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329-359. Глава 10
Одинаково ли воспринимается красота двумя половинами глаза?
М.Регард, Т.Лэндис^
Восприятие того, что мы считаем или должны считать прекрасным, зависит от духа времени. Поэтому нейропсихологический подход к эстетике был невозможен, пока не возродилась когнитивная психология, приведшая к более динамическому представлению о функциях головного мозга. Кроме того, интерпретация эстетического переживания зависит от философской точки зрения на душу и тело, т. е. от того, придерживаемся мы холистической концепции или считаем физические и духовные процессы вещами совершенно разной природы. И все же, несмотря на меняющиеся представления о прекрасном, правила, связывающие работу каждого полушария с эстетическим восприятием, скорее всего доступны для изучения. Чисто иерархическое подразделение психических процессов на этапы от ощущения до восприятия и далее до мышления неудобно для исследования полушарных механизмов, лежащих в основе эстетического предпочтения. Менее иерархизированный подход позволяет вновь обратиться к двум классическим, на первый взгляд противоречащим друг другу концепциям прекрасного: объективной, считающей красоту свойством самого объекта, и субъективной, связывающей ее с особенностями восприятия данного человека.
Дэвид Юм полагал, что в основе оценки искусства лежит логика. Это можно было бы считать справедливым в отношении любого зрительного стимула. Многочисленные исследования с применением тахистоскопа (аппарата для кратковременного проецирования изображений, позволяющего предъявлять их отдельно правому или левому полушарию мозга) показали, что на качество восприятия влияют как тип зрительной информации, так и полушарие, в которое она поступает.