secret so I …
4. She started asking me personal questions so I ….
5. I couldn’t do the work myself so I ….
6. It was difficult to understand the words of the foreign customer so I…
III. Раскройте скобки, поставив глагол в нужной форме.
1. I met Diana last week. She said that she (work) for another company soon.
2. Charlie was sure that having lunch at the restaurant (be) always expensive.
3. Ann said that she (not enjoy) her job very much.
4. Janet claimed that somebody (steal) her car a few weeks ago.
5. We had no idea if Carol (come) to the management meeting.
6. I wondered if Jane (receive) the letter.
7. We didn’t know how far it (be) to the airport.
8. They asked if the bank (be) near there.
9. She insisted that Dave always (work) very hard.
10. I was looking for the manager but the secretary said that he already (go) home.
Section B.
Text A
STAYING AT HOTEL
The other day Mr. Magon arrived in Moscow on business. Boris Mitin, the manager, met him at Sheremetjevo airport and took him to the Metropol Hotel. Mr. Mitin had reserved accommodation for Mr. Magon two days before. A hotel porter met him at the door and showed him to the reception desk. Some people were waiting at the desk.
The receptionist gave Mr. Magon a form and asked him to write his name, address, nationality and occupation on it. As Mr. Magon knew Russian well it didn’t take him long to fill in the form. After he had gone through the formalities, the receptionist gave Mr. Magon the key to his room and the porter showed them to the room. Mr. Mitin left the hotel after they had made an appointment for the next morning.
Vocabulary
accommodation n – номер в гостинице
fill in n – заполнить
form n – бланк
key n – ключ
occupation n – профессия, род занятий
receptionist n – администратор (в гостинице)
reserve v – зарезервировать, заранее заказать
show to v – провести куда-л.
Exercises
I. Ответьте на вопросы к тексту.
1. Why did Mr. Magon come to Moscow?
2. Who met him at the airport?
3. Where did they go from the airport?
4. Who had reserved the room for Mr. Magon?
5. Where did the porter show Mr. Magon to?
6. What did Mr. Magon write in the form?
7. When did the receptionist give him the key?
8. When did Mr. Mitin leave the hotel?
II. Согласитесь с данными утверждениями или опровергните их.
1. Mr. Magon came to Russia on holiday.
2. He was met by Mr. Mitin at Domodedovo airport.
3. Mr. Magon had reserved the room from London by telephone.
4. When Mr. Magon came to the hotel, there were no people at the reception desk.
5. Mr. Magon had to fill in a form.
6. Mr. Magon went to his room after he had gone through all the formalities.
7. Mr. Magon and Mr. Mitin made an appointment for the next week.
III. Составьте словосочетания, используя слова из двух столбцов.
| 1. reception 2. to fill in 3. to go through 4. to make 5. to reserve | a form accommodation an appointment desk formalities |
IV. Заполните пропуски предлогами, где это необходимо.
1. Can you meet me __ Heathrow Airport __ 12.30 __ Monday?
2. Could you fill __ this form, please?
3. Here is the key __ your room.
4. The porter will show you __ your room after you go __ all the formalities.
5. Mr. Mitchell arrived __ Thompson & Co and the secretary showed him __ the Director’s office.
6. We have already reserved accommodation __ the British delegation.
7. When I came __ the hotel, Mr. Brown was waiting __ the reception desk.
V. Заполните пропуски, используя приведенные ниже слова.
accommodation formalities key occupation reserve show
1. How long did it take you to go through the _________?
2. When did you ________ the room?
3. Could you __________ me to Mr. Wilson’s office, please?
4. I left the __________ at home and I can’t open the door.
5. The price is £200 per person, including flight, hotel __________ and excursions.
6. What is your __________? – I’m a lawyer.
Text B
TELEPHONE MESSAGES
Amanda Hayward is a secretary at Standard Security Systems. Her boss, Peter Dawson, was away on business on Monday. She took several messages for him.
| AMANDA | Good afternoon. Mr. Dawson’s office. |
| MISS DOBSON | Good afternoon. This is Juliet Dobson from Western Video Systems. Mr. Dawson is at the trade fair in Lyon, isn’t he? |
| AMANDA | Yes, that’s right. He should be here tomorrow. |
| MISS DOBSON | Well, can you give him this message first thing in the morning? I’m afraid we must cancel our last order. The customers have changed their minds, again! |
| AMANDA | Good afternoon. Mr. Dawson’s office. |
| MR. GONZALEZ | Hello, this is Miguel Gonzalez speaking. Is Peter there? |
| AMANDA | No, I’m afraid he’s away on business today. Can I pass a message, Mr. Gonzalez? |
| MR. GONZALEZ | Yes, I may be in London from the 21st to the 25th. I want to see Peter then, if possible. It’s about the agency in Mexico. |
It’s Tuesday morning. Peter Dawson has just returned to the office after his business trip to Lyon.