13. a big cat (fat/black) ---.
14. a little village (old/lovely) ---.
15. long hair (black/beautiful) ---.
16. an old painting (interesting/French) ---.
17. an enormous umbrella (red/yellow) ---.
98.2 Write the following in another way using the first .../the next ..../the last ...
1. the first day and the second day of the course _the first two days of the course_
2. next week and the week after _the next two weeks_
3. yesterday and the day before yesterday ---
4. the first week and the second week of September ---
5. tomorrow and a few days after that ---
6. questions 1, 2 and 3 of the examination ---
7. next year and the year after ---
8. the last day of our holiday and the two days before that ---
98.3 Complete each sentence with a verb (in the correct form) and an adjective from the boxes.
verb: feel smell look seem smell sound taste
adjective: awful fine nice interesting upset wet
1. Ann _seemed upset_ this morning. Do you know what was wrong?
2. I can't eat this. I've just tried it and it ---.
3. I wasn't very well yesterday but I --- today.
4. What beautiful flowers! They --- too.
5. You --- Have you been out in the rain?
6. Jim was telling me about his new job. It --- quite ---, much better than his old job.
98.4 Choose the correct word.
1. This tea tastes a bit _strange._ (strange/strangely)
2. I always feel --- when the sun is shining. (happy/happily)
3. The children were playing --- in the garden. (happy/happily)
4. The man became --- when the manager of the restaurant asked him to leave. (violent/violently)
5. You look --- Are you all right? (terrible/terribly)
6. There s no point in doing a job if you don t do it ---. (proper/properly)
UNIT 99 Adjectives and adverbs (1) (quick/quickly)
A. Look at these examples:
* Our holiday was too short - the time went very quickly.
* The driver of the car was seriously injured in the accident.
Quickly and seriously are adverbs. Many adverbs are made from an adjective + -1y:
adjective: quick serious careful quiet heavy bad
adverb: quickly seriously carefully quietly heavily badly
For spelling, see Appendix 6.
Not all words ending in -ly are adverbs. Some adjectives end in -ly too, for example:
friendly lively elderly lonely silly lovely
B. Adjective or adverb?
#1 Adjectives (quick/careful etc.) tell us about a noun. We use adjectives before nouns and after some verbs, especially be:
* Tom is a careful driver. (not 'a carefully driver')
* We didn't go out because of the heavy rain.
* Please be quiet.
* I was disappointed that my exam results were so bad.
We also use adjectives after the verbs look/feel/sound etc. (see Unit 98D):
* Why do you always look so serious?
#2 Adverbs (quickly/carefully etc.) tell us about a verb. An adverb tells us how somebody does something or how something happens:
* Tom drove carefully along the narrow road. (not 'drove careful')
* We didn't go out because it was raining heavily. (not 'raining heavy')
* Please speak quietly. (not 'speak quiet')
* I was disappointed that I did so badly in the exam. (not 'did so bad')
Why do you never take me seriously?
Compare:
* She speaks perfect English.(adjective + noun)
* She speaks English perfectly.(verb + object + adverb)
Compare these sentences with look:
* Tom looked sad when I saw him. (= he seemed sad, his expression was sad)
* Tom looked at me sadly. (= he looked at me in a sad way)
C. We also use adverbs before adjectives and other adverbs. For example:
reasonably cheap (adverb + adjective)
terribly sorry (adverb + adjective)
incredibly quickly (adverb + adverb)
* It's a reasonably cheap restaurant and the food is extremely good.
* Oh, I'm terribly sorry. I didn't mean to push you. (not 'terrible sorry')
* Maria learns languages incredibly quickly.
* The examination was surprisingly easy.
You can also use an adverb before a past participle (injured/organised/written etc.)
* Two people were seriously injured in the accident. (not 'serious injured')
* The meeting was very badly organised.
EXERCISES
99.1 Complete the sentences with adverbs. The first letter(s) of each adverb are given.
1. We didn't go out because it was raining _heavily._
2. Our team lost the game because we played very ba---.
3. I had little difficulty finding a place to live. I found a flat quite ea---.
4. We had to wait for a long time but we didn't complain. We waited pa---.
5. Nobody knew George was coming to see us. He arrived unex---.
6. Mike keeps fit by playing tennis reg---.
99.2 Put in the right word.
1. The driver of the car was _seriously_ injured. (serious/seriously)
2. The driver of the car had serious_ injuries. (serious/seriously)
3. I think you behaved very ---. (selfish/selfishly)
4. Rose is --- I upset about losing her job. (terrible/terribly)
5. There was a --- change in the weather. (sudden/suddenly)
6. Everybody at the party was --- dressed. (colourful/colourfully)
7. Linda likes wearing --- clothes. (colourful/colourfully)
8. She fell and hurt herself quite ---.(bad/badly)
9. He says he didn't do well at school because he was --- taught. (bad/badly)
10. Don't go up that ladder. It doesn't look ---. (safe/safely)
11. He looked at me --- when I interrupted him. (angry/angrily)
99.3 Complete each sentence using a word from the list. Sometimes you need the adjective (careful etc.) and sometimes the adverb (carefully etc.).
