Группа
![](data:image/png;base64,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)
разрешима в обычном смысле тогда и только тогда, когда она
![](data:image/png;base64,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)
–разрешима для всех простых
![](data:image/png;base64,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)
Ясно, что группа
![](data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAABAAAAARCAYAAADUryzEAAAAAXNSR0ICQMB9xQAAAAlwSFlzAAAOxAAADsQBlSsOGwAAABl0RVh0U29mdHdhcmUATWljcm9zb2Z0IE9mZmljZX/tNXEAAADxSURBVDjLY2hsbGSgBDPQxAAgYIJixlUINhNRBtTneRjKMjC8Amr4ZxxZ7xttzLAAyP7LyGB8N7a8XIooF9TXx0oaMciekpNjuG4c2+Dd0ZHG4yHDsEfWLaeYOAMijX0ZZI1PRubVq4L4cAM88oqIMiDKmGGhcXSDD4xfneViJMcgd8Mjr96QcBiAnW+0O7a+XhLEBwVihBHDIgbj6AVEBSLINllZj1WhaWl8oJCPNGZayMBgfBtmIEEDctxkS0ChDsfGUfOJTgfgwJKVXYnNrwQNAPkV6HxjmPNJNgAY8vPhzpZ135XW0cEzcHlhaBkAAHQ7gLaXyiXAAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC)
–разрешима тогда и только тогда, когда она обладает нормальным рядом
![](data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAKAAAAAYCAYAAAB9VvY1AAAAAXNSR0ICQMB9xQAAAAlwSFlzAAAOxAAADsQBlSsOGwAAABl0RVh0U29mdHdhcmUATWljcm9zb2Z0IE9mZmljZX/tNXEAAAQXSURBVGje7VrLTttAFL2BLYVtaTP5BuJJ191QYwR0Z6mOlVVRFhGyKoKUBUIOO1TBvo8FCauKT6DwAf2EAvkABJ/Ao3PtODGOYzv22E7RLI4gRvjce+fMfQHs7++DgEBeEEEQEAIUEAIUEJgOAZ4CzACczvAisN8Hsy4U8PkT+zp89lRIw7k8ubPANPk3aoutIcemSAKs19V5uQgXUFTO6wcHc0mNOjioz60QOGPReGB2sLjAPa211/BnDYVss+eP7NkDURrbvAOSJ3cWmBb/oC92jc500YYBqNZhelqQqbwXpKXBN6ZZW5QALi2HOAnQwZZMmgD0umaai86zVqv+SiGF307QkgfBP2unxR3Emc4hZ+tfVLv2tPJHFDqQlTO3Zto1uoZaIvJWc6ISbDnEX4A7QKtdt+GmRjeS3k4n7eO72PuPs+COwsm7rIX410wjttHFV3gcJ3S0jertdW4C9Ok5Zv3qvhdVCl2gesf5vNtYlgjVD5MejE6hY6f78ULgxT0JJy/haRn5F+dcLR4o3AXZtqW8+6w020vcBMicPX5W573wMQZ7FaUI504qtspDqfLdXTKiQmXBwL5ilfU+7p4nqE9Kyj0pZxLk4V/cc7WED7Tn5RoVszqbawnG3pIC9DAVY9o2ZLoZdiv80GrV3rAetQdAbqP+flLuOJxx8YzLMMtZxjbOAITC9+rEGYysnhCsYZx9lS6DLkTqJdg0lDIB8heDmqQ3wcnOvo16J6jc8+SOwxkXQy4tM//inqsjfHfv6UZbp+vYGxLFCLUn9RJsG0N76q4qVUrKN7/3DvdW4TsrnK4sLrJ6ptbrC0EpPozbDnxwiZiUMyl4+pdWCe4L8Bqk6onfns8a/DyT+SQC3OFZgu33yRdKpfLVzyB0wF4lwD32MmGLy0Hwm8pSCeCGOXqltlpv/TJGEPdwjxYtUFE5uQkxmn/NoNimCRRtAcjdcmOX+pZn12AUWYDYBH+S4ASdsm9fNDGEGNrFXmBcQ+2e2nRKDplD0qQ9Ju4vxzfK47ktEZboj0kPL4jT+5eksM9p+tdfEmN5Laic/yoy3BtL16phFJ1yzc6Tsun41m0TDCrcaDYfdXSQeks3PBpavClBvYl7V4QlJWxxyZM7rgAD34dNeH8pG/Y5bf/sHpH+wRLNSuYVz9gGlm/vUtqVzb2xzixlj4M1ufWnPgwYlY3NrLh5C3Da0DaM17Isf8ESrZlamVLdzMsW1VqoK++9SS1/AbLpj2rmhiVAa5IztoUA+a12Vgn5heUw69hGbSPyv6UsPROqHWGPUKXkKIs91uCA6ur8hxL9iU3+SxSgW3RVSWpPo59TYYTTR2T9nymD/oVTTzZt0Cndw+w+yEBT6OeLu/UC/xdEEASEAAWEAAUEcsE/Djts18PB+fIAAAAASUVORK5CYII=)
в котором каждая факторгруппа
![](data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAACsAAAAYCAYAAABjswTDAAAAAXNSR0ICQMB9xQAAAAlwSFlzAAAOxAAADsQBlSsOGwAAABl0RVh0U29mdHdhcmUATWljcm9zb2Z0IE9mZmljZX/tNXEAAAHcSURBVFjD7VfLTsJAFB1Yo3siw84PoLdrV2YYAy5rUho2ProwpAtYdIFxyq4x/gC6ULZ8AuiHGOVTUDslhT7BzhATEhY3tNP2ntM75xwADQYDtCu1M0T3ZP+N7BihIopWwb/J+4yv5QaKPSeCtTxwXbNUx2ji3fDt1Y9Xc2g7DX7NorhbWKzPMbW6ImQNANZmrCyDlWjaIbiHEHwFjXnZtnlAMZoGDfMWY+0ygMFksdLJQmsUAdPhXHSivBwDmmA4TVmsxEIL0CjcoH97qmAwHmWMEZaADFbkhGuJVtAbJp3eckuq6jANSFYCIljJxgjN+JZxJ1oErqnFajJTzZKACFa0gUVrGOEP/pCsTjdJQAQrMQXPnTOtrylqlQ5N1y1tysu07IxJ4D5r4nmxku6skHeqqg9p0/B1BvQurTG/duZn5yqK+PSozk7SyIpgJd3pBXJWni4mNy5mvb0f9lV4CsAtQi6yDCOEFWvwsk47BqBXhOk0/LYGpVfBeZjsul0QxRJ2dqBPnZAbzTQP+XF8sttOESFnh77b56uCT51Zx9sim5YiucJdUVpO3KFhGfBg98g+a7Z9JEM0C+vv29KGRtovIY/sZUCW69CfMq5PsrQqg7X/p7Anu2tkfwHed7u7QkLsQAAAAABJRU5ErkJggg==)
