| WORDS | SYNONYMS | EUPHEMISM WORD |
| hyperactive | - | attention deficit disorder |
| illegal worker | - | undocumented worker |
| imprisoned | - | incarcerated |
| informer | - | confidential source |
| jail | - | secure facility |
| jungle | - | rain forest |
| juvenile delinquent | problem child | at-risk child |
| kill | - | put down to sleep |
| to kill on a mass basis | - | to liquidate |
| killing of innocents | - | collateral damage |
| lawyer | - | attorney |
| lazy | - | unmotivated |
| make love | - | sleep with |
| money | - | funds |
| mortuary | funeral home | funeral parlor |
| mortuary | funeral home | funeral parlor |
APPENDIX A (continuation)
| WORDS | SYNONYMS | EUPHEMISM WORD |
| multi-racial | - | diverse |
| murder | kill, do someone in | finish off someone |
| noisy | - | boisterous |
| office equipment | - | productivity, products |
| old | mature, distinguished, senior, traditional | seasoned, new (the house is 2 years new) |
| old person | senior, citizen | pensioner |
| old person’s home | convalescent hospital, retirement home | rest home, nursing home |
| one-room apartment | studio apartment | efficiency |
| pay (n) | remuneration | salary |
| person | representative | individual |
| perspire | perspiration | sweat |
| police officer | - | peace officer |
| poor children | - | at-risk children |
| poor nation | emerging nation, developing nation | third-world nation |
| poor student | underachiever | underperformer |
APPENDIX A (continuation)
| WORDS | SYNONYMS | EUPHEMISM WORD |
| power failure | - | service interruption |
| prison | - | correctional facility |
| prisoner | inmate, convict | detainee |
| problem issue | challenge | complication |
| rain | snow, hail | precipitation |
| remedial education | - | special education |
| removed from duty | - | put on administrative leave |
| repression (social, political) | - | law and order |
| retarded | special, slow | mentally challenged |
| rough | - | physical |
| rude | - | self-centered |
| sales | - | marketing |
| sales man - woman | - | sales associate |
| say | indicate, disclose | mention |
| secretary | - | administrative assistant |
| sexual relationship | involvement, intimate | affair |
APPENDIX A (continuation)
| WORDS | SYNONYMS | EUPHEMISM WORD |
| sick | indisposed, ill | under the weather |
| small | quant, cozy | petite |
| to suicide (to commit) | to end it all, take the easy way out | do oneself in |
| teacher | - | educator |
| theft | - | inventory shrinkage |
| tip | - | gratitude |
| toilet | men’s room, workroom, restroom, bathroom, wc | lavatory |
| tramp | - | homeless person |
| ugly | unattractive | plain |
| underwear (women’s) | - | lingerie |
| unemployed | between jobs | taking time off |
| unreserved seating | general admission | festival seating |
| used (adj) | previously-owned, pre-owned | second-hand |
| vagrant | - | homeless person |
| venereal disease | - | social disease |
APPENDIX B
General classification of euphemisms and dysphemisms from the psychological point of view
| Generating motives | Examples euphemisms dysphemisms | ||
| Feeling of politeness or impoliteness | Mental defects | barmy, dense, soft, queer, leather-head, to go off one’s mind, to be off one's loop, to be off one's rocker; | dork, dumb-ass, dullard, to have bats in one's belfry; |
| Physical defects | disable, handicapped, aurally challenged, aurally handicapped, physically challenged, physically handicapped, mentally challenged, impaired hearing; | cripple, stupid; | |
| Age | senior, middlescence, third age, ageful (old), golden years, silver ager; | ||
| Social inequality | a) Afro-American, Native Americans | Nigger Red Indian | |
| Feeling of shame | Sex relations | affair, ballet, exploit; | fuck; |
| skin flicks, adult movie, pill, to be in an interesting condition, sexual congress; | |||
| accommodation house, assignation house , disorderly house; | drunkard, to dupe, to lick smb`s boots; | ||
APPENDIX B (continuation)
| Superstition | rite (sacrament) of reconciliation; | ||
| Feeling of fear | Death | to go west, to depart, to pass away, to draw one's last breath, to join the silent, to lose one's life, to join (great) majority, to go to meet one's maker, a leap in the dark; | to kiss the dust, to kick the bucket, to croak, |
| Diseases | Growth, Big C | ||
| Sympathy & compassion | Poverty | shopping-bag lady, street person | beggar |
APPENDIX C
Classification of euphemisms according to the thematical subdivision
| Religious euphemisms | Excretory euphemisms | Sexual euphemisms | Euphemisms for job titles | Euphemisms for death |
| Adonai (My Lord) | Manure (work with the hands) | Make love (sleep with) | Sanitation engineer = janitor | Fight a long battle with (death) |
| HaShem (the Name of God) | Zoo Doo or Zoopoop (a brand of elephants manure) | Affair, intimate relationship (sexual relationship) | Transparent-wall maintenance officer = window cleaner | Demise, end, destination, better world, afterlife (death) |
| He Who Must Not Be Named (Satan) | To see a man about a dog (restroom) | The Pill (methods of birth control) | Diamond cutter = a job to mow the lawn at Yankee Stadium | Pass away, pass on, expire, go to heaven (to die) |
| You – Know – Who (Satan) | In the family way (pregnancy) | Liaison (sexual relationship (illicit) | Custodian = janitor | Put down (animal euthanasia) |
| To powder one’s nose (bathroom) | He valued his privacy (homosexual) | Administrative assistant = secretory | Left for the rats (death) | |
| To have a bun in the oven (pregnancy) | Cemetery operative = gravedigger | Bent over the barrel (death) | ||
| Tired and emotional (drunk) | Rodent officer = rat-catcher | Screwed over (death) |