careful(ly) complete(ly) continuous(ly) financial(ly) fluent(ly) happy/happily nervous(ly) perfect(ly) quick(ly) special(1y)
1. Our holiday was too short. The time passed very _quickly._
2. Tom doesn't take risks when he's driving. He's always ---.
3. Sue works --- She never seems to stop.
4. Alice and Stan are very --- married.
5. Monica's English is very --- although she makes quite a lot of mistakes.
6. I cooked this meal --- for you, so I hope you like it.
7. Everything was very quiet. There was --- silence.
8. I tried on the shoes and they fitted me ---.
9. Do you usually feel --- before examinations?
10. I'd like to buy a car but it's --- impossible for me at the moment.
99.4 Choose two words (one from each box) to complete each sentence.
absolutely reasonably unusually badly seriously unnecessarily completely slightly
cheap enormous planned badly changed ill quiet damaged long
1. I thought the restaurant would be expensive but it was _reasonably cheap._
2. George's mother is --- in hospital.
3. What a big house! It's ---.
4. It wasn't a serious accident. The car was only ---.
5. The children are normally very lively but they're --- today.
6, When I returned home after 20 years, everything had ---.
7. The film was --- It could have been much shorter.
8. A lot went wrong during our holiday because it was ---.
UNIT 100 Adjectives and adverbs (2) (well/fast/late, hard/hardly)
A. Good/well
Good is an adjective. The adverb is well:
* Your English is good. but You speak English well.
* Susan is a good pianist. but Susan plays the piano well.
We use well (not 'good') with past participles (dressed/known etc.):
well-dressed well-known well-educated well-paid
But well is also an adjective with the meaning 'in good health':
* 'How are you today?', 'I'm very well, thanks.' (not 'I'm very good')
B. Fast/hard/late
These words are both adjectives and adverbs:
adjective:
* Jack is a very fast runner.
* Ann is a hard worker.
* The train was late.
adverb:
* Jack can run very fast.
* Ann works hard. (not 'works hardly')
* I got up late this morning.
Lately = 'recently'
* Have you seen Tom lately?
C. Hardly
Hardly = very little, almost not. Study these examples:
* Sarah was rather unfriendly to me at the party. She hardly spoke to me. (= she spoke to me very little, almost not at all)
* George and Hilda want to get married but they've only known each other for a few
days. I don't think they should get married yet. They hardly know each other. (= they know each other very little)
Hard and hardly are completely different. Compare:
* He tried hard to find a job but he had no luck. (= he tried a lot, with a lot of effort)
* I'm not surprised he didn't find a job. He hardly tried to find one. (= he tried very little)
We often use hardly + any/anybody/anyone/anything/anywhere:
* A: How much money have you got?
B: Hardly any. (= very little, almost none)
* I'll have to go shopping. We've got hardly any food.
* The exam results were very bad. Hardly anybody in our class passed. (= very few students passed, almost nobody passed)
* She ate hardly anything. She wasn't feeling hungry. (= she ate very little, almost nothing) Note the position of hardly. You can say:
* She ate hardly anything. or She hardly ate anything.
* We've got hardly any food. or We've hardly got any food. We often use can/could + hardly. I can hardly do something = it's almost impossible for me to do it:
* Your writing is terrible. I can hardly read it. (= it is almost impossible for me to read it)
* My leg was hurting me. I could hardly walk. Hardly ever = almost never
* I'm nearly always at home in the evenings. I hardly ever go out.
EXERCISES
100.1 Put in good or well.
1. I play tennis but I'm not very _good._
2. Your exam results were very ---.
3. You did very --- in your exams.
4. The weather was very --- while we-were on holiday.
5. 1 didn't sleep very --- last night.
6. How are you? Are you ---?
7. George speaks German very ---.
8. George's German is very ---.
9. Our new business is going very --- at the moment.
10. I like your jacket. It looks --- on you.
11. I've met her a few times but I don't know her very ---.
100.2 Complete these sentences using well + one of the following words: balanced behaved done dressed informed kept known paid