является либо
![](data:image/png;base64,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)
–группой, либо
![](data:image/png;base64,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)
–группой. Поэтому для такой группы можно индуктивно определить верхний
![](data:image/png;base64,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)
–ряд.
![](data:image/png;base64,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)
где
![](data:image/png;base64,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)
Здесь
![](data:image/png;base64,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)
– наибольшая нормальная
![](data:image/png;base64,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)
–подгруппа группы
![](data:image/png;base64,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)
– наибольшая нормальная
![](data:image/png;base64,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)
–подгруппа
![](data:image/png;base64,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)
Наименьшее натуральное число
![](data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAA0AAAAVCAYAAACdbmSKAAAAAXNSR0ICQMB9xQAAAAlwSFlzAAAOxAAADsQBlSsOGwAAABl0RVh0U29mdHdhcmUATWljcm9zb2Z0IE9mZmljZX/tNXEAAADQSURBVDjLY2hsbGQgFTNQRRMQMEExI1Ga6vM8DGUZGF4BNfyT9cgrItqm+vpYSSMG2VMeefWGxGuKNPZlkPXYndbRwUO0pihjhoX4nIahqaMjjcdDVnYlPqdhaKrOcjGSlfVYic9pGJpy3GRLGIyjFxAdT2CnyTDsMY5u8CFaEySojXZH5uUZEu28hmhjHwajiEV50R5ekXn1qugpBKumPA/ZIqDkX+TgRqQQ49ux9fWSRCdYkC31kR72yNGAVwPIn8YMDLcZjKPmUz9rDANNAKOqigOqW0v3AAAAAElFTkSuQmCC)
для которого
![](data:image/png;base64,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)
называют
–длиной ![](data:image/png;base64,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)
группы
![](data:image/png;base64,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)
В следующей теореме будет использован результат В.Н. Тютянова: если для любого простого делителя
![](data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAABAAAAARCAYAAADUryzEAAAAAXNSR0ICQMB9xQAAAAlwSFlzAAAOxAAADsQBlSsOGwAAABl0RVh0U29mdHdhcmUATWljcm9zb2Z0IE9mZmljZX/tNXEAAADxSURBVDjLY2hsbGSgBDPQxAAgYIJixlUINhNRBtTneRjKMjC8Amr4ZxxZ7xttzLAAyP7LyGB8N7a8XIooF9TXx0oaMciekpNjuG4c2+Dd0ZHG4yHDsEfWLaeYOAMijX0ZZI1PRubVq4L4cAM88oqIMiDKmGGhcXSDD4xfneViJMcgd8Mjr96QcBiAnW+0O7a+XhLEBwVihBHDIgbj6AVEBSLINllZj1WhaWl8oJCPNGZayMBgfBtmIEEDctxkS0ChDsfGUfOJTgfgwJKVXYnNrwQNAPkV6HxjmPNJNgAY8vPhzpZ135XW0cEzcHlhaBkAAHQ7gLaXyiXAAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC)
порядка группы
![](data:image/png;base64,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)
существуют бипримарные
![](data:image/png;base64,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)
–холловские подгруппы, то группа
![](data:image/png;base64,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)
разрешима. В доказательстве этого результата использовалась классификация конечных простых групп.
Теорема 2.3.6 Если в группе
силовская
–подгруппа обладает супердобавлением, то
–разрешима и
для любого
. Доказательство. В начале приведём утверждение из работы: пусть
![](data:image/png;base64,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)
– группа и
![](data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAABMAAAARCAYAAAA/mJfHAAAAAXNSR0ICQMB9xQAAAAlwSFlzAAAOxAAADsQBlSsOGwAAABl0RVh0U29mdHdhcmUATWljcm9zb2Z0IE9mZmljZX/tNXEAAADcSURBVDjLzZNBCoMwEEWney+gmEPI3EGysAeowa0ryUKFLKO7HEPv4UW68AY9Q23UjZWYptCWBobAIzz4MxNo2xY+VfB1mT6nfdm4VcYQOv3wrmuab0J5aeMvYxYxqQDIjXIZuXCrLEXoAdPelR/KpMx8BBiRNYkLt8oahgkAjpkQwbbZ8oLnhUvpO8uWKGuj9zUdRTTKlMo9GsJA4qJ6J6JRJjmNCJDrflprdPMUD2V69DWEdMiV8ly4UTY3WIgsmKPoiPV2603cKuOUlE/NRtaZ+H7rf/vR/0L2AJw1txyixfYGAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC)
– её полунормальная подгруппа. Тoгда:
– если
![](data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAABMAAAARCAYAAAA/mJfHAAAAAXNSR0ICQMB9xQAAAAlwSFlzAAAOxAAADsQBlSsOGwAAABl0RVh0U29mdHdhcmUATWljcm9zb2Z0IE9mZmljZX/tNXEAAADvSURBVDjLY2hsbGSgFmaguWGrGBiYGFAxIz5xvIZFGTPMByr8B8T/gfivrEdeET5xgt7McZMtZmCQfe2RV29IjDhew6KMGBYxGEcvIFYcp2H19bGSxgwMd42jG3yIEcdvWKSxLwOD8d3Q8nJp5ACvjTT0A4rfia2vlyTaMGBAL4QG9F80/B+XF7Ea1tGRxuMhw7AHPaYIeRGrYdVZLkayDLI30WOrIdrYBxiLb7DFIk7DgFFfwiDrsTuto4OHGHGshoFSc3l5qDTIK7JuOSUMDKuYsIujpnqshuV5yBahBLZx1Hxs4uhhSd+MPigMAwAOCbjv7P8bIwAAAABJRU5ErkJggg==)
–
![](data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAA0AAAARCAYAAAAG/yacAAAAAXNSR0ICQMB9xQAAAAlwSFlzAAAOxAAADsQBlSsOGwAAABl0RVh0U29mdHdhcmUATWljcm9zb2Z0IE9mZmljZX/tNXEAAADiSURBVDjLY2hsbGQgFTNQRVMoAwMzAxz/ZySoqbw8VNqYgeEWUMMfRgaGv4aRlX7YNCJpSOP1kDOZGVtfLwniZ3nIFgE1/jOOrPfFqakh1sPWo7jBAMbv6Ejj8ZBh2MNgHLWQpICIMmZYyGAcvYBoTWDnyjDuMY5t8CZaU3WWi5GsrOfytI4OHqI0rWJgYIo2lu1B9iNeTf8ZGBhz3GSLjWPrwc4CAkYQxqkJpKEy0tBP1i2jFBbBQGcae8Q22GLVBHISSANQ4X9UbHwHFncYmnI8ZAtBKQEDG0fNp02CpZkmAFxHMp4FY4rlAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC)
–нильпотентна, то нормальное замыкание
![](data:image/png;base64,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)
подгруппы
![](data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAABMAAAARCAYAAAA/mJfHAAAAAXNSR0ICQMB9xQAAAAlwSFlzAAAOxAAADsQBlSsOGwAAABl0RVh0U29mdHdhcmUATWljcm9zb2Z0IE9mZmljZX/tNXEAAADvSURBVDjLY2hsbGSgFmaguWGrGBiYGFAxIz5xvIZFGTPMByr8B8T/gfivrEdeET5xgt7McZMtZmCQfe2RV29IjDhew6KMGBYxGEcvIFYcp2H19bGSxgwMd42jG3yIEcdvWKSxLwOD8d3Q8nJp5ACvjTT0A4rfia2vlyTaMGBAL4QG9F80/B+XF7Ea1tGRxuMhw7AHPaYIeRGrYdVZLkayDLI30WOrIdrYBxiLb7DFIk7DgFFfwiDrsTuto4OHGHGshoFSc3l5qDTIK7JuOSUMDKuYsIujpnqshuV5yBahBLZx1Hxs4uhhSd+MPigMAwAOCbjv7P8bIwAAAABJRU5ErkJggg==)
в группе
![](data:image/png;base64,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)
разрешимо.
– если порядок
![](data:image/png;base64,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)
подгруппы
![](data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAABMAAAARCAYAAAA/mJfHAAAAAXNSR0ICQMB9xQAAAAlwSFlzAAAOxAAADsQBlSsOGwAAABl0RVh0U29mdHdhcmUATWljcm9zb2Z0IE9mZmljZX/tNXEAAADvSURBVDjLY2hsbGSgFmaguWGrGBiYGFAxIz5xvIZFGTPMByr8B8T/gfivrEdeET5xgt7McZMtZmCQfe2RV29IjDhew6KMGBYxGEcvIFYcp2H19bGSxgwMd42jG3yIEcdvWKSxLwOD8d3Q8nJp5ACvjTT0A4rfia2vlyTaMGBAL4QG9F80/B+XF7Ea1tGRxuMhw7AHPaYIeRGrYdVZLkayDLI30WOrIdrYBxiLb7DFIk7DgFFfwiDrsTuto4OHGHGshoFSc3l5qDTIK7JuOSUMDKuYsIujpnqshuV5yBahBLZx1Hxs4uhhSd+MPigMAwAOCbjv7P8bIwAAAABJRU5ErkJggg==)
группы
![](data:image/png;base64,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)
нечетен, то и
![](data:image/png;base64,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)
нечетен.