1. The children were very good. They were _well-behaved._
2. I'm surprised you haven't heard of her. She is quite ---.
3. Our neighbours' garden is neat and tidy. It is very ---.
4. You should eat different types of food. Your diet should be ---.
5. Ann knows a lot about many things. She is quite ---.
6. His clothes are always smart. He is always ---.
7. Jill has a lot of responsibility in her job but she isn't very ---.
8. Congratulations on passing your examinations ---!
100.3 Are the underlined words right or wrong? Correct the ones that are wrong.
1. I'm tired because I've been working _hard._ _RIGHT_
2. I tried _hard_ to remember her name but I couldn't.
3. This coat is practically unused. I've _hardly_ worn it.
4. She's a good tennis player. She hits the ball _hardly._
5. Don't walk so _fast!_ I can't keep up with you.
6. Why are you walking so _slow?_ Are you tired?
100.4 Write sentences with hardly. Use one of the following verbs (in the correct form):
change hear know recognise say sleep speak
1. George and Hilda have only met once before. They _hardly know_ each other.
2. You're speaking very quietly. I can --- you.
3. I'm very tired this morning. I --- last night.
4. We were so shocked when we heard the news, we could ---.
5. Kate was very quiet this evening. She --- a word.
6. You look the same now as you looked 15 years ago. You've ---.
7. I met Keith a few days ago. I hadn't seen him for a long time and he looks very different now. I --- him.
100.5 Complete these sentences with hardly + any/anybody/anything/anywhere/ever.
1. I'll have to go shopping. We've got _hardly any_ food.
2. It was a very warm day and there was --- wind
3. 'Do you know much about computers?' 'No ---.'
4. The hotel was almost empty. There was --- staying there.
5. I listen to the radio quite often but I --- watch television.
6. Our new boss is not very popular. --- likes her.
7. It was very crowded in the room. There was --- to sit.
8. We used to be good friends but we --- see each other now.
9. It was nice driving this morning. There was --- traffic.
10. 1 hate this town. There's --- to do and --- to go.
UNIT 101 So and such
A. Study these examples:
#1 * I didn't enjoy the book.
The story was so stupid.
We use so + adjective/adverb:
so stupid so quick so nice so quickly
#2 * I didn't enjoy the book.
It was such a stupid story.
We use such + noun: such a story such people
We use such + adjective + noun: such a stupid story such nice people
Note that we say such a ... (not 'a such ...')
B. So and such make the meaning of an adjective (or adverb) stronger:
* It's a lovely day, isn't it? It's so warm. (= really warm)
* He's difficult to understand because he speaks so quickly.
Compare so and such in these sentences:
* I like Tom and Ann. They are so nice.
You can use so ... that ...:
* The book was so good that I couldn't put it down.
* I was so tired that I fell asleep in the armchair.
You can leave out that in sentences like this:
* I was so tired (that) I fell asleep.
* We enjoyed our holiday. We had such a good time. (= a really good time)
* I like Tom and Ann. They are such nice people. (not 'so nice people')
You can use such ... that ...:
* It was such a good book that I couldn't put it down.
* It was such lovely weather that we spent the whole day on the beach.
* It was such lovely weather (that) we ...
C. We also use so and such with the meaning 'like this':
* I was surprised to find out that the house was built 100 years ago. I didn't realize it was so old. (as old as it is)
* I expected the weather to be much cooler. I didn't expect it to be so warm.
* I'm tired because I got up at 6 o'clock. I don't usually get up so early.
* I didn't realize it was such an old house.
* The house was so untidy. I've never seen such a mess. (= a mess like this)
Note the expression no such...
* You won't find the word 'blid' in an English dictionary because there is no such word. (= this word does not exist)
D. We say: so long but such a long time:
* I haven't seen her for so long I've forgotten what she looks like.
so far but such a long way:
* I didn't know it was so far.
so much, so many but such a lot (of):
* Why did you buy so much food?
* I haven't seen her for such a long time. (not 'a so long time')
* I didn't know it was such a long way.
* Why did you buy such a lot of food?
EXERCISES
101.1 Put in so, such or such a.
1. He's difficult to understand because he speaks _so_ quickly.
2. I like Tom and Ann. They're _such_ nice people.
3. It was a great holiday. We had _such a_ good time.
4. I was surprised that he looked --- well after his recent illness.
5. Everything is --- expensive these days, isn't it?
6. The weather is lovely, isn't it? I didn't expect it to be --- nice day.
7. I have to go. I didn't realize it was --- late.
8. He always looks good. He wears --- nice clothes.
9. It was --- boring film that I fell asleep while I was watching it.
10. I couldn't believe the news. It was --- shock.
11. I think she works too hard. She looks --- tired all the time.
12. The food at the hotel was --- awful. I've never eaten . awful food.
13. They've got --- much money, they don't know what to do with it.
14. 1 didn't realize you lived --- long way from the city centre.
15. I can't decide what to do. It's --- problem.
101.2 Make one sentence from two. Use so or such.
1. She worked hard.
2. It was a beautiful day.
3. I was tired.
4. We had a good time on holiday.
5. She speaks English well.
6. I've got a lot of things to do.
7. The music was loud.
8. I had a big breakfast.
9. It was horrible weather.
a. You could hear it from miles away.