Рассмотрим два случая.
1) Пусть
![](data:image/png;base64,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)
. Получаем, что
![](data:image/png;base64,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)
нечетен, где
![](data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAABAAAAARCAYAAADUryzEAAAAAXNSR0ICQMB9xQAAAAlwSFlzAAAOxAAADsQBlSsOGwAAABl0RVh0U29mdHdhcmUATWljcm9zb2Z0IE9mZmljZX/tNXEAAADmSURBVDjLY2hsbGSgBDPQxAAgYARiJmyYKAMaYo29gYr/AvF/KA3GjAzGd0PLy6WJ8kJ9noehLAPDG+PoBh8Qv6MjjcdDlmE3g4zHnrSODh7CBkQa+zIwGN+Jra+XhInluMkWA8XuIovhNCDKiGERg3H0AuRwiQCJyXrsJuiC+vpYSWMGhruGkbV+sMAD2l4CCgfj2AZvgmEAcT7jP+QABDr9NrLT8RoQhcWpRKcDmPNlPfKKyEpI1VkuRnIMcjc88uoNSTYAFFjgkDaKWMTAsIqJJAOgCecVPNBk3XeRFQaDIzeSggEaAnjax7l4+QAAAABJRU5ErkJggg==)
– силовская
![](data:image/png;base64,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)
–подгруппа группы
![](data:image/png;base64,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)
. Следовательно, подгруппа
![](data:image/png;base64,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)
разрешима. Теперь
![](data:image/png;base64,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)
–
![](data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAABMAAAAVCAYAAACkCdXRAAAAAXNSR0ICQMB9xQAAAAlwSFlzAAAOxAAADsQBlSsOGwAAABl0RVh0U29mdHdhcmUATWljcm9zb2Z0IE9mZmljZX/tNXEAAAEbSURBVDjLY2hsbGSgFmYYFIYBASMQM1HFsBw32RIGBuO7sfX1khQZ1tGRxuMhw7CHwTh6AcUugxlmHN3gQ5RhoPCAYkZY+MDCqL4+VtJEzmNmWkcHD0HD6vM8DGUZGF4BNf83jqz3jTZmWABk/wWHUXm5FMgwD4+8UKJjE6TBiEH2lJwcww3j2AZvmNdk3XKKSU4a9ZHGvgyyxicj8+pVkcNJ1iOviGTDoowZFiIHcHWWi5Esg+xNj7x6Q5IMg3jRaDcsDYEiAGQ4elIgyjCwK2Q9VoWmpfGBYhBsEIPxbeQESrRhwNRdDIk9KCbgIpyGgQNaVnYlvrAhyjBQ2AC9aAzyYlp5OS9FhiESJxDLeuxGT+FDozwbWoYBABbROU9unHeJAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC)
-группа. И группа
![](data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAABAAAAARCAYAAADUryzEAAAAAXNSR0ICQMB9xQAAAAlwSFlzAAAOxAAADsQBlSsOGwAAABl0RVh0U29mdHdhcmUATWljcm9zb2Z0IE9mZmljZX/tNXEAAADxSURBVDjLY2hsbGSgBDPQxAAgYIJixlUINhNRBtTneRjKMjC8Amr4ZxxZ7xttzLAAyP7LyGB8N7a8XIooF9TXx0oaMciekpNjuG4c2+Dd0ZHG4yHDsEfWLaeYOAMijX0ZZI1PRubVq4L4cAM88oqIMiDKmGGhcXSDD4xfneViJMcgd8Mjr96QcBiAnW+0O7a+XhLEBwVihBHDIgbj6AVEBSLINllZj1WhaWl8oJCPNGZayMBgfBtmIEEDctxkS0ChDsfGUfOJTgfgwJKVXYnNrwQNAPkV6HxjmPNJNgAY8vPhzpZ135XW0cEzcHlhaBkAAHQ7gLaXyiXAAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC)
–разрешима. Пусть
![](data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAwAAAANCAYAAACdKY9CAAAAAXNSR0ICQMB9xQAAAAlwSFlzAAAOxAAADsQBlSsOGwAAABl0RVh0U29mdHdhcmUATWljcm9zb2Z0IE9mZmljZX/tNXEAAACbSURBVCjPY2hsbGQgBTOQrQEIGIGYmYEhlBmVz8CIVUNDsYeBLAPDKwYG4zux5eVS9ZHGvkDF/4yjG3xwOqk6y8VIVtZjZU6kaSSDsfFOYwbZEx7FDQY4NeS4yZbImpiskDWO6ibK01HGDAsZZD13pXV08BDUUF4eK2XEYLQ7tr5ekqhQAnvSOHoB0cEabcxQaRzZYEm7iKOZBgA7D9wm+MaIaAAAAABJRU5ErkJggg==)
– произвольный элемент из
![](data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAACcAAAAVCAYAAADFEfeTAAAAAXNSR0ICQMB9xQAAAAlwSFlzAAAOxAAADsQBlSsOGwAAABl0RVh0U29mdHdhcmUATWljcm9zb2Z0IE9mZmljZX/tNXEAAAJ5SURBVEjH7Va9bhNBEJ5z2gjqxF536SjiG3iDyFkrge6K8+kqhIUs64o4aIsI1u4s8QRUiWmAvEFMoIY8AEiJ8wTkEXDM7J3XuVuvf0BGshAnjc6endn9dr75OWi327CqsrLAlgaOnpxNf0p6Wlu7k9Octp/mszRw9DhCeHkEPAul3EjrFRgfc116/xwLBie1mnefI75+APjZEyKvbP8KOOnjYwC8MoG99EtP6D0AtturdTrreq0V4h6hHrByo9lq8u0iFL/v1I/wt8BN0jFJjUwi1rMDc24xbO3Z9m6UWROD1n4MlgAywK+ekPmFwFHY71UY9OiGt5qO0e9BQk31WNlVEbqMRwdp36P6jsvAudE2VnD80VPebG3r/xFnB2TfnQuu06mtVxh7xyNZChCliorSccY+KJ22EyLcdIFdpHUaMNF8nY6mnQlvbZwaES8xcC9CITZngpORv+VHcksdjhi8GkeDVd5ncifAfRNEfIkCnEOBn6dtlX6XmBhFfkiU09u91L5ShhsIcK2pnptzjTI+01FR0TDzR+WNCU4fMo2i5ELO0EwF7aeKZC44FbWHRf5G3T6hz/1o0jQDXB/c6ltbeyCfQ/Lpm3stDE5tWqdNdKTiVkG9KVkbOumWYMstivKxA+zGbA8jyj/pvWzgbNUNE22AVca9KUA4YeXnL+JGO8pBvaEqCALhmge5AJcOuH0vigq6AChvkar4hw1AUuFUEMZFM+BGTfFbuszrqszjdnKXwOkoERWHNgrVWmYyKDEacobuKa3nz6dDTAf7oiicNYJmibA08qWNr0VG0GxgcDVtkizlqySJYHbwL8vn3/+e+w9u1eQXFldyROZbJU0AAAAASUVORK5CYII=)
,
![](data:image/png;base64,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)
. Тогда
![](data:image/png;base64,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)
из теоремы 2.3.1 и
![](data:image/png;base64,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)
, где
![](data:image/png;base64,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)
– силовская
![](data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAwAAAANCAYAAACdKY9CAAAAAXNSR0ICQMB9xQAAAAlwSFlzAAAOxAAADsQBlSsOGwAAABl0RVh0U29mdHdhcmUATWljcm9zb2Z0IE9mZmljZX/tNXEAAAChSURBVCjPY2hsbGQgBTOQrQEIGIGYhYEhlBnE/w/n/2fEqqGh2MNAjoHhJQOD8Z3Y8nKpykhDP6COf8bRDT44nVSd5WIkK+uxMifSPJLByGiHEYPscY/iBgOcGnLcZEtkTUxWyBpHdRPl6ShDpoUMsh470zo6eAhqKC+PlTJkNNodW18vSVQo1Uca+zIYRy8gOlijjRkqjSMbLGkXcTTTAAAjHN4b93jNbQAAAABJRU5ErkJggg==)
–подгруппа группы
![](data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAABEAAAATCAYAAAB2pebxAAAAAXNSR0ICQMB9xQAAAAlwSFlzAAAOxAAADsQBlSsOGwAAABl0RVh0U29mdHdhcmUATWljcm9zb2Z0IE9mZmljZX/tNXEAAAEvSURBVDjLY2hsbGSgFDMMDUNWMTAwMaDgVUxgTQwMjAQNASkCYuZIY6aFQPovFP9hMI5ekJYWyudm7Fab1tHBg9MQkAG1kYZ+YI2y7ruQFTfEGnsDxf/JuuUU43QJwgDGf8axDd7YXJnjJltsHN3gg9OQ6iwXI1kGhjcgZ+MKpzwP02SP4gYDnIZEGTMAw8D4bmx9vST+AGZgwmpIR0caj4cMwx4GGY89yOEAEneXZdgFDdz/oDABWnQb2SK4IfX1sZLGDAx3GYyjFmLzRkO0sQ/IEFmPvCKc6QRqyB0Go6hFOAK0BOiCO+hexQiTaGOGBQwMsm9csqqNkcXhXsUR4CgcqGtuMwJtDC0vl4YGIjMw1oxlGRhf44p2rNEIjKX5SCkVklrREt4QzMV0NQQACRK7fVux5ZsAAAAASUVORK5CYII=)
. Следовательно, теорема верна в этом случае.
2) Пусть
![](data:image/png;base64,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)
. Имеем
![](data:image/png;base64,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)
и
![](data:image/png;base64,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)
для любой собственной подгруппы
![](data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAABUAAAAXCAYAAADk3wSdAAAAAXNSR0ICQMB9xQAAAAlwSFlzAAAOxAAADsQBlSsOGwAAABl0RVh0U29mdHdhcmUATWljcm9zb2Z0IE9mZmljZX/tNXEAAAEvSURBVEjHY2hsbGSgNmYYNRQDr2JgYGJgYGBG4FVM+MSJMjTKmGE+IwPDX6DG/0D8R9YjpxCfONHez3GTLWFgkH3tUdxgQIw4UYZGGTEsYjCOXkCsOEFDy8tjpYwYGO8axzZ4EyNOlKH1kca+DAxGd0Pz8mSQIoalPNzQn4HB+E5sfb0kyYYCI2QhAwMjKEL+IGNgJP0j5HWshpaXp/F6yDDskfXIK8L0OsNd4+gGH5INrc5yMZJlkL2JHruQIMGM9VBw0IQy4zUUnGRkPXandXTwEBLv6EjjcZdl2MWIFs4ouSgvL1QG5EVZt4xS5FyETRzFYDnjWVgNzfGQLUSKlN8MxlHzsYmj5yK8hpKLh46h5WmhfK5yxrNDy+ulqWYoqOQCx4Gsx05Yyhjh1QkAn6em7PkCiCEAAAAASUVORK5CYII=)
из
![](data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAABMAAAARCAYAAAA/mJfHAAAAAXNSR0ICQMB9xQAAAAlwSFlzAAAOxAAADsQBlSsOGwAAABl0RVh0U29mdHdhcmUATWljcm9zb2Z0IE9mZmljZX/tNXEAAADjSURBVDjLY2hsbGSgFmaguWFAwAjETEiYEZ84XsOijRkWABX+A+L/QPxX1iOvCJ84QW/muMkWMzDIvvbIqzckRhyvYVHGDAsZjKMXECuO07D6+lhJYwaGu8bRDT7EiOM3LNLYl4HB+G5oebk0coDDxGPr6yWJNgzsFUhA/0XD/3F5EathHR1pPB4yDHvQY4qQF7EaVp3lYiTLIHsTPbYaoo19gLH4Blss4jQMGPUlDLIeu9M6OniIEcdqGCg1l5eHSoO8IuuWU4Kc6rGJ4zUsz0O2CCWwoQGNLo4elvTN6IPCMABhaLb46r0WOgAAAABJRU5ErkJggg==)
. Из полунормальности силовской
![](data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAA0AAAARCAYAAAAG/yacAAAAAXNSR0ICQMB9xQAAAAlwSFlzAAAOxAAADsQBlSsOGwAAABl0RVh0U29mdHdhcmUATWljcm9zb2Z0IE9mZmljZX/tNXEAAADiSURBVDjLY2hsbGQgFTNQRVMoAwMzAxz/ZySoqbw8VNqYgeEWUMMfRgaGv4aRlX7YNCJpSOP1kDOZGVtfLwniZ3nIFgE1/jOOrPfFqakh1sPWo7jBAMbv6Ejj8ZBh2MNgHLWQpICIMmZYyGAcvYBoTWDnyjDuMY5t8CZaU3WWi5GsrOfytI4OHqI0rWJgYIo2lu1B9iNeTf8ZGBhz3GSLjWPrwc4CAkYQxqkJpKEy0tBP1i2jFBbBQGcae8Q22GLVBHISSANQ4X9UbHwHFncYmnI8ZAtBKQEDG0fNp02CpZkmAFxHMp4FY4rlAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC)
–подгруппы
![](data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAABAAAAARCAYAAADUryzEAAAAAXNSR0ICQMB9xQAAAAlwSFlzAAAOxAAADsQBlSsOGwAAABl0RVh0U29mdHdhcmUATWljcm9zb2Z0IE9mZmljZX/tNXEAAADmSURBVDjLY2hsbGSgBDPQxAAgYARiJmyYKAMaYo29gYr/AvF/KA3GjAzGd0PLy6WJ8kJ9noehLAPDG+PoBh8Qv6MjjcdDlmE3g4zHnrSODh7CBkQa+zIwGN+Jra+XhInluMkWA8XuIovhNCDKiGERg3H0AuRwiQCJyXrsJuiC+vpYSWMGhruGkbV+sMAD2l4CCgfj2AZvgmEAcT7jP+QABDr9NrLT8RoQhcWpRKcDmPNlPfKKyEpI1VkuRnIMcjc88uoNSTYAFFjgkDaKWMTAsIqJJAOgCecVPNBk3XeRFQaDIzeSggEaAnjax7l4+QAAAABJRU5ErkJggg==)
группы
![](data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAABEAAAATCAYAAAB2pebxAAAAAXNSR0ICQMB9xQAAAAlwSFlzAAAOxAAADsQBlSsOGwAAABl0RVh0U29mdHdhcmUATWljcm9zb2Z0IE9mZmljZX/tNXEAAAEXSURBVDjLY2hsbGSgFDMMDUOAgBGImZAwI0ycoCEwzVHGDAuB9F84No5ekJYWyudm7Fab1tHBg9MQkAH1kca+QPofg6znLmTFDbHG3iBxWbecYrwugRlgHNvgjc2VOW6yxcbRDT44DanOcjGSZWB4A3I2rnDK8zBN9sirN8RpCCQMjO/G1tdLEghgJqyGdHSk8XjIMOxhkPHYgxwOYHFZht3gMGJg+A+hjW8jW4QIi/pYSWMGhrsMxlELsXmjIdrYB2SIrEdeEc50AjfEKGoRjgAtAbrgDrpXMcIk2phhAQOD7BuXrGojZHG4V3EEOGr0QlxzG2RjaHm5NCwQgbFmDIo1XNGONRohLkJKqSCMlvCGYC6mqyEA3sC7BgmXw/wAAAAASUVORK5CYII=)
следует, что в группе
![](data:image/png;base64,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)
существуют
![](data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAABsAAAAVCAYAAAC33pUlAAAAAXNSR0ICQMB9xQAAAAlwSFlzAAAOxAAADsQBlSsOGwAAABl0RVh0U29mdHdhcmUATWljcm9zb2Z0IE9mZmljZX/tNXEAAAHSSURBVEjH7VVNTsJAGP0KW3SPdDgD7RzAjalDCO6aUEy3jWlIF4DpwpCWXW/Bz8aEIwDewygcQOUIgE5bxkxapqKJsrHJl2amM++977fQ7/fhrwyOTkYfiVo+bXpeBDQByCXOSweR+Sau0cMbau+79zo0CdSl7rqlfcIMnBuyc+EdxehdJQmFLnsOURBIK2z6tXAdBFaBIJiBTOZWEBQYUc9QQtANInabF0sVbLHh1Q8jM3AdAC9MzyuyvZaGunRvyfZiImnLBPHWxDDihWWSNVUYA74esjWNp9QI9xCZhQCua56pAEv+TIqMEyYkY0C7uEcJtyOvYM28iL1Eb8TxFKHYRGQyQihtuYRTU5/YxSh/MsyZlyKxSa/FIRQARWI8s4gpGNJanSyxyVyKgYjTzq5UWFGybvJb4FonmgwPgKrTpNgU0J19oZah/Eg6fkVIFgtagNoY870UNvaNhm5pLl/33U81Z1RxEcgklzV6bILaYS/xRUQbe8QXkZDM75BKGeDlsyDQ5VSUM668B/yEAdwc/Nogtiz91DDs8+TMjKOUjszPpjcFc129RPP2HHtGZ6bjyCycNO8Yoer9lwVyiMWDOu67VPgzUnD8/9k/2XftAyJhAq44H/neAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC)
–
![](data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAACgAAAAVCAYAAAA0GqweAAAAAXNSR0ICQMB9xQAAAAlwSFlzAAAOxAAADsQBlSsOGwAAABl0RVh0U29mdHdhcmUATWljcm9zb2Z0IE9mZmljZX/tNXEAAAKCSURBVEjH7VZNTttAGP3sbKm6Rnh8BuwJS9QNCoNCsrMUx/LWQlFkCQKKEELj7LzoBbqiyYY2NwCFA3CBLiA9AMoVaNMZOybjwT9ByoJWXcxi/PPmfe9777NhMBjAe17vmlwuwTGACmBVxGsWQAVe1lxZx+HxOcV4mS/ZWB0C2r/1wnCDX+v3rS0M8MDAnhWAX4Z93lwHyS5BxxwzxhurKxFsmzACdCCQ8z4QvfrFpXST7zsEnTCSv7FNG+tQMeiRbQQwQ7XuaSlBSt1NptRP8fDAJbukF2wn+zD0NogGE8Dt4bp81sYwBI1MElFyCSaH51WTAsTO17eQWHp4rMbeiy2yLDgbL70BUKIWY+cq76Co5ZoywW5QXymFDNP3LQ2DMuV+Y8X3WqY6St5fdO2xtMVzBnTRIVgH/YfYUnlddPZMhA6us9qR8zxGoMwQ6R7zvc88DICniacjki6us2sPlu9rcvgg9RBLruV5H4vGgoPR56ICZLX3mdrMry8dubSNptxOrnIyKbBL67ktjhNl3Ft9uiUfxhXu1lAvAeCgfBURpDZuiGqFjHBNgzvsBIevVcb3oqr5YyYKQDqhnNw5qxzVjs6SYc1BiRvslocpxloUeAqAZllTgXuzNCRZieJt5eQYqXl6xcoslKzIXx6+HAxXYLZGUUH2TgNVq9fMv99E/5ZNjsw5iIh/Ik/7V2vhK24LHeCJEX6UW7S8Fz/PFRSxi7pWRHBq2JfNt844ah9+KgpPpBRC34lPDdk+rXi0lc/BRDGFtS8rKJlBYEWZ/DstJDWrAD4LDTAmIq5gn2c5vYV/M1FbEblZddatVIBkjaV99Kci5f/O/8H/BP8lgn8AZZaaxvMi6mgAAAAASUVORK5CYII=)
–холловы подгруппа группы
![](data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAABEAAAATCAYAAAB2pebxAAAAAXNSR0ICQMB9xQAAAAlwSFlzAAAOxAAADsQBlSsOGwAAABl0RVh0U29mdHdhcmUATWljcm9zb2Z0IE9mZmljZX/tNXEAAAEBSURBVDjLY2hsbGSgFDMMDUOAgBEdw8SJMgQImKKMGRYC6X9Q/JfBOHpBeXkar5uxW21aRwcPXkPqI419wRplPXYjK26INvYBicu65RTjdQnMAOPoBh9sFuS4yRajy6EoqM5yMZJlYHgDcjYub+Z5mCZ75NUb4jQEEgbGd2Pr6yWJCWAMQzo60ng8ZBj2MMh47EEOB7C4LMNuaOD+h9DGd5AtQoRFfaykMQPDXQbjqIXYvAEN1P+yHnlFONMJIUNAAYrNqxhhEm3MsICBQfaNS1a1EbI43Ks4Ahw1eiGuuQO2sbxcChqITLBYwxXtWKMR4iJ4SoWkVrSENwRzMV0NAQAlab4/0G6xcAAAAABJRU5ErkJggg==)
для каждого
![](data:image/png;base64,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)
. Таким образом, в группе
![](data:image/png;base64,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)
существуют бипримарные
![](data:image/png;base64,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)
–холловские подгруппы для любого нечётного простого делителя
![](data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAABAAAAARCAYAAADUryzEAAAAAXNSR0ICQMB9xQAAAAlwSFlzAAAOxAAADsQBlSsOGwAAABl0RVh0U29mdHdhcmUATWljcm9zb2Z0IE9mZmljZX/tNXEAAADxSURBVDjLY2hsbGSgBDPQxAAgYIJixlUINhNRBtTneRjKMjC8Amr4ZxxZ7xttzLAAyP7LyGB8N7a8XIooF9TXx0oaMciekpNjuG4c2+Dd0ZHG4yHDsEfWLaeYOAMijX0ZZI1PRubVq4L4cAM88oqIMiDKmGGhcXSDD4xfneViJMcgd8Mjr96QcBiAnW+0O7a+XhLEBwVihBHDIgbj6AVEBSLINllZj1WhaWl8oJCPNGZayMBgfBtmIEEDctxkS0ChDsfGUfOJTgfgwJKVXYnNrwQNAPkV6HxjmPNJNgAY8vPhzpZ135XW0cEzcHlhaBkAAHQ7gLaXyiXAAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC)
, поэтому группа
![](data:image/png;base64,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)
разрешима.
Теорема доказана.
Лемма 2.3.7. Пусть
–
–разрешимая группа. Если
![](data:image/png;base64,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)
– нормальная подгруппа в
![](data:image/png;base64,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)
то
![](data:image/png;base64,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)
Если
![](data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAABMAAAARCAYAAAA/mJfHAAAAAXNSR0ICQMB9xQAAAAlwSFlzAAAOxAAADsQBlSsOGwAAABl0RVh0U29mdHdhcmUATWljcm9zb2Z0IE9mZmljZX/tNXEAAADcSURBVDjLzZNBCoMwEEWney+gmEPI3EGysAeowa0ryUKFLKO7HEPv4UW68AY9Q23UjZWYptCWBobAIzz4MxNo2xY+VfB1mT6nfdm4VcYQOv3wrmuab0J5aeMvYxYxqQDIjXIZuXCrLEXoAdPelR/KpMx8BBiRNYkLt8oahgkAjpkQwbbZ8oLnhUvpO8uWKGuj9zUdRTTKlMo9GsJA4qJ6J6JRJjmNCJDrflprdPMUD2V69DWEdMiV8ly4UTY3WIgsmKPoiPV2603cKuOUlE/NRtaZ+H7rf/vR/0L2AJw1txyixfYGAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC)
– подгруппа в
![](data:image/png;base64,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)
то
![](data:image/png;base64,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)
Пусть
![](data:image/png;base64,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)
и
![](data:image/png;base64,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)
– нормальные подгруппы в
![](data:image/png;base64,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)
тогда
![](data:image/png;base64,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)
Кроме того,
![](data:image/png;base64,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)
Пусть
![](data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAABUAAAAXCAYAAADk3wSdAAAAAXNSR0ICQMB9xQAAAAlwSFlzAAAOxAAADsQBlSsOGwAAABl0RVh0U29mdHdhcmUATWljcm9zb2Z0IE9mZmljZX/tNXEAAAFkSURBVEjH7ZWxTsJQFIZ/YCU4o94+g/TI7ILtTXStiSWd0DsQ0kFNOhBzYeviA4gDxpFHQH0OA8E34BHU2FvSWK+A1LAYbXKmv+fP+c5/mqLb7WLdhX/TL+UABcQ1yOvaAMhjiT7XVEqvbALjqOkV2/xRhGEx0cJQFG2GYQ54i3Vy+5nwO3U6BNi01mybuuYSu+K+rGTeqW/RiWHgCaZ7p5PsGvw6TbCSqcLkvN7oeHSQg/nsBcFmorWbNbPK/UbmoJJGNRUBE2a1LtIEy9AXmqYb64TbKLAHhasILLIul6HPNdUbpc8rDGykAlsFfeFJWZZ/9Gm/DPcqsJZFp2n02c06he9Nj/mevrNZYGxqkN1LCD5uliaelOW5ptGTE8LZiNClI0RJnz4OjPtn+qpsg3oLTdU0kfHLrMyx/mKLVxv8vLOTyfQn9XtMA+GU9g26cYJga22mLqEfZ8DsYfqD+OO/k3c7IbizgDp8YQAAAABJRU5ErkJggg==)
и
![](data:image/png;base64,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)
– нормальные подгруппы в
![](data:image/png;base64,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)
тогда